Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April – 2023
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions

ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
UNIT I
1 a) Explain the objectives of optimal operation of generators in the thermal
power generating stations? [7]
b) Describe the process of optimum generation allocation by neglecting
the line losses? [8]
(OR)
2 a) Draw and explain the characteristics between Btu/kWh verses power
output of a thermal power station? [7]
b) The fuel cost of two units are given as follows:
C1= C1(PG1) = 1.1+28PG1+0.4PG12 Rs./hr
C2= C2(PG2) = 1.7+38PG2+0.4PG22 Rs./hr
If the total demand on the generators is 220MW, find the economic load
scheduling of the two units? [8]

UNIT II
3 a) Explain the importance of scheduling of hydro units in the hydro
thermal systems? [7]
b) Memorize the thermal unit constraints of unit commitment problem? [8]
(OR)
4 a) Explain in detail about the start up cost consideration of unit
commitment problem with an example? [7]
b) Describe the priority list scheme of solution for unit commitment
problem? [8]

UNIT III
5 a) Discuss in detail about the adverse effects with the variation of
frequency on the practical power system? [7]
b) Elaborate the incremental power balance of control area with necessary
expressions? [8]

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 Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 1

(OR)
6 a) Derive and explain the mathematical modelling of speed governing
system with relevant equations? [7]
b) Obtain and explain the block diagram representation of a generator load
model with necessary equations? [8]

UNIT IV
7 Analyze the power flow out from control area one of two control areas
interconnected through tie line? [15]
(OR)
8 Describe and analyze the static response of two area system of
controlled case with necessary equations? [15]

UNIT V
9 a) Memorize and explain the objectives of load compensation? [7]
b) A 3 phase 50Hz, 440V motor develops 120HP, the power factor being
0.6 lagging and efficiency is 92%. A bank of capacitors is connected in
delta across the supply terminals and the power factor is raised to 0.97
lagging. Each of the capacitance units is built of four similar 110V
capacitors. Find the capacitance of each capacitor? [8]
(OR)
10 a) Explain the characteristic features of various compensating equipment
for the transmission lines? [7]
b) Analyze the voltage regulation of a load compensated system? [8]
*****

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 Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April – 2023
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions

ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
UNIT I
1 a) Explain the benefits derived from optimal operation of generators in the
thermal power generating stations? [7]
b) Describe the process of optimum generation allocation by considering the
line losses? [8]
(OR)
2 a) Draw and explain the characteristics between Kcal/kWh verses power
output of a thermal power station? [7]
b) The fuel cost of two units are given by
C1 = 0.2PG12+27PG1+1.5 Rs./hr
C2 = 0.2PG22+37PG2+2.5 Rs./hr
If the total demand on the generators is 280MW, find the economical
load distribution of the two units? [8]

UNIT II
3 a) Describe the objectives and outcomes of optimal scheduling of hydro
thermal systems? [7]
b) Write and explain the importance of spinning reserve constraint of unit
commitment problem with an example? [8]
(OR)
4 a) Explain in detail about the shut down cost consideration of unit
commitment problem with an example? [7]
b) Describe the dynamic programming method of solution for unit
commitment problem? [8]

UNIT III
5 a) Explain in detail why the number of cycles per second will be maintained
as constant in the power system? [7]
b) Describe the complete block diagram of an isolated power system?
[8]
(OR)

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Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 2
6 a) Derive and explain the transfer function modelling of speed governing
system with relevant equations? [7]
b) A 120MVA turbo alternator operator on full load operates at 50Hz. A
load of 55MW is suddenly reduced on the machine. The steam valves to
the turbine commence to close after 0.4s due to the time lag in the
governor system. Assuming the inertia to be constant, H=6.4kW-s per
kVA of the generator capacity, find the change in frequency that occurs
in this time? [8]

UNIT IV
7 Analyze the power flow out from control area two of two control areas
interconnected through tie line? [15]
(OR)
8 Describe and analyze the dynamic response of two area system of
controlled case with necessary equations? [15]

UNIT V
9 a) Memorize and explain in detail about the specifications of load
compensating equipment? [7]
b) Analyze the power factor correction with the application load
compensation? [8]
(OR)
10 a) Discuss in detail about the advantages and disadvantages of various
compensating equipment for the transmission systems? [7]
b) A 3 phase, 50Hz, 3250V motor develops 660HP, the power factor is 0.76
lagging and the efficiency is 93%. A bank of capacitors in connected in
delta across the supply terminals and the power factor is raised to 0.9
lagging. Each of the capacitance units is built of five similar 650V
capacitors. Find the capacitance of each capacitor? [8]
*****

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 Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April – 2023
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions

ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT I
1 a) Explain the characteristics of thermal power station for optimal
operation? [7]
b) Elaborate the general transmission line loss formula and its
applications? [8]
(OR)
2 a) Derive and explain the importance of cost curve in the economic
operation of power system? [7]
b) If two plants having cost characteristics as
C1= 0.5PG12+62PG1+134 Rs./hr.
C2= 0.14PG22+42PG2+104 Rs./hr.
They have to meet the load cycle as 0 to7 hours – 8MW, 19 to 24hrs -
77MW. Find the economic schedule for the different load conditions. If
a cost of Rs. 420 is involved in taking either plant out of service or to
return to service, find whether it is more economical to keep both plants
in service for the whole day or to remove one of them during light load
service? [8]

UNIT II
3 a) Explain the mathematical formulation of hydro thermal scheduling
problem? [7]
b) In a two plant operation system, the hydro plant operates for 9 hours
during each day and the steam plant throughout the day. The
characteristics of the steam and hydro plants are
CT= 0.028PGT2+17PGT+14 Rs./hr.
WH=0.004PGH2+25 PGH m3/s.
When both plants are running, the power flow from the steam plant to
the load is 185MW and the total quantity of water used for the hydro
plant operation during 9 hours is 210 x106 m3. Determine the generation
of a hydro plant and cost of the water used. Neglect the transmission
losses? [8]
(OR)

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Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 3

4 a) Compare the thermal unit constraints and hydro constraints of unit

commitment problem? [7]
b) Elaborate and compare the effectiveness of priority ordering method
with dynamic programming solution of unit commitment problem? [8]

UNIT III
5 a) Discuss in detail about the load frequency control with respect to the
kinetic energy equation? [7]
b) Obtain the block diagram of an isolated power system from governor,
turbine and load models? [8]
(OR)
6 a) Explain the importance of speed governor setting with speed verses
load characteristics? [7]
b) Describe the effect of proportional and integral controller on the single
area power system? [8]

UNIT IV
7 Derive the relevant equations and analyze the static response of two
area uncontrolled system? [15]
(OR)
8 Explain in detail about the objectives procedure and outcomes of
economic dispatch control? [15]

UNIT V
9 a) What is meant by compensated transmission line? Explain with phasor
diagram? [7]
b) Memorize the need of FACTS controllers in the transmission networks? [8]
(OR)
10 a) Analyze the voltage regulation of an un compensated system? [7]
b) A 35.4kW induction motor has 0.86 power factor and efficiency of 0.88
at full load, 0.5 power factor and efficiency of 0.67 at half load. At no
load, the current is 22% of the full load current and power factor is 0.2.
Capacitors are supplied to make the line power factor 0.9 at half load.
With these capacitors in the circuit, find the line power factor at full
load and no load? [8]

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Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April – 2023
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT I
1 a) Draw and explain the incremental fuel cost curve of thermal power
station? [7]
b) Derive and explain in detail about the role of loss coefficients in the
economic operation of power systems? [8]
(OR)
2 a) Discuss in detail about the incremental fuel and production costs with
examples? [7]
b) A fixed load of 420MW is supplied by two 215MW generators 1 and 2
for which the fuel cost characteristics are given as:
C1= 0.08PG12+21PG1+32.2 Rs./hr.
C2 = 0.09PG22+17PG2+42.2 Rs./hr.
The real power generations of the units PG1 and PG2 are in MW. Find
the most economical load sharing between the generators, the saving in
Rs/day there by obtained compared to the equal load sharing between
two generators? [8]

UNIT II
3 a) Obtain and explain the solution of hydro thermal scheduling problem
with necessary equations? [7]
b) Discuss in detail about the advantages of operation of hydro thermal
combinations? [8]
(OR)
4 a) Describe the cost function formulation of unit commitment problem? [7]
b) Write and explain the step by step procedure for unit commitment table
by using dynamic programming approach? [8]

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 Code No: R1942021 R19 Set No. 4
UNIT III
5 a) Derive the steady state speed regulation of a generator from governor
characteristics? [7]
b) Explain the dynamic response single area power system with un
controlled case? [8]
(OR)
6 a) Discuss in detail about the properties and factors to be considered in the
selection of control area? [7]
b) Describe the block diagram representation of single area power system
with proportional plus integral control? [8]

UNIT IV
7 Derive the relevant equations and analyze the dynamic response of two
area uncontrolled system? [15]
(OR)
8 a) What is meant by tie line bias control? Explain in detail with relevant
equations? [7]
b) Two inter connected area 1 and area 2 have the capacity of 2100 and
528MW respectively. The incremental regulation and damping torque
coefficient for each area on its own base are 0.3p.u and 0.7p.u
respectively. Find the steady state change in the system frequency from
a nominal frequency of 50Hz and the change in steady state tie line
power following a 770MW change in the load of area 1? [8]

UNIT V
9 a) Explain in detail about the effect of load compensation on the voltage
regulation? [7]
b) List out and explain about various load compensating devices used in
the power systems? [8]
(OR)
10 a) What are various FACTS devices used for compensation? Explain their
functions? [7]
b) A synchronous motor improves the power factor of a load of 286kW
from 0.68 lagging to 0.86 lagging and at the same time carries an
additional load of 134kW. Find the leading kVAr supplied by the
motor, kVA rating of the motor and the power factor at which the motor
operates? [8]

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