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Disc Lec1 Introduction

discrete structures introduction

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10 views

Disc Lec1 Introduction

discrete structures introduction

Uploaded by

Basma Mostafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics for Computer

Science

https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=q4L-wUF3yig
1
FACULTY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND INFORMATICS

Discrete Structure (CS 104)

Introduction
References

Rosen, Kenneth H.
“Discrete mathematics
and its applications”,
Eighth Edition (2019).
What Is Discrete Mathematics?
• Discrete mathematics is the part of mathematics
devoted to the study of discrete objects

• Whenever objects are counted, when relationships


between finite sets are studied, and when processes
involving a finite number of steps are analyzed.

4
How many ways are there to choose a valid
password on a computer system?
What is the probability of winning a
lottery?
Is there a link between two computers in a
network?
The kinds of How can I identify spam e-mail messages?
problems How can I encrypt a message so that no
solved using unintended recipient can read it?
What is the shortest path between two
discrete cities using a transportation system?
mathematics How can a list of integers be sorted so that
the integers are in increasing order?
include: How many steps are required to do such a
sorting?
How can it be proved that a sorting
algorithm correctly sorts a list?
How can a circuit that adds two integers be
designed?

5
What is discrete mathematics?
Logic: artificial intelligence (AI), database, circuit design

Counting: probability, analysis of algorithm

Graph theory: computer network, data structures

Number theory: cryptography, coding theory

Logic, sets, functions, relations, etc.


Why Study Discrete Mathematics? (1)

Design efficient computer systems.

•How did Google manage to build a fast search engine?

•What is the foundation of internet security?

algorithms, data structures, database,


parallel computing, distributed systems,
cryptography, computer networks…

Logic, sets/functions, counting, graph theory…


Why Study Discrete Mathematics? (2)

Mathematical foundations for :


 logic, set, and number theory,
– Data Structures,
 linear algebra,
– Algorithms,
 abstract algebra,
– Database Theory,
 combinatorics,
– Compiler Theory,
 graph theory,
– Computer Security,
 and probability theory (the discrete part
– Operating Systems. of the subject).

 Solving problems in operations research (including discrete optimization),


chemistry, engineering, biology, and so on.

8
Topic 1: Logic and Proofs

How do computers think?

Logic: propositional logic, first order logic

Proof: induction, contradiction

Artificial intelligence, database, circuit, algorithms


Topic 2: Counting

How many steps are needed to sort n numbers?

• Sets
• Combinations, Permutations, Binomial theorem
• Functions
•Recursions

Probability, algorithms, data structures


Topic 3: Graph Theory

• Relations, graphs
• Degree sequence, isomorphism, Eulerian graphs
• Trees

Computer networks, circuit design, data structures


Topic 4: Number Theory

• Number sequence
• Euclidean algorithm
• Prime number

Cryptography, coding theory, data structures


Topics

13
Grade and weight of assessments

14
Lecture 1
Ch. 1
The Foundations:
Logic and Proofs

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