5th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering- ICRAIE 2020 (IEEE Record#51050)

Fuzzy Logic Based Control Of Variable Wind Energy

System
2020 5th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE) | 978-1-7281-8867-6/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICRAIE51050.2020.9358376

Trisha Bora Prateekee Chatterjee Saradindu Ghosh

Dept. of Electrical Engineering National Dept. of Electrical Engineering National Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Institute of Technology Institute of Technology National Institute of Technology
Durgapur, India Durgapur, India Durgapur, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Wind energy has a high penetration in smart grid • Control of aerodynamic power: through control of the
applications. Accurate communion of the wind energy conversion pitch of the propellers
system and the present grid is thereby required. A new control
• Control of generator: variable-speed operation and
plan is presented in this paper for the coordinated operation of
variable speed wind energy conversion in smart grid max- imum energy capturing
applications. A variable speed wind energy conversion system • grid power transfer control: through power electronics
using Squirrel- cage Induction Generator is studied. From the converter
information gathered a system is designed and analyzed under
fault. The system works with total coordination as the controllers
Pollution levels are rising at an alarming rate and conventional
and converters are appropriately designed. A droop controller is sources of energy are poisoning the planet’s habitable nature.
used during fault which regulates the torque and speed of the Renewable sources of energy need to be adopted efficiently. To
generator thus limiting the generation. Further, for performance that end, it seemed prudent to work on a coordinated approach
betterment, a fuzzy controller is incorporated for the in the area of non-conventional energy sources. As the world’s
optimization of the output power of the wind turbine with wind
speed variation. There is an increase of the voltage at the DC
electrical network grows, the control strategies governing
link and in the speed of the generator with the proposed power systems stability becomes vitally important. More and
controller. more houses need connecting to the grid every day;
healthcare, offices, factories - an ever-increasing demand for
Index Terms—Wind Turbine Generator, Fuzzy Logic, power has arisen in today’s world. However, momentary
WECS, WT fluctuations or fault may cause huge damage to the power
grid and result in a power outage in wide areas. To maintain
I. I NTRODUCTION
the power grid efficiency, it is imperative that proper control
The most used wind energy conversion systems (WECS) mechanisms are put in place. In this work, the focus is mainly
are variable-speed wind turbines(WT). These have a higher on two issues:
number of advantages in comparison to fixed-speed WT. The • To look into the performance of a droop controller in
most important advantage is that for optimal control the machine side to recover the voltage during fault
operation, there is decoupling between the generating system conditions
and the grid frequency making these flexible when compared. • Use of a fuzzy logic controller to optimise maximum
The variable- speed operation also lets to continuously adapt power output at different wind speeds
(accelerated or decelerated) the rotational speed of the wind
turbine to the turbine can operate with the highest II. MODELING OF WECS
aerodynamic efficiency and constantly. A thorough analysis
has been presented in [1], in the form of a specific case study. The characteristics of the presented approach in this
There are two main objectives of control: in any process, work include: (i) by de-loading control embedded in the
these are protection and optimization of operation. The machine side converter (MSC) to manage the imbalance in
control of WECS is important to a higher degree. This is power and
because WECS is mainly character- ized by the highly (ii) Using an FLC to control the torque output against the
variable, unpredicted nature of the wind and its speed. In wind speed. The control aspects of the Induction Generator
recent days it has become imperative to design efficient based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) mainly
control mechanisms to regulate the power generation in wind include the Wind Turbine modeling, and the Machine Side
systems and considerable work has been done on the same control as shown in Fig1.
as discussed in [2]- [5]. Additionally, taking a large range of
An MSC controller as in [7], is drafted for regulating the
speeds of winds the variable-speed WT can achieve maximum
aerodynamic efficiency [6]. There are three major subsystems
generator speed and ensures an optimum WT operation.
of the control of variable-speed WECS control system: WECS’s FRT capability is enhanced with the MSC as
The authors have equal contribution in the work presented. the de-loading droop controller controls generation

978-1-7281-8867-6/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE

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during drop in grid voltage. The system never gets B. Droop Controller
disconnected and slowly recovers as the grid voltage is From Fig 3 the following calculations are made.
restored. Fig 1 shows stator current is and rotor current ir
and it also shows the linkages of the flux of rotor φr
space phasor- in two frames namely the stationary
frame and the special reference frame.

Fig. 3. Regulation of power during fault conditions

or Before fault: Pgen−pf = Pgrid−pf (neglecting power

Fig. 1. Space phasor depiction of currents and the flux linkage of rotor losses in the converters) During fault: With the drop in power
on the grid side to, Pgrid−f the machine side Pgen−pf needs to
A. Implementation of the WECS fall to Pgen−f in time T seconds. The dc-link capacitor C
The entire WECS [7] model with different controllers is holds a voltage of Vdc. It is found that:
shown in Fig 2. It has different blocks for the Droop control,
Flux control, Speed control, Hysteresis Control, and Torque
Control. The different controllers help in stabilizing the Wind
Energy Conversion System (WECS). The speed controller
regulates the speed of the induction generator as the system
conditions vary either with wind speed or grid conditions. The Droop control is one of the most popular types of primary
Direct Torque and Flux controller (DTC) is used for directly control that regulates the frequency by adjusting the output
controlling the torque and stator flux of the machine. This is active power of a controlled asset- usually a generator. Droop
done by using inverter voltage vectors which are chosen from control is realized by simulating the droop characteristic of
an optimal switching table. The droop controller reduces generators in a traditional grid and controlling the output
power generated by the WECS during fault when power voltage and frequency of the voltage source inverter (VSI)
imbalance occurs between the grid side and the machine side. ac- cording to variation of the output power.The droop
It is further discussed in detail. control idea has been employed by the inverter parallel
operations because of the power system inertia, and the
frequency decreases with increase in load. In the microgrid
operation RES are directly connected through the power
electronic elements, therefore the system inertia has been
neglected[16]. Introducing a droop control technique will
imitate the inertia of voltage source inverter (VSI) as within
the synchronous type of wind turbine generator system.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM WITH FUZZY LOGIC
CONTROLLER
The entire simulation and implementation of the WECS
system have been done in three stages. In the first stage,
the system configuration is simulated without using any
controller as shown in Fig 4. In the second stage, different
controllers have been implemented in the system to
improve its performance as shown previously in Fig 2. The
Fig. 2. Block Diagram of the WECS showing various controllers

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third stage comprises of the addition of the proposed
Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC) to the system to further bring
about improvements in the outputs of the complete system.
Fig 5 represents the system with the inclusion of the FLC. All
the stages of implementation and their corresponding results
are provided in detail in the following sections.
Fuzzy logic is a soft computing technique and can handle
non-linear characteristics and used for producing the
optimal output of a system. In a wind turbine generator,
there is a high non-linearity in the characteristics due to the
high wind variation from time to time. To overcome these,
the Fuzzy logic controller has been used in the MSC and
better results have been obtained. The FLC is added to the Fig. 6. Membership Function of the FLC
employed
circuit with the active power and wind speed as input.
The membership function that has been employed in this
work is shown in Fig 6. A. CASE I: Simulation without controllers
After the simulation is performed, the following graphs
show the output of the system in Stage I The graphs include
the torque, rotor speed, and active power of a wind turbine
generator against time as are shown in Figs 7 to 9.

Fig. 4. Blocks of WECS without any control mechanism

Fig. 7. Change in Active Power Output with

Time

Fig. 8. Change in Rotor Speed with Time

Fig. 5. Block Diagram of the WECS using a Fuzzy Logic
Controller
It is observed there is high oscillation in the results. The
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS speed oscillates in the range 0.95 to 1.07p.u.
approximately. The range of torque variation is from -600
The WECS is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environ- to 800 p.u. The range of variation of power is from -800 to
ment with a 1.5MW, 690V induction generator. The grid 790 approximately.
is assumed to be at 11kV, 50Hz. The results of various
simulations are presented in this section.

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 C. CASE III: Simulation with proposed FLC controller
After the incorporation of the FLC in addition to the
MSC, the system shows better performance as compared to
the cases mentioned above. The figures 15 to 19 show the
results of performance with FLC controller. With the FLC
the oscillations of torque have decreased substantially. The
control of the overall system has considerably improved.
Similar improvements can be observed with the rotor speed
and power. The non-linearity of power vs wind speed has
reduced to a great extent. Table I gives a comparative value
Fig. 9. Change in Torque with Time
of the parameters in all the cases.

B. CASE II: Simulation with controllers (MSC)

The graph from Figs 10 to 14 show the performance
of the system when the system in Fig 3 is executed in
MATLAB/Simulink. After the incorporation of the MSC,
the oscillations in the output of the generator have
decreased to a great extent. The oscillation in the speed
curve has reduced and ranges from 0.96 to 1.035 p.u. The
oscillations of torque have reduced, and the range is from -
650 to 650. The power output varies from -700 to 600 thus
showing that the oscillations have greatly reduced as
compared to the situation with no controller at all.
Fig. 12. Change in Rotor Speed with Time (with MSC)

Fig. 10. Change in Active Power Output with Time (with Fig. 13. Change in Rotor speed with Wind speed (with MSC)
MSC)

Fig. 11. Change in Power with Wind speed (with MSC) Fig. 14. Change in Torque with Time (with MSC)

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 Fig. 15. Change in Active Power with Time (with FLC)

Fig. 19. Change in Torque with Time (with FLC)

CONCLUSION

WECS acting alone without any control strategy gives a

highly oscillatory output. After the addition of
controllers for regulating the rotor speed, torque, and
power, the response of the entire system improves and
oscillations come down. But for practical purposes, the
Fig. 16. Change in Rotor Speed with Time (with FLC)
stability of the system needs to improve further. After
the addition of the Fuzzy Logic Controller proposed in
the paper, the response becomes even better and thus it
can be concluded that the proposed FLC gives promising
results
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