Finishing Construction Works

Level-II
Based on March 2021, Curriculum Version I

Module Title: - Installing &finishing fixed

Plasterboard
Module code: EIS ID2 M08 0822
Nominal duration: 60 Hour

Prepared by: Ministry of Labor and Skill August, 2022

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

1|Page
 Table of Content

Table of Content.......................................................................................................................2
Acknowledgment......................................................................................................................4
Introduction to the Module.....................................................................................................6
Unit One: Plan and prepare...................................................................................................7
1.1 Work instructions..............................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Plan............................................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Specification..............................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Quality requirements.....................................................................................................8
1.2 Safety requirements, tools and equipment........................................................................8
1.2.1 Occupational health and safety (OHS)......................................................................9
1.3 Signage/barricade requirements....................................................................................22
1.3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................22
1.3.2 Tools and equipment................................................................................................23
1.4 Calculate material quantity requirements......................................................................26
1.4.1 Calculate the amount of plasterboard......................................................................26
1.5 Environmental protection requirements.........................................................................27
1.5.1 Environmental protection........................................................................................28
1.6 Select base coat, cements and tapes...............................................................................30
1.4.1 Fiber Base Coat (FBC)............................................................................................30
Self check-1.............................................................................................................................32
Operation Sheet-1.1 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard.....................................34
LAP Test 1..............................................................................................................................35
Unit Two: Install and fix plasterboard...............................................................................36
2.1 Measure and mark Materials.........................................................................................37
2.1.1 How to Measure Up for Ordering............................................................................37
2.1.2 Quantity, quality and sizes of standard and/or specialist.........................................37
2.1.3 Manufactured proprietary boards.............................................................................37
2.1.4 Fixtures and fittings.................................................................................................38
2.1.5 Jointing materials.....................................................................................................38

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 2.2. Cut and specify to fit Boards.........................................................................................39
2.2.1 Cutting plaster boards..............................................................................................39
2.3 Fix boards to specified locations with mechanical fastenings..................................41
2.3.1 Fixing the Plasterboard............................................................................................41
2.4 Relevant Ethiopian Standards and specifications.....................................................43
2.5 Joint and finish of plasterboard.....................................................................................44
2.5.1 Jointing.....................................................................................................................44
Self-Check 2............................................................................................................................46
Operation Sheet-2.1 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard.....................................47
Operation Sheet-2.2 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard.....................................48
Operation Sheet-2.3 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard.....................................49
LAP Test 2.2...........................................................................................................................50
Unit Three: Finish joins........................................................................................................51
3.1 Finish techniques to joint system....................................................................................52
3.1.1 Jointing and finishing of plasterboard.....................................................................53
3.1.2 Tools and Equipment...............................................................................................54
3.2 Minimize finish problems...............................................................................................63
3.3 Finish joins& work meet specifications.........................................................................65
3.3.1 Checking completing work meet specification........................................................66
Self-Check -3...........................................................................................................................70
OPERATION SHEET 3.1Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard............................71
LAP Test -3.1..........................................................................................................................72
Unit Four: Clean up..............................................................................................................73
4.1 Clean site........................................................................................................................74
4.2 Remove non-toxic materials...........................................................................................74
4.3 Dust suppression procedure...........................................................................................75
4.4 Maintain tools and equipment’s.....................................................................................77
4.4.1 Tools and Equipment...............................................................................................77
4.4.2 Checking and maintenance......................................................................................78
Self-Check 4............................................................................................................................80
OPERATION SHEET 4.1Installing and fixing fixed plasterboard..................................82
LAP Test 4.1...........................................................................................................................83
Reference..................................................................................................................................84

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Acknowledgment

Ministry of Labor and Skills wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many
representatives of TVET instructors and respective industry experts who donated their time
and expertise to the development of this Teaching, Training and Learning Materials (TTLM).

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Acronym
PPE personal protective equipment
FBC Fiber Base Coat
OHS Occupational health and safety
SQCSs Statements on Quality Control Standards
ESA Ethiopian Standards Agency
SQCSs Statements on Quality Control Standards
QC Quality control
QA Quality assurance
MDF Medium density fiberboard
HA Highway contracting agency

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Introduction to the Module

In Installing & Finishing fixed Plasterboard helps to know Plan and prepare, Install and fix
plasterboard, Finish joins and clean up in finishing construction work. This module covers skills,
knowledge and attitudes required to install and finish plasterboard manually and mechanically.
This module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the finishing construction
work occupational standard, particularly for the unit of competency: Installing & Finishing
fixed Plasterboard
This module covers the units:
 Plan and prepare
 Install and fix plasterboard
 Finish joins
 Clean up
Learning Objective of the Module
 Apply Plan and prepare
 Installing and fixing plasterboard
 Finishing joins
 Clean up
Module Instruction
For effective use this modules trainees are expected to follow the following module
instruction:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below
3. Read the information written in the information Sheet
4. Accomplish the Self-check
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the Self-check proceed to Operation
Sheet
6. Do the “LAP test”

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1.1 Work instructions

Unit One: Plan and prepare

This unit is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following
content coverage and topics:
 Work instructions
 Safety requirements
 Signage/barricade, tools & equipment
 Calculate material quantity requirements
 Environmental protection requirements
 Select base coat, cements and tapes
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Obtain, confirm and apply work instructions, including plans, specifications, quality
requirements and operational details.
 Follow Safety requirements in accordance with safety plans and policies
 Identify and implement Signage/barricade requirements.
 Tools and equipment select to carry out tasks are consistent with the requirements of the
job, check for serviceability and any faults are rectify or report prior to commencement
 Calculate material quantity requirements in accordance with plans and/or specifications
 Identify environmental protection requirements for the project in accordance with
environmental plans and regulatory obligations and apply.
 Select base coat, cements and tapes compatible with system performance from
manufacturer specifications

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1.1.3 Quality requirements 1.2 Safety requirements, tools and equipment
Introduction: -In construction site identifies plan location and specification according to work
instructions techniques. A work instruction is a document that provides specific instructions to
carry out any activity. It’s a step by step guide to perform a single instruction. A work
instruction contains more detail than a procedure and is only created if detailed step by step
instructions are needed.
1.1.1 Plan
A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details
omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.
The plans for many important buildings were once publicly available. A set of intended
actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal. He didn't really
have a plan; he had a goal and a habit of control. A two-dimensional drawing of a building as
seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a
building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.
1.1.2 Specification
Specification is defined as the designation or statement by which written instructions are given
distinguishing and/or limiting and describing the particular trade of work to be executed. In
short specification is a statement of particular instructions of how to execute some task.
Specification is one of the contract documents.
Specifications are written based on the prepared design, drawings, general and scientific trends
of workmanship, quality expected equipment involved and materials to be used for the
particular trade of work.

Quality planning documents are used by organizations to ensure that quality at the highest level,
quality goals and plans should be integrated with overall strategic to applicable standards,
practices, procedures, and work instructions, Quality in construction industry can be defined as
the attainment of acceptable levels of performance from construction activities. This
performance would be attained when the activity meets the requirements of client or owners

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1.2.1 Occupational health and safety (OHS)
Occupational health and safety (OHS) relate to health, safety, and welfare issues in the
workplace. OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the
workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and other
stakeholders.

1.2.1.1 Protective clothing and equipment

An important aspect in the construction site is following safety to protect the work force from
danger and to keep materials, tools and equipment’s from damage.
Benefits of a construction safety program;
 Allow workers to go home safely at the end of the work day;
 Increase productivity;
 Provide higher profit margin for the company;
 Provide lower insurance costs;
 Enhance the company reputation;
 Offer better personnel policy;
 Support compliance with the law;
Personal Safety
Using personal protection and safety equipment as required by the organization;
Types of PPE (personal protective equipment)
Helmet
It is used to Protects the carrier from down falling items. It should be a must for everybody
who works or moves on a building site.

Fig.1.1 Helmet

Ear protection
- It is used to protect the carrier from damages of the ears. Continuously working in a very
noisy environment harms the eardrums forever. Once the eardrums are damaged there is no
way of restoring the sense of hearing again.

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 Fig. 1.2 Ear Protection
Safety boots
- Safety boots are equipped with three safety measures. It must have:
❖ Toes protection hood
A steel hood to protect the toes from down falling heavy thing
❖ A steel layer inside the soles protects the carrier from stepping into a tuned up nail.
❖ Benzene and oil resistant soles

Fig.1.3 Safety boots

Safety goggles
- It is used to Protects the carrier from down falling items. It should be a must for everybody
who works or moves on a building site.

Fig.1.4 Safety goggles

Knee pads
It used to protect the knees during long time kneeling.

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Fig.1.5 Knee pads
Gloves
It used to protect the hands from the aggressive attack of the cement, very important.

Fig.1.6 Gloves
2 Over All: - Protects the inner clothes of the worker from dust and other spoiling materials.
Fig.1.7 Over all

Rubber Boots: - Protects the workers’ feet from cold, chemicals and mud in the working area.

Fig.1.8 Rubber boot

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1.2 Use of tools and equipment
Safety Belt: - Secure the laborers working in a place where the construction is done at high
level using safety belt on net.

Fig.1.9 Safety belt

The importance of using the right tool for the job. Each tool is precisely designed for a specific
purpose, so choosing the correct tool will also decrease the amount of effort required to get a
job done right without causing damage to either the equipment or the surface being worked.
Materials, tools and equipment
Measuring Hand tools and instruments are precise devices but needed to be handled with extra
care, e.g. Spirit level should be checked every day before use.
Spirit level:-It is used to control the horizontal and vertical alignment of wall surface and
edges. The length is at least 40, 80 to 120cm long. It is made of metal, synthetic material or
wood. It has two measuring bubbles: one is located at mid length is used to check horizontal
positions. While the second one, at the end, is used to check vertical position. This tool
requires always to be handled with care and needs to be checked from time to time weather it
is still working accurate or not.

1.10 Spirit level

Plumb bob:-A plum bob is made of metal. When suspended from a vertically attached string,
it is employed to check the vertical alignment of corners and surface of walls. A freely hanging
plumb bob gives exactly the vertical alignment, because any undisturbed freely hanging mass
points to the centre of the earth.

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Plumb bob for vertical marking & leveling

Fig. 1.11Plumb bob

Graphite pencil :-This is used for marking in wall construction. It is specially produced for
this purpose in such a way that it will not wear out fast.

Fig.1.12 Graphite pencil

Folding meter/rule-2/:- For measuring length in wall construction, it is convenient to use rigid
scales. Such a measuring scale/folding rule/ismadeof20cm separate wood joined together by
pins.
The scale has subdivisions in cm and mm.

Fig.1.13 Folding meter

Hose level:-It is a transparent PVC hose. It is used to transfer or mark vertical levels on
surface of wall when it is filled with water, but without any air bubbles. The water level in
each end of the hose is equal. It is an instrument to mark equal levels on site. It is very accurate
but not eases to handle.

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Fig. 1.14 Hose level to transfer meter score edge

Nylon line, string

It marks the base line on the floor or wall and as the line for every single row to be laid.

Fig.1.15Mason line (fish line)

Angle / Try square

It is used to measure a right angle (90º) of a corner. Used in laying masonry units or blocks at
corners of masonry wall.

Fig.1.16 Try square

Measuring tape
Tape is used to measure dimensions of building parts and distances in site. It is manufactured
from steel, plastic or fibre in lengths of 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 30m, etc. and 50m. In using tapes for
measurements, the two points should be aligned perfectly. In addition, when long horizontal

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measurements are needed, care should be taken to avoid sag on the tape meters.

Fig.1.17Measuring tape

Proper adjustment of measuring tape

Plastering Tools
Mason trowel
This is a tool, which every tile layer needs. Used for picking up mortar out of the barrel,
spreading mortar on the tile, the handle is used to knock the tile gently into place and compact
the mortar.
Mason trowel

Fig. 1.18 different kinds of trowels

Swiss float

Wooden float

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For scoring the plastered surface in the last coat.
Felt rubbing board
To smoothen the last coat of the plaster.

Sponge board
To smoothen the last coat of the plaster.

Smoothing trowel

Plastic float
For smoothing the last coat and scoring
mineral plaster.

Fig. 1.19 different types of floats

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Chisel
Cutting into concrete, blocks and plaster. Cold chisels are
available in different sizes and are used together with a
club hammer and to remove extended material.

Fig.1.20 chisel

Mortar barrel/ drum

To prepare the mortar to the right

consistence, keep it workable and clean.

Fig.1.21 Mortar drum

Bucket

A Bucket is used to serve small amount of

water or material and to take the tools after
work.

Fig.1.22Bucket

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Brush and Broom

Used for cleaning the joints of the tiles and to clean the tools. Multipurpose tool

Fig.1.23 Plasterers brush

Sponge
To clean tiles after scratching and booming, and to clean the tools after work

Fig.1.24 Sponge
Plastering hooks
To fix boards or battens on the wall.

Fig.1.25 Plastering hook

Fi
g.1.26 Plastering nail

1.2.1.3 Workplace environment and safety

A healthy work environment is about more than being safe. A Healthy workplace is one where
employees in addition to feeling secure and enjoying a safe physical work environment; feel

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recognized for the work they do. enjoy a positive social environment that encourages respect,
fosters a sense of belonging and purpose.
Handling of materials
Stacks of gypsum panel products are very heavy and can become unstable if proper stacking
and handling procedures are not followed. Workers shall always be extremely careful when
stacking or working in an area where gypsum panel products are stacked.
For example, a 4 ft. (1220 mm) wide by 12 ft. (3660 mm) long by 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) thick
gypsum board can weigh over 80 pounds (36kg); this means a stack of only 25 of these boards
weighs over a ton (900 kg). Heavy equipment is frequently used to move, stack, load, stock, or
otherwise handle gypsum panel products. Only trained, qualified, and properly certified drivers
may operate this equipment. Suitable safety measures shall always be followed when operating
or working around these machines.
Procedures and techniques presented in this guide shall be followed to handle gypsum panel
products properly. Workers who are inexperienced in using any of the tools or equipment in
the procedures described, or are uncertain about the safety of these procedures for a particular
activity or undertaking, shall consult with someone who is skilled or certified in this area of
work before beginning. Seeking help from a more experienced worker or supervisor when
uncertain about proper safety measures can safeguard against possible injury. Time, material,
property, and equipment can also be preserved. Safe work practices can make the job easier
and more enjoyable as well as help prevent harmful and costly accidents. Remember and
follow the safety tips below while handling gypsum panel products.
 Work in pairs whenever possible.
 Lift carefully with good techniques by using the legs, not the back.
 Stack gypsum panel products flat – not on edge or end.
 Wear a dust mask when conditions warrant.
 Ground electrical power tools properly.
 Select and use the correct tool for each job.
 Ensure that all tools are in good repair.
 Protect eyes with safety glasses or goggles when necessary.
 Proceed at a deliberate but steady pace.
 Always take precautions and time to make sure the work is done safely.
 Wear other personal protective devices and clothing such as a hard hat, gloves,
safety shoes, etc.
Storage

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 Gypsum panel products shall be stored in a warehouse or other suitable structure where they
will not be exposed to inclement weather or to temperatures that frequently exceed 125°F
(52°C).
 Stacks of gypsum panel products shall be stored supported evenly on a firm, dry, level,
and structurally sound floor.
 Stacks of gypsum panel products shall be limited to a maximum height of 17 feet(5 m).
 Gypsum panel products shall always be stored flat.
 Gypsum panel products shall not be stored in areas of excessive humidity nor shall they
be stored beneath overhead equipment which may have a tendency to drip grease, oil, or
water.
 Gypsum panel products shall not be left in heavy traffic areas or where they can be
damaged by lift trucks and other warehouse equipment, nor shall they be stored at aisle
intersections. If panels are stored at aisle junctions because of absolute necessity, corner
protectors constructed of sheet metal or similar suitable materials shall be used.
 Exposure of gypsum panel products to rain and other high moisture levels may result in
water stains, discoloration, mold, paper delimitation, and sag.
 This sensitivity of most gypsum panel products to adverse moisture conditions requires
that gypsum panel products NOT be stored outdoors without complete protection from
the weather.
 The plastic covering provided for product protection during shipment on rail flatcars or
flatbed trucks is not suitable for storage of the gypsum panels and shall be removed
upon arrival at the destination prior to warehouse storage.
 Failure to remove this plastic covering can result in damage to the gypsum panels due to
moisture, condensation, wet product, and/or mold.
 The Gypsum Association does NOT recommend outside storage of gypsum panel
products

1.2.1.4 Use of firefighting equipment

Firefighting equipment is equipment designed to extinguish fires or protect the user from fire.
Firefighting equipment includes not only fire hoses and fire extinguishers but also fire-resistant
protective clothing, fire-resistant gloves, respirators, and communication equipment.
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion,

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 releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. The flame is the visible portion of the fire.
If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma.
Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the
fire's intensity will be different.

1.2.1.5 Organizational first aid

When hazards were happened that is: -
 If plaster compound or dust comes into contact with the eyes wash eyes
thoroughly with water.
 If plaster compound or dust comes into contact with skin wash skin thoroughly
with soap and water.
 If dust is inhaled move to a fresh air environment.
 If plastering compound or dust is ingested drink plenty of water.

1.2.1.6 Hazard control and hazardous materials and substances

WHS legislation in New South Wales requires that PCBUs, in consultation with workers
identify all potentially hazardous things or situations that may cause harm. In general, hazards
are likely to be found in the following;
 Physical work environment,
 Equipment, materials or substances used,
 Work tasks and how they are performed,
 Work design and management
In order to identify hazards, the following are recommended:
I. Past incidents/accidents are examined to see what happened and whether the
incident/accident could occur again.
II. Employees be consulted to find out what they consider are safety issues, I.e. ask workers
about hazards near misses they have encountered as part of their work.
Sometimes a survey or questionnaire can assist workers to provide information about
workplace hazards.
III. Work areas or work sites be inspected or examined to find out what is happening now.
Identified hazards should be documented to allow further action. The work environment, tool
and equipment as well as tasks and procedures should be examined for risks to WHS.
IV. Information about equipment (e.g. plant, operating instructions) and Material
Safety Data Sheets be reviewed to determine relevant safety precautions.

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1.3 Signage/barricade requirements

1.3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A variety of situations exist at Council worksites where barricading and/or safety signage are
required. Barricading and safety signage draw attention to hazardous objects and situations that
may affect health and safety, reducing the potential of injury to personnel and damage to
property. Examples include warning tape, mesh barrier, road barriers, traffic control signs,
emergency signage, mandatory PPE signs and precautionary signage.
Barricading and safety signage

 When there are no other practical control measures available to control a
hazard;
 As an interim measure until a more effective way of controlling the risk can be
used or the hazard is no longer present; and
 As a secondary control measure to supplement higher level control measures.
The type and number of barricading or safety signage erected must be assessed adequately and
positioned to be suitable for the intended purpose.
Barricading Requirements
Barricading is one of the risk control measures used to protect personnel from hazard such as:
 Being struck by falling objects, material movements or plant;
 Fall from height, including falling into open excavations or penetrations;
 Fall from unprotected edges (e.g. removed flooring, walkways, stairs and handrails);
 Exposure to hazardous substances, process or activities;
 Unauthorized entry into a confined space or other restricted work areas; and
 Any potentially hazardous work processes, such as hot works, demolition work,
scaffolding, radiation work and work involving asbestos.
Barricading may also be used as part of incident management and emergency response
procedures.
Selection of Barricade
The following factors are to be considered as part of a risk assessment when selecting the type
of barricade (soft or hard):
 Risk associated with the hazard;
 Required strength of the barrier (e.g. impact potential); and

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  The amount of clearance provided from the hazard by the barricade.
Barricading shall be used to manage the risk of fall from height greater than two meters and
excavations greater than 1.5 meters deep.
All barricading shall be designed, installed and used in accordance with the relevant
Australian Standards and the recommendations of the manufacturer. Where barricades are
supported by star pickets, the star pickets shall be protected by using a suitable cap fitted to the
star pickets.
Erection and Use of Barricade
The barricade shall be placed so that the whole area affected by the hazard is appropriately
identified, taking the following factors into account:
 Distance to/from the hazard;
 Possible movement of an object inside the barricade if it falls;
 Access and egress; and
 Sparks or slag generated from hot work activities.
An appropriate sign shall be affixed to barricades at all access points, indicating the following:
 The hazards present within the barricaded area; and
 The name and contact details of the person in charge of the barricaded area.

1.3.2 Tools and equipment

1.3.2.1Tools Selection
Selection of appropriate tools is important for drywall installation. Tools used should be of
good quality and properly maintained. They should be checked and cleaned on a daily basis.
Tools should be stored in a dry and safe place.
Selecting the Right Tool
Before you select a tool, think about the job you will be doing. Tools are designed for specific
Purposes.
Using a tool for something other than its intended purpose often damages the tool and could
Cause you pain, discomfort, or injury. You reduce your chances of being injured when you
select a tool that fits the job you will be doing. Examples include the following:
 A job requiring cutting, pinching and gripping will require hand tools like pliers, snips
and cutters.
 A job requiring you to strike something will require a hammer.
 A job requiring you to drive or turn something will require screw ornate drivers and
wrenches.

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What is the Best Tool?
The best tool does the following:
 fits the job you are doing
 fits the work space available
 reduces the force you need to apply
 fits your hand
 can be used in a comfortable work position
 does not require you to raise or extend the elbows (heavy tools)
Equipment
Most of the construction projects involve laborious work which is to be handled by men and
the equipment designed for doing the work undersigned.
It is difficult for workers to accomplish all things in a project and so there comes the need for
machines particularly the construction equipment (machinery) that is widely used nowadays
almost everywhere in the world.
For speedy and economic construction of a project, proper choice of equipment is of
preliminary importance for civil engineers. The versatile range of equipment available
commercially involves the decision of people. There are few basic things that are considered in
selection of suitable equipment.
They are as follows:
Use of Available Construction Equipment:
Where the full utilization of new equipment for its entire working life is not foreseen, or its
utilization on further projects is uncertain, it may be desirable to use existing old equipment
even if its operation is somewhat more expensive. The depreciation cost of the new machine is
likely to be high, and this would raise the owning cost of the equipment and thus the unit cost
of work.
Suitability for Job Conditions:
The equipment chosen should suit the conditions of the job, soil, valley, working conditions
and climate of the region.
Uniformity in Type:
A minimum number of types should be acquired so that there is uniformity in the type of
equipment on a job. A common type of engine should be selected for the different type’s
machines such as excavators, dump trucks, tractors and scrapers that are on the project.
Size of Construction Equipment:
Larger equipment gives higher output on full load, but its cost of production on part load is

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usually greater than that of smaller units working on full load. Larger equipment needs
correspondingly larger size of matching units, and shutting down of one primary unit may
render several other large units idle.
Transportation to works is generally difficult and costly. Servicing, maintenance and repair
facilities have to be greater for larger units. However, larger machines are usually sturdier and
more suitable for tough working conditions.
It is desirable to have equipment of same size on the project. With standbys, the cost of larger
size standby equipment is more than that of smaller size.

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1.4 Calculate material quantity requirements
1.4.1 Calculate the amount of plasterboard
Calculate the amount of plasterboard needed from square meters of an area that needs to be
Plasterboard Materials

Plaster board coverage areas & approximate fixing & compound requirements are give n in the
following table

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1.5 Environmental protection
Table:1.2 FIXING requirements
AND JOINTING COMPOUNDSper100m2 of PLASTERBOARD

FRAME SPACING WALL CEILING

600MM 450MM 600MM 450MM

FIXING METHOD

NAILS ONLY 1250 1490 N/A N/A

840 870 N/A N/A
NAILS&ADHESIVE 2.9KG 4.3KG N/A N/A
STUD STUD
ADHESIVE ADHESIVE
SCREWS ONLY 910 1050 1010 1210
SCRIEWS & 700 750 800* 900*
ADHESIVE 2.9KGSTUD 4.3KGSTUD 2.9KGSTUD 4.3KGSTUD
ADHESIVE ADHESIVE ADHESIVE ADHESIVE

The Calculation
1. The area that needs to be boarded measured in square meters
2. The size of board you are using measured in millimeters
3. Waste factor in a percentage
Results
1. Number of plasterboard's needed
2. Number of boards including waste factor
3. Tape needed in lineal meters of tape
4. Number of screws needed
5. Lightweight all-purpose compound in liters

1.5.1 Environmental protection

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 Health and safety
 -For information regarding the safe use of USG Boral products and accessories please
refer to instructions on the product packaging or contact your local USG Boral Sales
Office or for a current copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet
 It is the works of project protect d/f hazards to environmental protection. There are d/f
mechanisms environmental protections
 Health welfare
 Protect noise the environment
 Protect d/t hazards are: physical hazard, mechanical hazard& chemical hazards etc.
One issue associated with this definition is whether ‘eco-systems and their constituent parts’
include humans and communities, or whether environmental protection is only concerned with
the protection of natural capital.
From an ecological perspective, humans are regarded as an integral part of the ecosystem.
Separating humanity from the natural environment can therefore be seen as artificial. While this
is true, the phrase environmental protection is not used to refer to measures that are designed to
regulate or mediate direct interaction between people. For example, laws prohibiting assault are
not regarded as environmental protection measures.
Environmental protection is concerned with the relationship between people and the natural
environment rather than the relationships between people and communities
What Is Environmental Protection
Environmental protection can be defined as the prevention of unwanted changes to ecosystems
and their constituent parts. This includes:-
 The protection of ecosystems and their constituent parts from changes associated with
human activities; and
 The prevention of unwanted natural changes to ecosystems and their constituent parts.
One issue associated with this definition is whether ‘eco-systems and their constituent parts’
include humans and communities, or whether environmental protection is only concerned with
the protection of natural capital. From an ecological perspective, humans are regarded as an
integral part of the ecosystem. Separating humanity from the natural environment can therefore
be seen as artificial. While this is true, the phrase environmental protection is not used to refer
to measures that are designed to regulate or mediate direct interaction between people. For
example, laws prohibiting assault are not regarded as environmental protection measures.
Environmental protection is concerned with the relationship between people and the natural
environment rather than the relationships between people and communities

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1.6 Select base coat, cements and tapes

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1.4.1 Fiber Base Coat (FBC)
Is a dry, pre-blended cement based stucco engineered with proprietary admixtures and fibers
that are computer batched for consistency and performance un matched by traditional field
mixed stucco. SPEC MIX FBC has a custom blended sand gradation that increases the wall
flexural strength while reducing cracking and crazing. The custom sand gradation also
provides excellent workability and finishing properties for the applicator over a traditional
field-mixed source.
Designed for both One Coat and traditional Scratch & Brown Coat systems, SPEC MIX FBC
reduces shrinkage and increases long term durability and bond strength of the application.
When gun or hand applied by a qualified applicator, SPEC MIX FBC is approved by Intertek
as a one-hour fire rated wall when applied as a One Coat application, CCRR-0231. Submittals
are available upon request for certification to applicable ASTM standards.
What separates SPEC MIX Fiber Base Coat from other stucco products is our international
team of manufacturers providing sophisticated batching facilities ensuring SPEC MIX FBC’s
total product quality control. No matter if the project is a single-family home, multi-family
complex or a commercial building, quality assurance and applicator satisfaction is our
objective.
Raw material selection is another key to making SPEC MIX FBC the industry’s top
performing pre blended stucco. SPEC MIX manufacturers consistently select and blend the
finest raw materials available to eliminate contaminants entering the mixture that can lead to
efflorescence, color variations, sagging and low strength. Because the quality of stucco sand
varies from source to source, SPEC MIX product engineers uniquely focus on sands that
comply with ASTM standards. Since the sand makes up as much as 70 percent of the final mix,
using the best possible aggregates is imperative to manufacturing a high performance product.
When the pre blended SPEC MIX FBC is mixed and applied, the end result is a stucco wall
with a tensile strength that reduces the risk of cracking and crazing in the system. As for
application, the plasterer is equipped with a mix that provides superb workability and excellent
finishing properties.
When contractors combine a SPEC MIX silo delivery system with SPEC MIX FBC stucco
production on their job site, material quality and consistency, as well as the level of efficiency
and productivity gained, cannot be equaled by traditional field-mixing methods. Unlike field
mixed stucco, there is no room for error with SPEC MIX FBC—just add water and mix as
instructed, no other materials need to be added. While traditional field-mixing methods can
lead to inconsistent product, testing issues, wasted labor and materials as well as poor

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productivity, the SPEC MIX system increases product quality, cuts waste and risk of back
injury while improving material production by as much as 50 percent.
SPEC MIX is an innovator in pre blended stucco development. For over 20 years SPEC MIX
has lead the pre-blended construction products industry with this type of innovation and by
meeting these three objectives for all our professional products: Quality. Consistency.
Efficiency. If the brand says SPEC MIX you are assured it delivers on all three.

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Self check-1

Directions 1: Choose the best answer for the following questions.

1. ________ defined as the designation or statement by which written instructions are given
distinguishing and/or limiting and describing the particular trade of work to be executed?
A. Plan C. manufacture specification
B. Specification D. all
2 ----------------the attainment of acceptable levels of performance from construction activities.
A. Product specification C. Quality
B. Specification D. all
3. ___________ is one of the risk control measures used to protect personnel
from hazard.
A. Barricade C. Hazard
B. Safety D. All
4. Barricading and safety signage shall be used as a secondary control measure
to supplement higher level control measures. (2 pointe)
A. True B. False
5. _______________ is used to protect the carrier from damages of the ears. (5 points)
A. Helmet C. Ear protection
B. Glove D. All
6. ___________ is equipment designed to extinguish fires or protect the user from fire.
A. Firefighting equipment C. Tools
B. Overall D. All
8. The best tool does follow
a. fits the job you are doing b. fits the work space available
c. reduces the force you need to apply d. All
Test-I Matching
Instruction: select the correct answer for the give choice. You have given 1 Minute for each
question. Each question carries 2 Point.
A B
---------1. Fiber Base Coat A. Dry, pre-blended cement
---------2. Best Tool B. Fits the job you are doing

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 ---------3. Barricading C. Risk control measures
---------4. Plan D. drawing showing technical
details
---------5. Rubber Boots E. Protects the workers’ feet from
cold, chemicals
F. protect the carrier from
damages

Directions 2: Answer all the questions listed below.

1. List out the purposes of Calculate the amount of plasterboard. (5 points

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Operation Sheet-1.1 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard

Operation title: Plane and prepare

Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required in cutting sheet the size
finishing construction work filed and its components
Instruction: Use the given tools and equipment measure the size of the finishing filed. For this
operation you have given 3Hour and you are expected to provide the answer on the given table.
Tools and requirement:
1. This operation sheet
2. Screw adhesive
3. Brush
4. Meter
Precautions: Measure at least three times before recording the result on the given format
Procedures in doing the task
1. apply OHS rules(how can they apply
2. read and interpret working drawing
2. 1.To know Abbreviation & Symbols
2.2 . .To know Specifications
3. Identify use of tools & materials
4. measuring & mixing materials
PRECAUTIONS:-
Wear working cloth and shoes which properly fit with your body
Make working area hazard free
QUALITY CRITERIA:
Assured planning and preparing for the work are performed according to the given guide
below:
 use standard material & specification
 use the correct proportion system
 working the project based on dimension

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 LAP Test 1
LAP Test 1.1 Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions: Given necessary templates /guide, workshop, tools and materials you are
required to perform the following tasks.
Task1 Plan and prepare

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Unit Two: Install and fix plasterboard
This unit to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage
and topics:
 Measure and mark Materials
 Cut and specify to fit Boards
 Fix boards to specified locations with mechanical fastenings.
 Relevant Ethiopian Standards and specifications
 Joint and finish of plasterboard
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:-
 Measure and mark materials for ensure compliance with work requirements and
minimal wastage.
 Cut boards to fit specific locations with clearance to manufacturers’ specifications.
 Fix to specify Boards of locations with mechanical fastenings to manufacturers’
specifications and relevant standards.
 Carry out the all work to manufacturers’ specifications and relevant Ethiopian
Standards.
 Complete the Joint and finish of plasterboard in accordance with manufacturers’
specifications

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2.1 Measure and mark Materials

2.1.1 How to Measure Up for Ordering

1. Draw a diagram of each room opened up like a shoebox. You don’t have to draw it to scale.
Just mark all the measurements on it, including windows and doors.
2. Take your diagram along to your Gyprock™ plasterboard supplier. They will help you work
out how many sheets of plasterboard, lengths of cornice, and quantities of accessories you will
need.
Components and equipment relating to types
Basically, there are three major components in every system, namely input, processing and
output. In a system the different components are connected with each other and they are
interdependent. For example, human body represents a complete natural system.
2.1.2 Quantity, quality and sizes of standard and/or specialist
What is a quality control standard?
Statements on Quality Control Standards (SQCSs) are issued by the ASB. Firms that are
enrolled in an AICPA-approved practice-monitoring program are obligated to adhere to quality
control standards established by the AICPA.
What is a QC checklist? The most important document QC staff use to inspect a product is the
quality control, or QC, checklist. QC checklists serve as a guide for your inspector during
inspection, providing details related to product requirements, on-site testing, packaging and
more. What are quality checking procedures?
Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured
product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the
requirements of the client or customer. QC is similar to, but not identical with, quality
assurance (QA).
2.1.3 Manufactured proprietary boards
Manufactured Boards
Manufactured or man-made boards - are made from wood products and have new/different
properties to the wood they were made from. Board sizes are 8ft x 4 ft. (2440 x 1220 mm). The
main types of manufactured boards are: - MDF (medium density fiberboard) made by a
process which glues wood fiber together using heat and pressure. The boards are smooth and
strong. They are resistant to warping. They have a layered structure which makes fixing to the
edges difficult. MDF is a board used industrially for the production of furniture (especially

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 shelves and cupboards). Special fixings have been designed to enable MDF to be joined
effectively. Dowel joints can be used. The router can be used to cut rebates and housing joints,
which work well on MDF. Dust is a problem when working with MDF, dust extraction
systems should be used when machining it. Face masks can also be used to reduce the
problem.
MDF is available in a range of thicknesses, 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12mm, 15mm, and 18mm.
Plywood is made from layers of thin wood glued together at 90 degrees to each other; this
makes plywood very strong as it cannot split along the grain like solid timber. If waterproof
glue is used the plywood can be used in damp or even wet conditions. Marine ply can
withstand sea water. Aero ply is made from three thin layers of birch and is only one mm thick
when bonded together; this ply was designed to be used on aero plane wings as it can be
curved so effectively. Available in a range 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12mm, 15mm
and 18mm. Chipboard is made from softwood chips glued together. It is a very cheap material
and is used to make kitchen worktops and carcass (cupboard shells) where it is laminated with
a melamine layer to give it a decorative and hardwearing finish. Usually available as 18mm
thick. Hardboard (particle board) is also used in furniture making usually as a back to a
shelving unit or cupboard. Usually available as 4 or 6mm thick. Block board is used to make
strong shelves. It is made from pieces of softwood in a sandwich with a thin layer of wood top
and bottom. Main board is similar but with thinner pieces of wood in the sandwich.
2.1.4 Fixtures and fittings
Framing
Framing Check Prior to installing plasterboard, a building should be thoroughly Checked to
ensure that:
• The framing is plumb, level and square
• Other trades have finished their ‘rough-ins’
• Noggins supporting services such as taps and cisterns do not protrude beyond the face of the
framing
• Plumbing and electrical services have been installed and do not protrude beyond the face of
the framing
• The area is weatherproof
• The spacing of studs, joists or battens takes into account the spacing required by the linings
given in the Frame Spacing table
• When the installation is completed, the plasterboard will comply with the required level of
finish.

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2.2. Cut and specify to fit Boards
2.1.5 Jointing materials
Type of Joint Materials Hairline cracks may appear over time particularly so after air-conditioning is in
use at drywall joints. Such cracks can be mitigated with proper installation and joint treatment. It is
recommended to provide joint materials (Figure 3.4a) to seal joint followed by the application of joint
compound (Figure 3.4b). This will control the movement between the boards and prevents cracks
from forming.
Types of Joint Materials Characteristic
1. Perforated paper tap  Embedded onto a bedding compound.
 Control shrinkage cracking at the wall board
joints Applicable for dry areas
2. Alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh tape  Used on its own.
 Self-adhesive backing allowing faster
application in the absence of bedding
compound
 Ideal when water resistance is a requirement •
Applicable for wet areas
 Control shrinkage cracking at joints
3. Glass fiber tissue  Serves as a reinforcing bridge for paint film,
covering hairline cracks that occur in the
plaster substrate
 Mitigates re-appearance of fine plaster cracks

2.2.1 Cutting plaster boards

Plasterboard is an undisputed favorite for wall and ceiling cladding: It offers excellent value
for money, optimal fi re protection and is easy to work with using the right tools. Plasterboard
comprises a plaster core covered with a special cardboard on both sides. For interior
construction, we recommend the ceiling-high format with a width of 125 cm or „one-man
boards “in 60 x 260 cm format. For damp rooms, you should use impregnated boards specially
designed for bathrooms.
Cutting plasterboard in 3 steps
The new plasterboard cutter makes cutting so much easier and saves you from continuously

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moving, turning and standing unwieldy boards on end. Extremely practical when you are
carrying out the work on your own.
1. Simply place the 100 cm long rail on the board, draw the carriage with cutting blade across
the cardboard and
2. Break the board by applying gradual, controlled pressure. Please do not strike the board as it
is important that the layer of cardboard remains intact.
3. You do not have to change the position of the board to cut the cardboard on the back. One
working step less to perform! Simply slide the carriage in the opposite direction, the integral
hook blade will then cut the second cardboard layer cleanly on the way back. The clean cut
will make subsequent jointing work much easier. The interchangeable standard blades are very
quick to replace. If necessary, the rail can be extended to 200 cm using a suitable extension.
Cutting Sheets
1. Mark the sheet to the length required.
2. Check the measurement again so you will only have to cut once!
3. Use a trimming knife to cut through the paper liner, using a straight edge or T-square.
Always cut the face (no printed) side first.
4. Push the off-cut side down and snap the sheet along the score line.
5. Cut along the fold line from the back of the sheet (printed side) and remove the off-cut.
6. Use a saw where intersecting cuts are needed, such as around openings.
7. Use a keyhole saw for openings such as arches and power points.
8. Drive the fastener heads just below the board surface, taking care not to break the face
paper. Nail or screw every 300mm, at sheet ends and around all doors, windows and
other openings.
9. Drive temporary nails or screws through a small plasterboard off-cut into every second
stud in the middle of the sheet to hold it tight while the adhesive dries. Remove after 24
hours.
NOTE: If sheets must be joined in length, butt joints may be used. For simplicity, fix each
sheet end to a stud with nails or screws at 150mm centers. Jointing should extend 500mm each
side of the joint to reduce joint visibility.

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2.3Fix boards to specified locations with mechanical
fastenings

2.3.1 Fixing the Plasterboard

There is plenty of information available on how to fix plasterboard. The key points to
remember are:
 Fix the plasterboard horizontally - This will ensure that joints are below eye-level and as
a result any imperfections are more difficult to see. Any glancing light from windows or
lights is less likely to show a shadow line if joints are finished slightly raised.
 Do not join sheets above the corners of windows or doors - this is where stresses from
applied loads and shrinkage are greatest and hence have a greater cracking risk. The best
method is to cut a full sheet around the windows. Failing this, joins should be made
nearer the center of the window.
 Screw and glue: By screwing only around the perimeter of the board and using glue to
fix the remaining areas of the board, the need to apply plaster over fixings in the middle
of the board is eliminated, leading to a much better finish for the board. Don’t fix
through the adhesive.
Fixing to Stud Walls
Check framing for alignment. Refer to the previous details.
1. Apply daubs of Gyprock™ Stud Adhesive about 25mm diameter and 15mm thickness,
about the size of a walnut, onto the studs at 300mm centers.
2. Start about 200mm from where the edge of the sheet will go. Don’t put adhesive on studs
at the ends of sheets, and keep adhesive at least 200mm from any nail or screw location.
3. Lift the sheet about 10mm from the floor, using off-cuts of plasterboard as packing.
4. Apply the Gyprock™ plasterboard horizontally. The recessed edges do not have to line up
with wall noggins.
5. Using nails or screws 10 to 16mm from sheet edges, fix one recessed edge at each stud.
Press the sheet firmly against the adhesive daubs and fix along the opposite edge.
Fixing to Ceilings
Check framing for straightness.
1. Apply ‘daubs’ of Gyprock Stud Adhesive about 25mm diameter and 15mm thickness,

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 about the size of a walnut, at 230mm maximum spacing.
2. Start about 200mm from where the end of the sheet will go and leave 200mm from the
center nails or screw location.
3. Install sheets at right angles to the joists, using a single length across the room if possible.
Nail or screw at 10 to 16mm from sheet edges, fixing one recessed edge to each joist. Press
the sheet firmly against the adhesive daubs and fix along the opposite edge.
4. Drive the fastener heads just below the board surface, taking care not to break the face
paper.
5. At the centerline of sheets, fasten to each joist with two nails 75mm apart or with a single
screw. Nail or screw every 200mm at sheet ends and around any openings.
6. Drive temporary nails or screws through small plasterboard off-cut, mid way between the
sheet centerline and edges, to hold sheets tight against joists while the adhesive dries (up to
48 hours).
NOTE: To place ceiling sheets in position against joists requires a lift by at least two people.
A good idea is to hire a mechanical plasterboard lifter.
Types of Fasteners
✓ Screws Corrosion-resistant screws
✓ Nails Corrosion-resistant nails

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Table 2.1 Types of Fasteners

2.4Relevant Ethiopian Standards and

specifications

Foreword
This Ethiopian Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee for
Biomass Cook Stove (101) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA). The
standard has been developed to address observed needs and to support the local industry in
order to make progress through upraising competitiveness and maintain comparative market
advantage both domestically and internationally. Information has been gathered from various
relevant sources in developing the technical specifications.
Specifications - the compilation of provisions and requirements for the performance of
prescribed work.
g. Standard Plans (Standard Detail Drawings) -drawings approved for repetitive use

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2.5 Joint and finish of plasterboard
showing details to be used where appropriate.
h. Standard Specifications - a book of specifications approved for general application and
repetitive use.
I. Supplemental Specifications - approved additions and revisions to the standard
specifications.
Background. The preparation of plans, specifications, and estimates (PS&E) for highway and
bridge construction projects is essential in order to facilitate construction, provide contract
control, estimate construction costs, and provide a uniform basis for bidding purposes. To
accomplish this, each highway contracting agency (HA) is encouraged to:
1. Develop plans and specifications for highway construction projects which:
A. Are complete and clear to the maximum extent practicable, and
B. Provide for uniformity of practice in contractual procedures and
relations.
use standard plans (standard detail drawings) and specifications to:
a) simplify and facilitate the interpretation and use of the project plans and specifications
by contractors and others performing the construction operations and furnishing
materials and equipment therefore, and
b) reduce duplication o f effort that would be required to produce sets of plans and
specifications that involve features and provisions that are a part of the majority of
construction projects.
Guidelines for development of plans and specifications will encourage nationwide uniformity
and consistency, and facilitate review and approval of project plans and specifications.

2.5.1 Jointing

Jointing is the process of covering and reinforcing the join between sheets to give a flush,
seamless appearance. Paper Tape is embedded into compound, and then covered with two
more layers of compound spread wide to each side of the joint. For external corners, a steel or
PVC reinforcing bead also set with compound is used for protection. Easy Tape is a self-
adhesive mesh that is stuck directly to the board and can be used where strength is not critical.
Recessed Joints
•For recessed joints use a three-coat system as follows.

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First Coat
1. Fill recess in plasterboard evenly and fully with Gyprock™ Total Joint Cement
or Multi-Purpose Joint Compound using a 150mm broad knife
2. Bed in Gyprock™ Paper Tape centrally over the joint and cover lightly with
compound
3. Cover all fastener heads.
4. Allow to dry and harden for at least 24 hours, until the compound appears dry.
Second Coat
1. When the tape coat is dry, sand off any lumps and apply a second coat, about 170mm
wide, finishing slightly above the board surface. Cover all fastener heads.
2. Smooth the joint edges with a trowel to remove any lip to reduce sanding.
Finishing Coat
1. When the second coat is dry, apply a thin finish coat over the previous coat, about 250mm
wide.
2. Smooth the joint edges with a trowel to remove any lip to reduce sanding.
3. Cover previously coated fastener heads with a third coat of compound, laid in a different
direction, extending beyond the previous coat by about 25mm.
4. Allow to dry and harden for at least 24 hours.
Sanding
1. Using the sandpaper and sanding float, carefully sand the joint to a smooth, even finish.
2. You will get best results by using a sanding float diagonally across the joint.
3. Avoid scuffing the paper face of the plasterboard where it meets the jointing cement.
4. using a 250mm broad knife apply a third coat of Compound about 250mm wide on both
sides of the corner. Ensure the compound is smooth and completely fills the surface to the
outer face of the protruding metal nib. Smooth the outer edges of the compound with a
broad knife to remove any ridge and to reduce sanding.
5. Allow at least 24 hours to completely dry. Sand smooth with 150 grit paper or 220 grit
sanding mesh. Take care not to scuff the paper face of the Gyprock™ plasterboard where it
meets the jointing compound.

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Self-Check 2

Written Test Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.

1. ___________ is the process of covering and reinforcing the join between sheets to give a
flush, seamless appearance.
A. Jointing C. Sanding B. plasterboard
D. All
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.
1. Carry out the all work to manufacturers’ specifications and relevant Ethiopian Standard? (5
points)
2. List out the three steps of Cutting plasterboard.
3. List at least six types of tools that are used to Measuring and marking Materials.
Test-I Matching

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Operation Sheet-2.1 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard
Instruction: select the correct answer for the give choice. You have given 1 Minute for each
question. Each question carries 2 Point.
A B
---------1. Jointing A. approved additions& revisions to the
standard specifications
---------2. Specifications B. A guide for your inspector
---------3. Plasterboard C. Standard Detail Drawings
---------4. QC checklists D. Undisputed favorite
---------5.Supplemental E. compilation of provisions and
Specifications requirements
F. process of covering and reinforcing

Operation title: Jointing and finishing plasterboard

Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required in cutting sheet the size
finishing construction work filed and its components
Instruction: Use the given tools and equipment measure the size of the finishing filed. For this
operation you have given 3Hour and you are expected to provide the answer on the given table.
Tools and requirement:
5. This operation sheet
6. Trowel
7. Float
8. Meter
Precautions: Measure at least three times before recording the result on the given format
Procedures in doing the task

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Step 1: Fill recess in plasterboard evenly and fully with Gyprock™ Total Joint Cement or
Multi-Purpose Joint Compound using a 150mm broad knife
Step 2. Bed in Gyprock™ Paper Tape centrally over the joint and cover lightly with compound
Step3. Cover all fastener heads.
Second Coat
Step 1. When the tape coat is dry, sand off any lumps and apply a second coat, about 170mm
wide, finishing slightly above the board surface. Cover all fastener heads.
Step 2. Smooth the joint edges with a trowel to remove any lip to reduce sanding.
Finishing Coat
Step 1. When the second coat is dry, apply a thin finish coat over the previous coat, about
250mm wide.
Step 2. Smooth the joint edges with a trowel to remove any lip to reduce sanding.
Step 3. Cover previously coated fastener heads with a third coat of compound, laid in a
different direction, extending beyond the previous coat by about 25mm.

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Operation Sheet-2.2 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard

Step 4. Allow to dry and harden for at least 24 hours.

Operation title: Cutting Sheets

Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required in cutting sheet the size
finishing construction work filed and its components
Instruction: Use the given tools and equipment measure the size of the finishing filed. For this
operation you have given 3Hour and you are expected to provide the answer on the given table.
Tools and requirement:
1. This operation sheet
2. Hacksaw
3. Fastener
4. Pencil
Precautions: Measure at least three times before recording the result on the given format
Procedures in doing the task
Step 1: Mark the sheet to the required length
Step 2: Push the off-cut side down and snap the sheet along the score line
Step 3: Cut along the fold line from the back of the sheet and remove the off-cut
Step 4: Use a saw where intersecting cuts are needed, such as around openings
Step 5: Use a keyhole saw for openings such as arches and power points
Step 6: Drive the fastener heads just below the board surface, taking care not to break the face
paper. Nail or screw every 300mm, at sheet ends and around all doors, windows and other
openings
Step 7: Drive temporary nails or screws through a small plasterboard off-cut into every second
stud in the middle of the sheet to hold it tight while the adhesive dries. Remove after 24 hours

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Operation Sheet-2.3 Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard LAP Test 2.2

Operation title: Fixing the Plasterboard

Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required in cutting sheet the size
finishing construction work filed and its components
Instruction: Use the given tools and equipment measure the size of the finishing filed. For this
operation you have given 3Hour and you are expected to provide the answer on the given table.
Tools and requirement:
1. This operation sheet
2. Meter
3. Trowel
4. Float
Precautions: Measure at least three times before recording the result on the given format
Procedures in doing the task
Step 1: Apply daubs of Gyprock™ Stud Adhesive about 25mm diameter and 15mm thickness,
about the size of a walnut, onto the studs at 300mm centers
Step 2: Start about 200mm from where the end of the sheet will go and leave 200mm from the
center nails or screw location
Step 3: Install sheets at right angles to the joists, using a single length across the room if
possible
Step 4: Drive the fastener heads just below the board surface, taking care not to break the face
paper
Step 5: At the centerline of sheets, fasten to each joist with two nails 75mm apart or with a
single screw. Nail or screw every 200mm at sheet ends and around any openings
Step 6: Drive temporary nails or screws through small plasterboard off-cut, mid way between
the sheet centerline and edges, to hold sheets tight against joists while the adhesive dries (up to
48 hours)

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Practical Demonstration of Fixing the Plasterboard
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________ Time started:
________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform the
following tasks within 4 hours.
Task 1 Jointing and finishing plasterboard
Task 2 Cutting Sheets
Task 2 Fixing the Plasterboard

Unit Three: Finish joins

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Finish techniques to joint system
 Minimize finish problems
 Finish joins& work meet specifications
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics.

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3.1 Finish techniques to joint system
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Identify and follow finish techniques appropriate to joint system are.
 Minimize finish problems are by employing correct work sequencing and following
manufacturer recommendations.
 Finish joins are to specifications.
 Check Complete work is to ensure work will meet manufacturer specifications and
Australian standards

The benefits of primer

One of the most powerful tools in any pro painter's arsenal is what goes underneath the paint is
primer. Primer is an excellent problem-solver that's less like paint and more like glue. It sticks
to whatever you're prepping and turns it into a smooth, uniform surface that's ready for paint.
The main objective of primer is,
 seal the porous paper surface

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  provide a surface the paint can bond with
 seal the porosity of drywall mud
 prevent top coat sheen degradation
Example is the peel stop triple thick drywall primer...
PAINTINGAS FINALFINISH
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface (support
base of board).To furtherly protect surface and bring out aesthetics appearance.

Fig. 3.1 paints

The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other implements, such rollers,
sprayers etc. The type and choice of paint is selected as final finish to primed wall depending
on the place of usage of function of wall. Most internal partition finish paint are white
emulsion, applied two to three times depending on the specification. Below are images
showing application of paint to primed internal drywalls.
Painting dry walls with rollers
… (Source,
www.
welkandsonsdrywall.com) (Source,www. Constructiveprojectmanagemen.com)

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Fig. 3.2 painting
3.1.1 Jointing and finishing of plasterboard
Jointing and Finishing
Mixing Compounds
For best results:
 Check the ‘best before’ date on packaging to ensure Compounds are fit for use.
 Always use clean, cold water and clean containers and tools for mixing. Using
dirty containers/water/tools may affect the setting time and set strength.
 Slowly add powder to water and allow powder to soak for1–3 minutes before
mixing.
 Mix only enough compounds for stated working time when using setting
compounds.
 Mix by hand or with a power mixer (max. of 400 rpm -mixing at higher speeds
will draw air into the mix, creating air bubbles). Mix until a smooth workable
paste has been achieved. Avoid over mixing as this may accelerate setting and
shorten the working life of the compound.
 For setting compounds, once setting has commenced, the material cannot be
remixed and should not be agitated or tempered by the addition of water.
 The inclusion of other materials in the mix could impair the performance of the
compound and will void product warranty.

Jointing Tapes
Perforated Paper Tape is recommended for all Boral plasterboard walls and ceilings due to its

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 high strength and suitability for all compounds and jointing applications – standard, wet area,
and fire rated.
Boral Plasterboard strongly recommends using only paper tape with all-purpose compounds.
3.1.2 Tools and Equipment
A complete range of plastering tools is available through Boral Plasterboard outlets .Quality
stainless steel plastering tools will ensure the best possible finish and if properly cared for will
give a lifetime of service.
Low cost plastic tools are also available and may be suitable where a low cost or disposable
tool is required .Plasterers trestles or scaffolding should be used to ensure correct working
heights.
Tools should be cleaned in water before compounds have fully set and stainless steel tools
given a light rub with an oil cloth to prevent rusting. As a safety conscious company, Boral
Plasterboard encourages
all users to observe the occupational health and safety tips contained on the packaging labels of
all Boral Plasterboard products. Material Safety Data Sheets can be readily obtained by
contacting Tec ASSIST on).
Materials
Paper Tape
A high strength special cross- fiber slotted paper tape possessing exceptional wet strength.
Resists stretching wrinkling and tearing. A wafer thin edge aids smooth finishing and produces
a superior bond to jointing cements. Centre creased for application to angles.
Application / Use
Used to provide reinforcement to plasterboard joints and angles.
Size: 22m and 75m x 50mm wide rolls.

Figure 3.3 Paper tape

Basecoat 45, 60 and 90
A plaster-based jointing compound that is suitable for use with hand trowel’s and mechanical

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tools.
Application / Use
Used for bedding and base coating plasterboard joints, angles and spotting fastener heads.
Packaging: 20kg paper bags
Working time: Base Cote 45 has a working time of approx. 45 minutes.
Base Cote 60 has a working time of approx. 60 minutes.
Base Cote 90 has a working time of approx. 90 minutes.
Coverage: For bedding paper joint reinforcing tape and base coating (2 coats).
20kg (1 bag) will joint approx. 125m2 of board .Figure Base Cote 45Base Cote 60Base Cote
90

Fig.3.4 Basecoat
Basecoat 45
Basecoat 60
Basecoat 90
Top Cote 550
A premixed, vinyl-based topping compound with a smooth finish.
Application / Use
Used as an economical third or finishing coat over Base Cote 45, 60 or 90.Suitable for use with
hand trowel’s and mechanical tools. Requires 24 hours min. drying time before sanding.
Packaging: 20kg carton and 20kg pail
.Figure 82 Top Cote 550
Coverage: 20g (1 pail) will topcoat approx. 270m2 of board.
Final Cote
A premixed, vinyl-based finishing compound that is lightweight and easier to sand than Top
Cote 550.
Application / Use

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Used as a premium finishing coat over Base Cote 45, 60 or 90.Suitable for use with hand
trowel’s and mechanical tools. Requires 24 hours min. drying time before sanding.
Packaging: 20kg pail.
Figure 83 Final Cote
Coverage: 20kg (1 pail) will topcoat approx. 250m2 of board.

Fig.3.5topcoat approx

Stopping Recessed Joints

Recessed joints should be stopped and finished with a straight or curved trowel to leave a
slightly convex camber over the joint.

First Coat
 Fill recessed joint with a layer of Base Cote 45, 60 or 90using a flexible 75 or
100mm broad knife.
 Centre and press the paper tape into the Base Cote compound using a 150mm
broad knife, drawing along the joint with sufficient pressure to remove excess
compound.
 Ensure all air bubbles have been expelled, taking care sufficient compound is
left under the tape to provide a strong bond.
 After embedding tape, apply a skim coat of compound.
 Spot fastener heads.
Second Coat
 Allow at least one hour for Base Cote 45 or 60 to set (1.5 hours for Base Cote
90).
 Apply a second coat of compound approx 200mm wide, using a trowel or broad
knife.

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  Feather joint edges.
 Spot fastener heads again, extending beyond the first coat by 25mm.
Finishing Coat
 Ensure base coats have set and scrape to remove any rough spots or lumps.
 Using a trowel, apply a coat of finishing compound approx 250mm wide,
feathering out at least 50mm beyond edges of the basecoat.
 Use a curved trowel on the finishing coat to produce a slight convex curve.
 Feather out the edges and use a damp sponge to wipe down edges of joints and
corners to reduce the need for sanding (wet sanding).
 Allow a minimum of 24 hours to dry, longer in cold, wet weather conditions.
 When dry, lightly sand to a smooth finish with mesh or 150 grit paper (dry
sand).
Step 1 – First coat
Step 2 – Bed tape
Step 3 – Skim coat
Step 4 – Second coat
Step 5 – Finish coat
Step 6 – Wet sanding
Step 7 – Dry sanding Total recessed joint system
Stopping Butt Joints
Butt or end joints should be flush-jointed and finished with three coat system as for recessed
joints.
For a flatter finish, and to minimize surface build-up of compound, widen each jointing coat so
that the final coat of the finished joint is about 500mm wide.
First Coat
 Using a trowel, apply a thin layer of base compound, approx 150mm wide to
each side of the joint profiling any recess gaps at the joints.
 Centre and press the paper tape into the base compound using a 150mm broad
knife, drawing along the joint with sufficient pressure to remove excess
compound.
 Ensure all air bubbles have been expelled, taking care sufficient compound is
left under the tape to provide a strong bond.
 After embedding tape apply a skim coat of compound over the

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Fig.3.6 First coat Fig.3.7 Second base

Second Coat
 Allow at least one hour for Base Cote 45 or 60 to set (1.5 hours for Base Cote
90) before applying a second coat.
 Apply a second coat of compound approx 200mm wide to each side of the
centre.
 Feather joint edges.
 The second coat should have a gradual convex curve.

Fig.3.8First step Fig.3.9Second step

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Finishing Coat
 Ensure basecoats have set and remove any rough spots or lumps.
 Using a straight bladed trowel, apply a coat of finishing compound approx
250mm wide to each side of the joint.
 Feather out the edges and use a damp sponge to wipe down edges of joints and
corners to reduce the need for sanding (wet sanding).
 The finished coat should have a slight convex curve.
 Allow a minimum of 24 hours to dry, longer in cold, wet weather conditions.
 When thoroughly dry, lightly sand to a smooth finish with mesh or 150 grit sand
paper (dry sanding)

Fig.3.10First Step Fig.3.11Second Step

Corners and Angles

Internal Angles
Internal angles should be jointed with a two coat system using paper tape. Gaps in excess of
4mm should be filled with a setting compound.

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Fig.3.12.First step Fig.3.13.Second step

Installation:
 Apply compound to both sides of internal corner using a 75mm broad knife.
 Measure and cut reinforcing tape, fold along centre line and bed into angle,
using a 50mm corner taping tool.
 Apply a skim coat of compound over tape.
 When dry apply a second coat of compound with the broad knife, then finish
with a 100mm corner finishing tool, feathering beyond edges of first coat.
 Use a damp sponge to wipe down the edges of joints and corners to reduce the
need for sanding.
 Allow a minimum of 24 hours to dry, longer in cold, wet weather conditions.
 When thoroughly dry, lightly sand to a smooth finish with mesh or 150 grit
paper (dry sanding).

Fig.3.14 Apply base compound

Step 1 – Apply base compound

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Step 2/3 – Bed tape & apply skim coat
Step 4/5 – Apply second coat & sand Internal angle jointing system
External Angles
External corners should be strengthened with perforated metal angles then jointed and finished
with a three coat system. Suitable metal angles include:

Fig.3.15 External Angles

Installation:
 Cut corner angle to length and position so that the angle is both straight and in
line with the wall surfaces.
 Fix with plasterboard nails at maximum 300mm centers along each face with
nails opposite each other.
 Stop and finish with a three coat system as per jointing.
 Ensure that the first coat of compound covers the 150mm angle faces and is
forced through the perforations.
 The second coat should extend approx 200mm from the corner bead.
 The final coat should extend approx 280mm back from the corner with the
edges feathered out.
 Ensure that the final coat is built up to the corner bead.
 Fix and finish other beads and angles (Shadow line, Stopping angle etc) in the
same manner.

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Step 1 – Cut angle and fix to both sides of corner 300mm
Step 2 – Apply 150mm wide first coat to corner faces
Step 3 – Apply 200mm wide second coat to corner faces
Step 4 – Apply 280mm third coat to corner faces
External Angle Jointing system

Fig.3.16.Painting and Decoration

General Requirements
Boral plasterboard linings are an excellent base for:
 Painting
 wallpapering
 Special finishes.
When preparing and decorating plasterboard surfaces, ensure that only high quality paints and
wallpapers etc. are used and applied in accordance with the paint manufacturer’s instructions.
If you intend to use satin or high-gloss paint, make sure the plasterboard has an even surface as
these finishes will highlight imperfections.
Take care, when sanding and finishing joints and fastener heads, to avoid scuffing the
linerboard surface adjacent to the jointed areas.
Surface Preparation
Make sure the Boral plasterboard linings are dry and free of dust, oil, or greasy stains before
decorating surfaces. Correct all surface imperfections with an approved filler.
Painting

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3.2 Minimize finish problems
When painting plasterboard walls and ceilings, follow the procedures set down by the
Australian Standard
The Painting of Building. It is recommended that a coat of quality sealer be applied to the
plasterboard surface prior to the application of subsequent coats of paint. Solvent borne sealers
are recommended for plasterboard surfaces that may have discolored due to prolonged
exposure to ultra violet light

SOLVING FINISHING PROBLEMS

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 Fig.3.17. Finishing problem
The environment, admixtures, cement, and supplementary materials can affect the window of
opportunity for finishing concrete.
This time of the year we constantly have problems related to finishing. The largest complaint is
concrete tearing in the finishing process, and it only happens with certain cements. How do we
solve this?
The ability to finish concrete can often be related to two factors. The first is available paste in
the mixture to allow the surface to be finished. The second is the available window of time to
allow finishing to be completed. The paste content of the mixture includes the cementitiou’s
materials, water, and any admixtures. When a mix is easily making strength, there is often the
urge to reduce the cement content, but this will have a negative effect on the finishability. Slag
cement or fly ash replacement of cement will typically increase the volume of the paste as their
specific gravity is less then cement. Water is the constant battle—it needs to be controlled for
proper strength gain and durability, but the finishing crew always wants more.
What is often misunderstood is the bleed rate and evaporation rate, both important in finishing.
After concrete is placed. the water in the concrete begins to bleed to the surface since it is the
lightest material. This bleed water evaporates from the surface at a rate dependent on the
environmental conditions. Concrete temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and ambient
temperature all affect the evaporation rate of water from the concrete surface. If the
evaporation rate is too great or the bleed rate is too slow, the surface of the concrete will dry
out, making it difficult to close. This loss of moisture at the surface is part of the paste content,
so you are also losing the required paste needed to finish the surface. Tearing problems can be

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3.3 Finish joins& work meet specifications
related to the bleed rate.
The window of opportunity for finishing can be affected by the environment, admixtures,
cement, and supplementary cementitious materials. Anything that changes the set time can
change the window of opportunity to finish the concrete. Many may think that adding an
accelerator or retarder can change the window for finishing, although depending on the
situation, it may not. Accelerators or retarders can move the time window earlier or later,
although often they will make the window smaller.
As for the tearing issue and how it relates to the window of opportunity for finishing, this
relates back to bleed rate. The tearing in the surface at certain times of the year (typically dry
seasons) mostly relates to available water in the mixture at the concrete surface. If the set time
or window of opportunity to finish the concrete is delayed, more time is provided for water to
evaporate from the surface. If there is insufficient water bleeding to the surface, there will be a
deficiency of water and issues in finishing the concrete.
I have found that often fixing one of these properties will cause issues in other ways. In one
instance, changing the admixture had a dramatic effect on the bleed rate, and the finishers were
able to initially close the surface, although the admixture greatly retarded the concrete and
complaints were quick to come. When investigating these issues, don’t lose sight of other
concrete properties or you’ll end up chasing the issue for months

PLASTER FINISH
The use of compound paste finish for most dry walls and surfaces

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 DRY WALL PARTITION CONSTRUCTION (GYPSUM/PLASTERWALL)
Gypsum board is the generic name for a family of panel products that consist of a
noncombustible core, composed primarily of gypsum, and a paper surfacing on the face,
back and long edges. Gypsum board is one of several building materials covered by the
umbrella term “gypsum panel products.” All gypsum panel products contain gypsum cores;
however, they can be faced with a variety of different materials, including paper and fiberglass
mats.
Gypsum board is often called drywall, wallboard, or plasterboard. It differs from other panel-
type building products, such as plywood, hardboard, and fiberboard, because of its
noncombustible core and paper facers. When joints and fastener heads are covered with a joint
compound system, gypsum wall board creates a continuous surface suitable for most types of
interior decoration.
Advantages of Gypsum Board Construction
Gypsum board walls and ceilings have a number of outstanding advantages:
 Ease of installation
 Fire resistance
 Sound insulation
 Durability
 Economically cheap and Versatility
INSTALLATION
Gypsum board building systems are easy to install for several reasons. Gypsum board panels
are relatively large compared to other materials. They come in 48-and 54-inch wide sheets and
in lengths of 8, 10, or 12 feet, so they quickly cover large wall and ceiling areas. Gypsum
board assemblies require only a few tools for their construction.
Gypsum board can be cut with either a utility knife or a variety of saws, and it can be attached
with a variety of fasteners, including screws, nails, and staples. It can also be adhesively
attached to many substrates. Gypsum board is a lightweight material. Two workers can easily
handle most panels and cover large areas in very short time periods. Gypsum board is easily
finished using either a few hand tools or relatively modest machines. Gypsum board installers
can quickly learn most application techniques in a few hours.
APPLICATION OF GYPSUM BOARD
Gypsum board can be applied over wood or metal framing or furring. It can be applied to
masonry and concrete surfaces, either directly or to wood or metal furring strips.
3.3.1 Checking completing work meet specification

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A specification is a comprehensive and detailed written description, as composed by a design
professional, of the desires of an owner as to how he wants to construct a building, what
services and products he wants included, governance of the actual construction and how he
wants it to look when completed. Architectural drawings that depict the specification
pictorially are prepared to complement the specification and together they will form the final
contractual documents. Drawings and Specifications must work together and provide the
necessary information.
There are three basic types of specs:
Performance based where the specifier restricts the text to stating the “performance” that must
be achieved by the completed work while referencing bylaws, codes, tests, procedures,
regulations, performance standards to which all bidders must adhere. Meeting the
“performance” standards then becomes the overriding criteria for acceptance.
Prescriptive based where the specifier references and describes a specific product and
manufacturer that is acceptable. No alternates.
A combination of both that names specific manufacturers and products perhaps describes in
detail a specific manufacturer’s product, references specific codes and standards but allows
other manufacturers to be considered for acceptance before or after the actual bidding process
based on meeting the performance intent.
Type 3 is the most common and certainly the fairest for all. Adhering to an equality
specification requiring pre-approval and as compared to a desired standard of performance will
result in a project that will meet the basic goals of time, cost and quality.
It is when a type 3 specification is written & used and then the specifier reverts into a type 2
frame of reference & thought process that the problems start.
General example:
A spec comes out and uses as its base a product as manufactured by the Wacky Wall
Company. Indicates by inference or by name that others can bid as long as the intent of the
spec. is met. This includes STC, current testing, wall configuration & operation, finishes,
stacking needs etc. Also calls for faces attached by nailing, frames made from balsa wood,
track made from extruded plastic etc. In other words, specifies a whole bunch of specifics that
are not Moderco standards OR the standards of other manufacturers. Is Moderco acceptable?
Yes! Because we meet the intent of the specification. We will provide what the spec calls for
in terms of the end result but simply accomplish it in a different way than will the particular
manufacturer (Wacky Wall Co) who is named in the specification. It has to be foremost in your
mind that all manufacturers make their product “their way” (like the song: “I did it my way”)

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and from materials both of which are choices they have made but not based on the materials or
features having any real advantages to the consumer. It is what it is including Moderco. If there
is any real reason for a manufacturer to choose specific materials or manufacturing methods it
will be because of cost not that fact that there are advantages. Let’s look at some specific
examples.
One manufacturer always specifies ON THEIR STEEL TRACK SYSTEMS: “hangar brackets
must support the load bearing surface of the track” Our question is why? If the surface is not
supported will it fail? Maybe their track has failed in the past and that is why they include this
requirement. Or maybe they are the only ones who use a steel support bracket designed this
way and they are trying to gain a specification advantage by calling for a feature that is unique
to them? They do not have this “feature” on their aluminum track systems so maybe their
aluminum is stronger or has never failed or the ‘feature” itself is meaningless.
One manufacturer will specify steel track and then say aluminum track is not acceptable. And
then when they get aluminum track specified they will say that steel track is not acceptable.
Why? Not because one is necessarily better than the other or better suited to the application but
because they are trying to gain an advantage.
Another goes to great lengths to explain how the skin is to be attached to the frame. No
advantage to the way they do it; it is simply the manufacturing method they have chosen. But
they will try and get the specifies to hold others to this method which of course is not possible.
Other features used as “weapons” to gain an advantage include acoustic seals, weight (system,
panel, hanging etc…), aesthetic features and appearance, accessories, hinging etc.
When you are working with your designer/specification writer/architect:
Determine intent and expectations
Custom write a specification that is fair to all and meets the needs of the project. He will
appreciate it.
Name acceptable competitors and acceptable competitive models. Do not let other
manufacturer choose what they want to bid.
If you are bidding on a project where a competitor is specified:
Review the specification with the specifies and point out features that are unique to the product
specified and why you cannot comply.
Point out what is truly important (STC, current and up to date acoustic tests, models,
configurations, operation, aesthetics, weights, etc…) and confirm that you will meet these
requirements but in a different way that will not have any negative impact on end results.
Gain prior approval before project bids.

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A specification is a valuable and necessary tool that ensures quality but also equality. It is not
intended to be a weapon that will give one company an advantage over another.

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Self-Check -3

Test-I Matching
Instruction: select the correct answer for the give choice. You have given 1 Minute for each
question. Each question carries 2 Point.
A B
---------1. Gypsum board A. Dry walls and surfaces
---------2. Painting B. Mechanical plaster boards
---------3. Prescriptive C. Fill recessed joint with a layer of Base
Cote
---------4. Plaster finish D. A specific product and manufacturer
---------5. First Coat E. Applying paint, pigment, color
F. Drywall

Answer the following equation

Explain requirements before fixing board with mechanical fastenings? (5 points)
Least steps of joints & finishing plaster boards? (5 points)
Write types of measuring materials with Install Mechanical plaster boards? (5 points)

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OPERATION SHEET 3.1Installing and Finishing fixed plasterboard

OPERATION TITLE:- Install and finish plasterboard and fiber cement products
PURPOSE:- For Install & Finish decorative system
CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS:-
Wear appropriate clothes, shoe ...(it is safety?
Ensure the work shop hazard free
Ensure the working area is bright / good visibility
Make workstation comfortable
Use rages ,kerosene clearing purpose
EQUIPMENT TOOLS consumable MATERIALS
Tape rule, Sprit level, Try-square Strings Cement, Adhesive, Hip, lime
PROCEDURE,
1. Remove oils , dusts,& bad condition
2. Measure working area
3. Prepared use of material necessary
4. Install mechanical plasterboard.
5. Wait setting time.
6. Check the correct working system.
7. Clean the work area & instrument
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. Wear working cloths which properly fit with your body
2. Make working area hazard free
3. Read and interpret manual which guide you how to joint and finishing system
components.
QUALITY CRITERIA:
Assured the performance of all the activities according to the given guide.
 use standard material & specification
 use the correct proportion system
 working the project based on dimension

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LAP Test -3.1

LAP Test Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions: Given necessary templates /guide Install and finish plasterboard and fiber cement
products task within 5hrs
By using the given guide, install the finishing plasterboard & joint fibber cement products
Identify & use of plasterboard
install plasterboard & fibre cement products
joint & finish plasterboard
Observing OHS throughout the process

Unit Four: Clean up

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Clean site
 Remove non-toxic materials
 Dust suppression procedure
 Maintain tools and equipment’s
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Clean site area

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  Remove
4.1 Clean site non-toxic materials
 Apply dust suppression procedure
 Maintain and store plant ,tools and equipment’s

Cleaning:- Ensure all surfaces to be coated are sound, clean, dry, free from dust, oil, release
agents, loose material, efflorescence and/or other contaminants. Remove all mortar digs and
protrusions and either brush down with a stiff broom or wash/pressure clean substrate as
required, prior to the application of any products.
Cleaning During Application:- Should any render get onto surfaces that are not to be coated,
clean the surface immediately with clean water. It is the applicators responsibility to use the
correct cleaning technique and product/s for each surface and to ensure the product is removed
without damaging the surface. Note: The cleanup process must be carried out during each stage
of the application of product/s.

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4.2 Remove non-toxic materials 4.3 Dust suppression procedure

Toxic (meeting certain concentrations), such as materials containing metals (e.g., mercury,
cadmium, or lead) or solvents (e.g., carbon tetrachloride or methyl ethyl ketone).
Many calls to Poison Control are about exposures to very dangerous poisons. One of the most
important parts of Poison Control's job is to help people in those situations.

Poison specialists also answer questions about substances that may seem deadly or scary, but
actually are not very bad at all. We call these items non-toxic. What does this mean?

A non-toxic substance is one that is not expected to cause symptoms or be dangerous. A good
example is silica gel. Most of us have seen this packet in new shoe boxes, cameras, purses,
coffee cans, and medicines. Silica gel absorbs moisture, keeping the item you purchased in
good condition as it is being shipped to the store. Most of these packets say "Do Not Eat" on
the outside, which is a bit scary-sounding to be sure. While silica gel is not made to be eaten,
it's not poisonous either.

Most arts and crafts products made for use by children are safe, and you can tell for sure if you
see the seal AP on the package. AP stands for Approved Product; this seal comes from the Art
and Creative Materials Institute.

Children and pets are always finding lots of other types of objects to play with or eat. Some
popular items that are non-toxic include:

The production of dust, fumes or vapors emitted or developed during any maintenance,
refurbishment, upgrade or construction works, can if not appropriately controlled have wide
ranging effects on staff, students and members of the public.
The production of dust, fumes or vapors will have a wide variance of effects on people, as no
two individuals are alike in their tolerance or reaction to these air borne particulates.
A percentage of the population suffer from conditions affecting the respiratory system, the
dermis (skin), eyes and digestive system, which can be exacerbated or irritated by exposure to
dust, fumes and vapors. Within these groups there are individuals that can and do have violent

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reactions to a wide range of substances or conditions.
Some forms of dust and fumes are known to cause serious medical conditions such as silicosis
and other lung diseases even cancer. he following steps and action must be undertaken by the
Principal Contractor / Sub Contractor with every works / projects carried out:
1. That all Hazard Data sheets relating to the substances / materials that will be used on works
/ projects are obtained.
2. If the works / projects will or has the potential to produce dust, fumes or vapors. This must
be identified in one or more generic forms (silica dust, brick dust, wood dust, paint fumes,
liquid vapor, etc.) and this detailed in a manner similar to a hazard data sheet. 3. That any
other available information or detail relating to the works / project must be obtained. This
may include any substance registers, Health and Safety Files of previous works / projects
that have taken place in the proposed works / project area. As an example this could be an
asbestos register, works / projects specification or project plan
3. A suitable and sufficient Risk Assessment must then be developed using all available
information obtained. The Risk Assessment is also to use a reference in its development to
the Universities Risk Matrix Form (Appendix A) which details levels of dust, fumes and
vapor indicators and outlines process control measures that should be considered in the
development of a Safe System of Work (Method Statement). This assessment is to be
carried out by any subcontractor and is to consider all staff and any other persons that may
be affected by any activities. Generic risk assessments will not be accepted by the
University in any format. All assessments must be specific to works / projects being
undertaken
4. Using the Risk Assessment a Safe System of Work (Method Statement) should then be
developed. The Safe System of Work should detail how the works / project are to be
carried out. Any and all processes / actions that will be used or implemented in the control
of dust, fumes or vapors, if these are a by-product of the works / projects in question.
5. A copy of all Hazard Data Sheets, Information, Risk Assessments and Safe Systems of
Works must then be made available to the University Authorized Representative assigned
to the works / projects.
6. Under no circumstances must works / projects that have the potential to produce dust, fume
or vapors be commenced until all information, assessments and safe systems of work been
approved by the University Authorized Representative

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4.4 Maintain tools and equipment’s

Proper tools and equipment are essential for the effective operation of any civil works site.
Equipping the construction site with the correct tools and equipment plays an essential role in
achieving timely and good quality results. For every construction activity there is an optimal
combination of tools, equipment and labor. Depending on the nature and content of the works,
the technical staff needs to know which tools to use and how to effectively combine them with
manual labor. Once on site, equipment requires trained operators and supervisory staff who are
proficient in its operation and maintenance. Faulty equipment is a common reason for delays
on construction sites. A major responsibility of the project management is to ensure that tools

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and equipment are maintained in a good condition and are readily available when required for
the various work activities. For certain construction activities, particularly hauling of materials
and compaction, high labor productivity and good quality of work may be difficult to achieve
using only manual labor and hand tools. In such cases, using light construction equipment can
increase the efficiency of work. Site supervisors need to know how to use the tools and how to
operate the equipment in order to secure good work progress and the expected high-quality
results. It is also important that staff know the full potential, as well as the limitation, of the use
of manual and equipment-based works methods. Finally, tools and equipment need regular
maintenance, requiring good workshop facilities, a reliable supply of spare parts and qualified
mechanical staff
4.4.1 Tools and Equipment
 Only tools and equipment which are in good condition may be used.
 Tools shall only be used for the purpose for which they were designed.
 Employees shall make frequent inspections of tools and equipment, and
immediately remove from service any items found defective.
The following are examples of the types of defects which should be looked for:
A. Split, broken, cracked, or splintered wooden handles.
B. Mushroomed heads on chisels or impact drills.
C. Wrench jaws which slip or do not hold.
D. Frayed cords damaged or modified grounding plugs, or broken insulation on electrical
tools.
E. Rounded edges on sharp-edged tools.
F. Dull cutting tools.
 When using hand tools, the employee shall place himself in such a position that
he will avoid injury if the tool slips.
 Only soft faced hammers (brass, plastic, rubber, or similar materials) shall be
used on highly tempered steel tools such as cold chisels, star drills, etc. Proper
eye protection must be worn when performing such an operation.
 Files, rasps, and other tools having sharp tangs shall be equipped with approved
handles.
 Tools which are not in use shall be placed where they will not present a tripping
or stumbling hazard.
 Pointed tools shall never be carried edge or point up in pockets.
 Tools shall not be thrown from one worker to another, or to another working

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 location.
 Extensions shall not be used on wrenches to gain leverage unless the wrench is
designed to be used in such a fashion.
 When cutting wire or any other material under tension, the material being cut
shall be secured to prevent the ends from snapping free.
 All power tools must be properly grounded before their use.
 Gloves shall not be worn when operating lathes, drill presses, power saws, or
similar equipment. Loose clothing must not be worn and long sleeves should be
rolled up prior to operation.
 Hooks, brushes, vacuums, or special tools shall be used to remove dust or chips.
Compressed air shall not be used.
 All machinery must be turned off when unattended.
 Maintenance, repairs, adjustments, and measurements must not be made while
saws, lathes, grinders, and similar equipment are in operation.
 Compressed air shall never be used to dust off clothing, or be directed toward
another person.
 Saw blades, gears, sprockets, chains, shafts, pulleys, belts, and similar apparatus
shall not be operated without the proper guarding.
 Safety glasses, goggles, or face shields shall be worn when operating power
tools

4.4.2 Checking and maintenance

 Before every use, look for signs of damage to blasting equipment and power tools.
 Before use, check compressed air lines; check that any compressed air cutout works
properly.
 At least once a week, check the condition and operation of blasting equipment.
 At least once a quarter, maintain the equipment according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
 Keep this information in your testing logbook. Use care when handling hawks and
trowels as the edges can become sharp with use. Keep the surfaces of application tools
clean during use and when the work is done. Ensure that application tools are dry before
storing them. Never use a trowel for chipping or chopping

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Self-Check 4

Written Test
Instructions 1: Answer all the questions listed below.
1. Before every use, look for signs of damage to blasting equipment and power tools.
A. True B. False
2. When cutting wire or any other material under tension, the material being cut shall be
secured to prevent the ends from snapping free.
A. True B. False
Test-I Matching
Instruction: select the correct answer for the give choice. You have given 1 Minute for each

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question. Each question carries 2 Point.
A B
---------1. Non-toxic substance Removing non-toxic substance
---------2. Poison Control's job Free from dust
---------3. Brushes Splintered wooden handles
---------4. Defects To remove dust or chips
---------5. Cleaning Help people in those situations
Not expected to cause symptoms

Directions 2: Answer all the questions listed below. Write the answer in the provided space.
1. what is hazardous material (5p)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. what is Material handling(5p)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.write the basic elements of a good housekeeping(5p)

4. what are the kinds of accidents commonly caused by bad housekeeping(10p)

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OPERATION SHEET 4.1Installing and fixing fixed plasterboard
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. What are Your Non-Hazardous Waste Requirements?(5p)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPERATION TITLE:- Clean up

PURPOSE:- it used to safe work area & to minimize wastage
CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS:-
Wear appropriate clothes, shoe, helmet, glove ...
Ensure the work shop hazard free
Ensure the working area is bright / good visibility
Make workstation comfortable
EQUIPMENT,TOOLS AND CONSUMER MATERIALS :

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 LAP Test 4.1
Brush bucket broom sponge. Spade, Water .Air. VIM
PROCEDURE,
1. 1.Identify Clean area & cleaning materials
2. Remove oils , dusts,& bad condition
3. clean up necessary requirement
PRECAUTIONS:-
Wear working cloths which properly fit with your body
Make working area hazard free
Working area good & brightness
QUALITY CRITERIA:
-The Trainee should be Intended all activities clean work on the given procedure.

LAP Test Clean up

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: _________________Time finished: ________________

Instructions: Given necessary templates /guide, workshop, tools and materials Clean up you
are required to perform the following tasks within 1:00 hours
Task1. Clean up

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Reference

1. design_manual exangle_plastering_beads
2. BUILDING_COMPONENTS_AND_FINISHES
3. Eco wallpaper (2014) wallpaper finishes [Online image] Available from:
4. http://www.eco.se/en/facts/our-designers/accent-walls-borders/[Accessed 06/05/15].
Hotfrog (2015) fabric wall finish [Online image] Available from:
http://www.hotfrog.in/Companies/Modern-Partition-System[Accessed 06/05/15].
Green Building Advisor (n.d) cork wall finish [Online image] Available from:
http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/energy-solutions/installing-corkinsulation
[Accessed 09/05/15]

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www.IdealConcreteBlock.com
Shower pan construction, Marshland Glenn A Oct 11, 1949

Participants of this Module (training material) preparation

N Name Qualifica Field of Organizati Mobile E-mail
o tion Study on/ number
(Level) Institution
1 Betel B(BSC) Constructio Hawassa +2519262988 betelbotora2
Tariku n poly 40 @gmail.com
Technolog technic
y college
2 Yazachew MSC COTM BGRS 0917858176 Yazachew17
Geneti (Assosa @gmail.com
poly
technic

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 college)
3 Shiferaw BSC COTM Sidama 0932425937 shiferawyoha
Yohannes (Daye nnes@gmail.
poly com
technic
college)
4 Mihiretab BSC BCT Addis 0922079011 mihiretabgash
Gashaw abeba [email protected]
(Addis m
ketema
industrial
college)
5 AdisuRuda BSC COTM Oromia 0924227161 adisunagari@
(Nekemete gmail.com
poly
technic
college)

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87 | P a g e