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3.3 Describing movement

3.3 Describing movement

Exercise 3.3A Distance–time graphs 1
Focus
In this exercise, you will decide what you can work out from a
distance–time graph.
1 Which of these can be worked out from a distance–time graph?
Tick (✓) one box.
the force on an object
the speed of an object
the mass of an object
the weight of an object
2 Look at the distance–time graph for a train.

Distance

Time

a Which of these distance–time graphs shows the train going faster?

Write the letter.

Distance

Distance

Distance

Distance

Time Time Time Time

A B C D

b Which distance–time graph in part a shows no change in distance with time?

Write the letter.

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3 Forces and energy

Exercise 3.3B Distance–time graphs 2

Practice
In this exercise, you will sketch some distance–time graphs.
When sketching a graph, you only label the axes with quantities. You do
not need to scale the axes or put numbers on the axes.
1 Sketch a distance time graph for:
a a stationary object

b an object travelling at a constant speed away from a starting

position

c an object travelling at a constant speed towards a starting

position.

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3.3 Describing movement

2 Sofia walks from home to a shop.

She walks at a constant low speed.
She stops to talk to a friend.
She continues walking at a higher speed than before.
Sketch a distance–time graph of Sofia’s journey from home to the shop.

3 Marcus rides a bicycle at a constant speed from the park to a

friend’s house.
Marcus stays at his friend’s house for a short time.
Marcus rides his bicycle at the same constant speed back again
from his friend’s house to the park.
Sketch a distance–time graph of Marcus’s journey from the park
and back to the park.

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3 Forces and energy

Exercise 3.3C Distance–time graphs 3

Challenge
In this exercise, you will draw a distance–time graph and work out values
from the graph.
1 An aeroplane departs from airport A at time 0 hours.
The aeroplane takes 4.5 hours to travel to airport B.
Airport B is a distance of 3600 km away from airport A.
The aeroplane spends 1.5 hours at airport B, before departing again
for airport A.
The journey back from airport B to airport A takes 4.0 hours.
a Draw a distance–time graph of the journey on the grid below.

b Use your graph to work out:

i the total time of the journey

ii the speed of the aeroplane going from airport A to airport B

iii the speed of the aeroplane going from airport B to airport A.

50
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3 Forces and energy

Exercise 3.4B Calculating moments

Practice
In this exercise, you will calculate moments and make predictions about
moments.
1 Write the equation that links moment, force and distance.

2 The picture shows a crane supporting a 15 000 N weight.

The weight is supported 5 m from the pivot of the crane.
5m

pivot

15 000 N

a Calculate the moment caused by the weight on the crane.

Show your working.

Nm

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3.4 Turning forces

b Explain the effect on this moment of:

i moving the weight further from the pivot

ii moving the weight closer to the pivot.

3 Some people use units that are not international standard units.
One of these units of distance is the foot.
One of these units of force is pounds.
Write the unit of moment in these units.

Exercise 3.4C Moments,

force and distance
Challenge
In this exercise, you will calculate forces and distances
for moments.
1 A spanner will turn a nut. The nut needs a moment of 40 Nm to
turn. The spanner is 0.2 m long.
spanner nut

0.2 m

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3 Forces and energy

a Calculate the force that must be exerted on the spanner.

Show your working and give the unit.

b Explain why using a longer spanner will make the nut easier
to turn.

2 An engine exerts a moment of 350 Nm 0.35 m

when measured at a wheel.
The engine drives a wheel that has a
radius of 0.35 m The pivot of the wheel
is at the centre.

Calculate the force at the outside of the wheel.

Show your working and give the unit.

3 Sofia weighs 500 N. She sits on a seesaw at a distance of 2 m from

the pivot.

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3.5 Pressure between solids

a Calculate the moment that Sofia exerts on the seesaw.

Show your working and give the unit.

The seesaw will balance when the moments on both sides are equal.
Zara weighs 400 N.
b Calculate the distance from the pivot to where Zara should sit to
balance the seesaw.
Show your working and give the unit.

3.5 Pressure between solids

Exercise 3.5A Describing pressure
Focus
In this exercise, you will describe what affects pressure in solids.
1 Which of these is used to work out pressure?
Tick (✓) one box.

force
pressure = _____
​​  area ​​ pressure = mass × area

mass
pressure = _____
​​  area ​​ pressure = force × area

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