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Overview of A Buck Converter

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9 views

Overview of A Buck Converter

Uploaded by

suppaccopm2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Overview of a Buck Converter

A buck converter is a DC-DC converter that steps down a higher input voltage to a lower output voltage.
It uses switches (often MOSFETs) and energy storage components (inductors and capacitors) to
efficiently convert power.

Main Components

1. Power Supply (BT1):

o A DC voltage source ranging from 6V to 15V, which powers the entire circuit.

2. 555 Timer IC (IC1 - LM555):

o Configured as a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator. The 555 timer oscillates and
generates a square wave to drive the MOSFET.

o Pins of the 555 Timer:

 VCC (Pin 8): Connected to the positive terminal of the power supply.

 GND (Pin 1): Connected to ground.

 Discharge (Pin 7) & Threshold (Pin 6): Connected to set the timing of the square
wave.

 Trigger (Pin 2): Works with the Threshold pin to set the 555 timer's oscillation
frequency.

 Output (Pin 3): Outputs the PWM signal used to switch the MOSFET on and off.

 Control Voltage (Pin 5): Generally connected to ground through a small


capacitor to stabilize the operation.

o R1 (1kΩ) and a 10kΩ resistor: Work with capacitor C1 (470 pF) to set the frequency of
the 555 timer.

3. MOSFET (75N75):

o Acts as the switching element in the buck converter. It turns on and off based on the
PWM signal from the 555 timer. When it switches on, current flows through the
inductor.

o Gate (G): Connected to the output of the 555 timer through a current-limiting resistor to
control the MOSFET.

o Drain (D): Connected to the power input and the inductor.

o Source (S): Connected to ground.

4. Inductor (100 µH):

o Stores energy when the MOSFET is on and releases it when the MOSFET is off,
smoothing out the current to provide a steady output.
5. Freewheeling Diode (FR307):

o A fast recovery diode placed across the inductor. It provides a path for the current when
the MOSFET is off, preventing damage to the circuit from voltage spikes.

6. Feedback and Regulation Circuit:

o BC547 Transistor: Works in the feedback loop to help regulate the output voltage.

o 10kΩ Potentiometer: Used to adjust the output voltage by changing the feedback signal.
It sets the desired output level.

o 100 µF Capacitor (60V): Smooths out the output voltage to reduce ripple and provide a
stable DC output.

Working of the Circuit

1. The 555 timer generates a PWM signal based on the values of R1, the 10kΩ resistor, and C1. This
PWM signal drives the MOSFET (75N75).

2. When the MOSFET is switched on, current flows through the inductor, storing energy in its
magnetic field. During this time, the inductor resists changes in current, smoothing the
transition.

3. When the MOSFET switches off, the inductor releases the stored energy, which continues to
power the load. The freewheeling diode (FR307) ensures that the current has a path to flow
when the MOSFET is off, maintaining smooth current delivery.

4. The feedback mechanism, involving the BC547 transistor and the potentiometer, monitors the
output voltage and adjusts the PWM duty cycle to maintain a constant output. The 10kΩ
potentiometer allows you to set the desired output voltage by tweaking the feedback loop.

Purpose of the Circuit

 This buck converter circuit efficiently steps down a higher DC voltage to a lower, adjustable DC
voltage using a feedback mechanism for stability and regulation. It can deliver up to 3A of
current at the output, making it suitable for powering devices that require a regulated lower
voltage from a higher input voltage source.

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