GENERAL ZOOLOGY GROUP 1 BS BIOLOGY- 1B
Chapter 6:
EVOLUTION
GENERAL ZOOLOGY GROUP 1 BS BIOLOGY- 1B
EVOLUTION
01. THEORY OF EVOLUTION
02. CONCEPT OF CHANGE AND SPECIATION
EVOLUTION
Darwin defined evolution as "descent with
modification," the idea that species change over
time, give rise to new species, and share a common
ancestor.
THEORY OF EVOLUTION
Theory that all living species have developed as a
result of changes in their genetic material over
time
The theory of evolution states that evolution
happens by natural selection.
JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK
LAMARCK’S THREE THEORIES
1. The Theory of Need
2. The Theory of Use and Disuse
3. The Theory of Acquired
Characteristics
THEORY OF NEED
Organisms change in
response to their
environment
THEORY OF USE AND
DISUSE
Organs not in use
will disappear while
organs in use will
develop
THEORY OF ACQUIRED
CHARACTERISTICS
Acquired characteristics
were believed to be inherited
by their offsprings and
propagated by the next
generation
CHARLES DARWIN
Theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection
Developed the idea of natural
selection
The Origin of Species
NATURAL SELECTION
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and
produce more offspring
FIVE KEY POINTS OF NATURAL SELECTION
01 02 03
OVERPRODUCTION VARIATION COMPETITION
04 05
ADAPTATION SPECIATITION
CONCEPT OF CHANGE AND SPECIATION
Species Speciation
a group of population is a process within
whose members can evolution that leads to the
interbreed to produce formation of new, distinct
viable fertile offspring species that are
reproductively isolated
from one another.
TYPES OF SPECIATION
Allopatric Speciation
occurs when a species separates into two
separate groups which are isolated from one
another. A physical barrier, such as a
mountain range or a waterway, makes it
impossible for them to breed with one
another. Each species develops differently
based on the demands of their unique
habitat or the genetic characteristics of the
group that are passed onto offspring.
TYPES OF SPECIATION
Peripratic Speciation
A specific kind of allopatric speciation in
which a few individuals from a mainland
population disperse to a new location
remote from the original population and
evolve separately.
Parapratic Speciation
a species is spread out over a large
geographic area. Although it is possible for
any member of the species to mate with
another member, individuals only mate
with those in their own geographic region.
TYPES OF SPECIATION
Sympatric Speciation
occurs when there are no
physical barriers preventing any
members of a species from
mating with another, and all
members are in close proximity
to one another.
CAUSES OF SPECIATION
01 02 03
NATURAL SELECTION GENETIC DRIFT MIGRATION
04 05 06
CHROMOSOMAL NATURAL CAUSES REDUCTION OF
MUTATION GENE FLOW
TYPES OF SPECIATION
NATURAL SELECTION
As explained by Charles Darwin, different individuals in a species might
develop specific distinct characteristics which are advantageous and affect
the genetic makeup of the individual.
GENETIC DRIFT
is the change in the allele frequencies in a population as a result of
“sampling error” while selecting the alleles for the next generation from the
gene pool of the current population.
TYPES OF SPECIATION
MIGRATION
When a certain number of species from a population migrate from one
geographical region to another, the species might accumulate
characteristics which are different from that of the original population.
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
Chromosomal mutations have the potential to serve as (or contribute to)
isolating mechanisms, and the locking up and protection of a particularly
favorable gene complement through a chromosomal mutation.
TYPES OF SPECIATION
NATURAL CAUSES
Natural events imposed by the environment like a river or a mountain range
might cause the separation of what once a continuous population is divided
into two or smaller populations.
REDUCTION OF GENE FLOW
There might be a reduced gene flow over a broad geographical range where
individuals in the far east would have zero chance of mating with individuals
in the far western end of the range.
OCTOBER 2030 BORCELLE ART GALLERY NEW YORK
Thank
YOU!
