Software Requirements

Specification
for

Disaster Relief Cordination

System

Version 1.0 approved

Prepared by Akash Dabi 21100BTCSE09726

Aishwarya Farande 21100BTCSE09750

Akanksha Telang 21100BTCSE09753

Aayush Gupta 22100BTCSE11374

Copyright © 1999 by Karl E. Wiegers. Permission is granted to use, modify, and distribute this document.
 Shri Vaishnav VidhyapeethVishwavidyalaya(SVIIT)

Copyright © 1999 by Karl E. Wiegers. Permission is granted to use, modify, and distribute this document.
Software Requirements Specification for <Project> Page iii

Table of Contents
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................... ii
Revision History......................................................................................................................... ii
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Document Conventions..............................................................................................................1
1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions..............................................................................1
1.4 Product Scope............................................................................................................................1
1.5 References..................................................................................................................................1
2. Overall Description.............................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Product Perspective....................................................................................................................2
2.2 Product Functions.......................................................................................................................2
2.3 User Classes and Characteristics.................................................................................................2
2.4 Operating Environment...............................................................................................................2
2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints......................................................................................2
2.6 User Documentation...................................................................................................................2
2.7 Assumptions and Dependencies..................................................................................................3
3. External Interface Requirements........................................................................................ 3
3.1 User Interfaces............................................................................................................................3
3.2 Hardware Interfaces....................................................................................................................3
3.3 Software Interfaces.....................................................................................................................3
3.4 Communications Interfaces.........................................................................................................3
4. System Features................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 System Feature 1........................................................................................................................4
4.2 System Feature 2 (and so on)......................................................................................................4
5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements.................................................................................... 4
5.1 Performance Requirements.........................................................................................................4
5.2 Safety Requirements...................................................................................................................5
5.3 Security Requirements................................................................................................................5
5.4 Software Quality Attributes........................................................................................................5
5.5 Business Rules...........................................................................................................................5
6. Other Requirements............................................................................................................. 5
Appendix A: Glossary................................................................................................................ 5
Appendix B: Analysis Models.................................................................................................... 5
Appendix C: To Be Determined List........................................................................................6

Revision History
Name Date Reason For Changes Version
Disaster Relief Coordination System
Page 1

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose
The primary objective of the Disaster Relief Coordination System is to provide an integrated
platform that enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster response efforts by facilitating
real-time communication, resource management, and decision-making among various stakeholders.
These stakeholders include government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), first
responders, volunteers, and affected communities.
This system aims to:
1. Centralize Communication: Offer a streamlined communication channel to improve
collaboration and coordination between different relief agencies during a disaster.
2. Optimize Resource Allocation: Track and manage resources such as food, medical
supplies, shelter, and personnel to ensure equitable and timely distribution to affected areas.
3. Real-time Data Monitoring: Provide real-time access to critical information such as
weather forecasts, disaster impact data, and relief needs to facilitate informed decision-
making.
4. Assist in Disaster Response: Enable rapid mobilization of relief teams and resources by
identifying priority areas and monitoring ongoing relief efforts.

1.2 Document Conventions

 Document Structure Conventions
 Heading Levels:
o Section Titles (e.g., Overview, Functional Requirements): Use a clear, large font
size (e.g., Arial 16pt, bold) to distinguish major sections.
o Subsection Titles (e.g., User Interfaces, Database Design): Use smaller fonts (e.g.,
Arial 14pt, bold) to signify subsections within major sections.
o Further Subsections: For any deeper subsections (beyond level 2), use Arial 12pt,
regular font with indentation or numbering to indicate hierarchy.
 Fonts and Text Formatting
 Body Text:
o Font Type: Use a simple and readable sans-serif font like Arial or Calibri in 12pt
size for the majority of the document's content.
o Standard Body Text: Regular font is used for most of the descriptive and
explanatory sections.
o Emphasis:
 Bold: For section headers, important points, or specific key terms (e.g.,
Emergency Response, Resource Allocation).
 Italic: For highlighting specific terms, phrases, or definitions (e.g., disaster
zones, relief efforts).
 Underlining: Typically avoided but may be used sparingly to draw attention
to critical terms (e.g., deadlines, priority actions).
 Code and Syntax Highlighting
 Code Snippets:
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o For any programming logic (e.g., API calls, backend processing), use monospaced
fonts such as Courier New or Consolas (12pt) to differentiate code from the main
body of the text, enhancing readability.

1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

This document is intended for the following stakeholders involved in the development, deployment,
and maintenance of the Disaster Relief Coordination System:
 System Architects: Responsible for designing the overall system architecture, ensuring
seamless integration with databases, communication channels, and emergency response
frameworks.
 Software Developers: Focus on implementing software components, including web
interfaces, mobile apps, APIs, and backend systems that facilitate real-time communication
and resource management.
 Test Engineers: Conduct various testing scenarios to ensure the system meets functional
and non-functional requirements, including real-time data handling, system reliability, and
performance during disaster response scenarios.
 Project Managers: Oversee the project timeline, allocate resources, and coordinate between
different teams to ensure timely delivery and successful deployment of the system.
 Relief Agencies and Government Officials: End users who will rely on the system for
coordination, resource allocation, and real-time communication during disaster relief efforts.
 Support and Maintenance Teams: Responsible for troubleshooting, system updates, and
maintenance once the system is operational, ensuring its continuous functionality and
availability during critical events.
Reading Suggestion:
 System Architects should focus on sections related to system architecture, integration, and
scalability.
 Software Developers should emphasize the functional and non-functional requirements and
the technical specifications for APIs and interfaces.
 Test Engineers should refer to testing protocols and system reliability sections.
 Project Managers should focus on project scope, timeline, and team coordination aspects.
 End Users should review user interface and operation guidelines to understand how the
system supports relief coordination.
 Support Teams should focus on sections detailing system maintenance, error handling, and
troubleshooting procedures.

1.4 Product Scope

The Disaster Relief Coordination System is designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness
of disaster response efforts through improved communication, resource management, and real-time
data sharing. The system enables relief agencies, government bodies, and volunteers to coordinate
seamlessly and make informed decisions during emergency situations.
1. Real-time Communication and Collaboration:
o The system enables instant communication between various stakeholders, including
government agencies, NGOs, volunteers, and first responders.
o Integrated messaging and notification services ensure that critical information, such
as weather updates, emergency alerts, and resource requests, is disseminated in real-
time.
2. Resource Management and Allocation:
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o The system tracks available resources such as food, medical supplies, and shelter,
ensuring optimal distribution based on real-time needs.
o Relief coordinators can allocate resources to specific disaster zones based on the
severity of impact and priority of needs, improving overall response efficiency.
3. Multi-platform Accessibility:
o The system is accessible via mobile apps, web interfaces, and desktop platforms,
allowing users to coordinate relief efforts from any location.
o Remote access capabilities ensure that relief efforts can continue even if team
members are dispersed across different locations.
4. Security and Privacy Features:
o All communication and data transfers are encrypted using industry-standard
protocols to ensure the privacy and security of sensitive information.
o Role-based access controls allow only authorized personnel to access critical
resources and sensitive data, enhancing overall system security.
5. Automated Reporting and Accountability:
o The system automatically generates reports on resource usage, disaster response
progress, and relief operations, ensuring transparency and accountability.
o Logs of all actions are maintained, allowing administrators to review the
coordination efforts and make adjustments as needed.

1.5 References
 United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, United Nations, 2015.
 Available at: https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-
2015-2030
 This document outlines global disaster risk reduction strategies and provides a framework
for building resilient infrastructures.
 World Bank Group, The Role of Digital and Data Technologies in Disaster Risk Management:
A Review of Disaster Relief Systems and Coordination Strategies, World Bank Group, 2020.
 Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/
 This review details how digital technologies, including IoT and GIS, are applied in disaster
risk management and relief coordination.
 Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Humanitarian Response Plan: A Coordination
Guide for Crisis Management, IASC, 2019.
 Available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/
 This document offers guidelines on humanitarian coordination and management during
disaster response efforts.

2. Overall Description

2.1 Product Perspective

The Disaster Relief Coordination System is designed to streamline and enhance disaster
management efforts by providing real-time communication, resource management, and data
sharing. From a product development and user-centric perspective, this system offers critical
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features and benefits that serve a wide range of users involved in disaster relief and response
operations.
1. Core Features:
o Real-Time Communication and Coordination: The system allows stakeholders
such as government agencies, NGOs, and first responders to communicate and
coordinate relief efforts in real-time using a centralized platform.
o Resource Tracking and Allocation: Enables monitoring of relief resources such
as medical supplies, food, and shelter availability, ensuring that these are
distributed effectively to disaster-stricken areas.
o Multi-Platform Access: Accessible via web and mobile platforms, allowing users
to engage with the system from any location, even in areas with limited resources.
2. Benefits:
o Improved Efficiency in Relief Operations: Real-time communication and
resource tracking ensure that relief efforts are timely and that the most critical
areas receive attention first.
o Better Decision-Making: The integration of data analytics and GIS helps decision-
makers visualize situations, forecast needs, and deploy resources based on real-
time data.
o Enhanced Coordination: The system promotes better coordination among
different stakeholders, minimizing delays and redundancies in relief efforts.
o Increased Transparency and Accountability: Automated reporting features
provide logs of actions taken, resources allocated, and performance metrics,
ensuring transparency and accountability in disaster response.
o Scalability and Flexibility: The system can be scaled to handle disaster
responses of varying sizes and can be adapted to different types of disasters,
including floods, earthquakes, and pandemics.
3. Target Users:
o Government Agencies: National and local governments responsible for disaster
response and relief coordination can use the system to monitor progress, allocate
resources, and communicate with field teams.
o Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs involved in humanitarian
efforts can coordinate with government agencies and volunteers to ensure that
relief efforts are streamlined and effective.
o First Responders: Emergency personnel such as firefighters, paramedics, and
search-and-rescue teams can use the system to track the situation in real-time,
manage resources, and collaborate with other agencies.
o Volunteers and Relief Workers: Individuals and volunteer groups assisting with
disaster relief can use the platform to coordinate efforts, receive instructions, and
report issues from the field.
o Logistics and Supply Chain Managers: Responsible for ensuring that the right
resources are delivered to the right locations at the right time, these users will
benefit from real-time resource tracking and logistics management.
o Community Leaders: Local leaders and authorities can use the system to relay
critical information to affected communities, helping ensure that relief efforts are in
line with actual needs.

2.2 Product Functions

Here’s how the Product Functions section can be adapted for your Disaster Relief
Coordination System project:

1. 2.2 Product Functions

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The Disaster Relief Coordination System incorporates several critical functions to improve
disaster response and management. These functions leverage real-time data, communication
tools, and resource management capabilities to ensure effective disaster relief efforts. Below are
the key functions typically included in such a system:
2. Real-Time Communication and Alerts:
o Functionality: The system allows instant communication between various
stakeholders, including government agencies, NGOs, first responders, and
volunteers. It provides push notifications or alerts to inform users about ongoing
events, such as new incidents or changes in disaster response plans.
o Benefit: Ensures that all parties involved are kept up-to-date with the latest
information, enabling faster response times and improved coordination during
emergencies.
3. Resource Management and Allocation:
o Functionality: The system tracks the availability, location, and status of critical
resources such as food, medical supplies, personnel, and shelter. It also allows
users to allocate resources to specific areas based on real-time needs.
o Benefit: Optimizes the distribution of resources to the most affected regions,
reducing delays and preventing wastage or misallocation.
4. Incident Reporting and Response Tracking:
o Functionality: Users can report incidents such as new disaster outbreaks,
infrastructure damage, or emergencies via the system. The platform tracks these
reports and monitors the response process, ensuring that the right personnel or
resources are dispatched in a timely manner.
o Benefit: Facilitates faster and more organized incident response, reducing the
impact of disasters by ensuring rapid intervention and resource deployment.
5. Volunteer and Personnel Management:
o Functionality: The system provides tools to manage the deployment of volunteers
and relief workers, including tracking their location, status, and assigned tasks. It
can also schedule shifts, assign roles, and coordinate efforts between different
teams.
o Benefit: Improves the efficiency and coordination of human resources during
disaster relief operations, ensuring that all teams are aligned and working in
unison.
.
6. Multi-Platform Access:
o Functionality: The system can be accessed via web-based platforms, mobile
apps, and desktop applications. This ensures that all users, regardless of location
or device, can connect and participate in relief efforts.
o Benefit: Allows stakeholders to stay connected and manage disaster relief
activities from anywhere, even in remote or disaster-stricken areas.
7. Security and Privacy Protocols:
o Functionality: The system employs encrypted communication channels, secure
user authentication, and role-based access control to protect sensitive information.
It ensures that only authorized personnel can access critical data or issue
commands within the system.
o Benefit: Protects the integrity and confidentiality of disaster relief operations,
ensuring that malicious actors cannot compromise the system during emergencies.

2.3 User Classes and Characteristics

Defining user classes for the Disaster Relief Coordination System is crucial for understanding
the diverse needs and preferences of different user groups involved in disaster response and
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management. These user classes vary based on their roles, responsibilities, and the environment
in which the system is used. Below is a breakdown of user classes and their characteristics:
1. Government Agencies (Primary Users)
o Decision-Makers: Officials responsible for disaster response strategies and
resource allocation. They require comprehensive data and analytics to make
informed decisions.
o Communication Needs: Need robust communication tools to coordinate with other
agencies and stakeholders effectively during emergencies.
o Policy and Compliance: Require features that help ensure compliance with
governmental policies and standards regarding disaster management.
o Access to Historical Data: Interested in analyzing past disaster response data to
improve future planning and resource management.
2. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
o Humanitarian Focus: NGOs focus on providing immediate aid and relief to
affected populations. They need a system that can quickly relay information and
resources where they are needed most.
o Field Operatives: Staff and volunteers working on the ground who require mobile
access to report incidents, track resources, and communicate in real-time.
o Collaboration: Need to collaborate with other organizations and government
agencies, requiring shared access to data and incident reports.
o Flexible Resource Management: Interested in features that allow for rapid
deployment and tracking of humanitarian supplies and personnel.
3. First Responders (Emergency Services)
o Real-Time Information: Require immediate access to incident reports, resource
availability, and situational updates to respond effectively.
o Mobile Accessibility: Field personnel need a mobile-friendly interface that allows
them to update their status and share information while on the move.
o Coordination with Other Services: Need to collaborate with other emergency
services (e.g., police, fire departments) for a coordinated response to disasters.
o Training and Protocols: Require systems that can provide real-time updates on
protocols and best practices for disaster response.
4. Community Leaders and Local Authorities
o Local Insight: Leaders who understand the specific needs and dynamics of their
communities. They require tools to gather feedback from residents and provide
updates during disasters.
o Resource Allocation: Interested in features that help them manage local
resources and coordinate with government agencies and NGOs.
o Engagement Tools: Need platforms that facilitate communication with residents,
such as alert systems for updates or instructions during emergencies.
o Data-Driven Decisions: Prefer access to data analytics that can guide local
disaster preparedness and response efforts.
5. Volunteers and Relief Workers
o Task Management: Volunteers need tools to understand their roles and tasks
within the relief effort, including real-time updates and scheduling.
o Training Resources: Require access to training materials and protocols to ensure
effective participation in relief activities.
o Communication Needs: Need a reliable communication platform to stay
connected with team leaders and other volunteers.
o Impact Tracking: Interested in features that allow them to report their activities
and track the impact of their contributions.
6. Logistics and Supply Chain Managers
o Resource Tracking: Require tools to track the movement and availability of
supplies, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently during disaster response.
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o Data Integration: Need systems that integrate with existing logistics platforms to
streamline supply chain management.
o Forecasting and Planning: Interested in features that help forecast needs based
on real-time data and historical trends to better prepare for future disasters.
o Collaboration Tools: Require collaboration features to coordinate with NGOs and
government agencies on resource allocation.

2.4 Operating Environment

The environment for the Disaster Relief Coordination System involves various components that
ensure the system functions effectively during disaster response and management. Below is a
detailed description of these elements:
1. Hardware Platform:
o Server Infrastructure:
 Cloud Servers: The primary hardware consists of cloud-based servers that
host the system’s backend services, data storage, and processing capabilities,
ensuring high availability and scalability during peak usage times (e.g.,
during major disasters).
 Local Servers: In addition to cloud services, some deployments may include
local servers for regional data processing and offline functionality in areas
with limited internet connectivity.
o User Devices:
 Mobile Devices: Smartphones and tablets used by field personnel,
volunteers, and other stakeholders to access the system and report incidents.
The system should be compatible with both Android and iOS devices.
 Workstations: Desktop computers used by decision-makers, government
agencies, and NGOs for data analysis, resource allocation, and overall system
management.
o Communication Devices:
 Radio Communication Tools: Walkie-talkies or other radio devices may be
integrated for field communications when mobile networks are unavailable.
 GPS Devices: Used for tracking personnel and resources in real-time,
ensuring effective deployment and monitoring.
2. Operating Systems:
o Mobile Applications:
 Operating Systems:
 Android: Versions 5.0 (Lollipop) and above to support Android
smartphones.
 iOS: Versions compatible with the latest iPhone and iPad models to
support iOS devices.
o Web Applications:
 Browser Compatibility: The system’s web interface should be compatible
with major browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge) to ensure
accessibility from various desktop and laptop environments.
3. User Environment:
o Physical Environment:
 The system will operate in various environments, including urban, rural, and
disaster-stricken areas. It must be designed to withstand challenges such as
unstable internet connectivity, power outages, and limited access to
infrastructure.
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 Consideration for mobile usage in outdoor and remote environments,

ensuring that mobile applications function effectively even under challenging
conditions.
o Network Environment:
 Reliable internet connectivity (Wi-Fi, cellular) is crucial for continuous
operation, but the system should also have capabilities for offline
functionality and data caching in areas with limited connectivity.
 Support for mesh networks or peer-to-peer communication among devices in
disaster situations where traditional network infrastructure may be
compromised.

2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints

When designing and implementing the Disaster Relief Coordination System, several constraints
must be addressed to ensure the system is functional, secure, and user-friendly. These constraints
can be categorized into technical, environmental, regulatory, and user-related factors:
1. Technical Constraints:
o Hardware Limitations:
 Server Performance: The system must be able to handle high traffic during
disasters, requiring robust server capabilities to prevent slowdowns or
crashes.
 Device Compatibility: The system must be compatible with a wide range of
devices used by stakeholders (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops), which
may vary in performance and specifications.
o Connectivity Issues:
 Network Reliability: Dependence on internet connectivity means that
outages or disruptions can affect system performance. The system should
have offline capabilities to ensure continued functionality during network
failures.
 Data Synchronization: Ensuring that data is accurately synchronized across
devices when connectivity is restored after outages.
o Scalability:
 User Load: The design must accommodate a large number of users accessing
the system simultaneously during disaster response, requiring load balancing
and scaling strategies.
2. Security Constraints:
o Data Protection:
 Encryption Standards: Ensuring all sensitive data (e.g., user information,
incident reports) is encrypted both in transit and at rest, adhering to industry
standards (e.g., AES, TLS).
 Access Controls: Implementing strict access controls to limit data access
based on user roles and responsibilities.
o System Vulnerability:
 Regular Security Audits: The system must undergo regular security
assessments to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities, ensuring it remains
resilient against attacks.
3. Regulatory Constraints:
o Compliance:
 Data Privacy Regulations: The system must comply with local and
international data protection laws (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), especially regarding
user data collection, storage, and consent processes.
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 Safety Standards: Compliance with relevant safety and security standards

for software systems used in emergency management, ensuring the reliability
and safety of the technology.
o Reporting and Documentation:
 Regulatory Reporting: The system should facilitate the generation of
reports required by regulatory bodies for accountability and compliance
purposes.
4. User Constraints:
o User Experience:
 Ease of Use: The interface must be intuitive and user-friendly, especially for
individuals who may not be technologically savvy, such as older adults or
volunteers with limited training.
 Mobile Compatibility: The system's mobile application should be
compatible with various devices and operating systems to ensure accessibility
for all users, especially those in the field.
o Multi-User Management:
 Role-Based Access Control: The system must allow for easy management of
access rights for multiple user roles (e.g., first responders, NGOs,
government officials) and provide straightforward methods for adding or
removing users.
o Training and Support:
 User Education: Providing adequate training and documentation is essential
to help users understand the system's features, security measures, and
troubleshooting processes.

2.6 User Documentation

1. User Manual
o Overview: A comprehensive guide covering installation, setup, and usage of the
system.
o Sections:

 Introduction to the Disaster Relief Coordination System: Overview of

system purpose, key features, and benefits.
 Installation Instructions: Step-by-step guide for setting up the software and
hardware components, including any necessary configurations.
 Configuration Settings: Instructions for configuring system settings, such as
user roles, permissions, and alerts.
 User Access Management: Guidelines on how to add, modify, or remove
user accounts and manage access levels for different stakeholders.
 Incident Reporting Procedures: Detailed instructions on how to report and
track incidents using the system.
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 Data Access and Privacy Policies: Explanation of data handling practices,

user privacy measures, and compliance with regulations.
2. Quick Start Guide
o Overview: A concise, easy-to-follow guide to help users get started quickly.

o Contents:

 Unboxing and Overview: Description of the system components and their

purposes.
 Step-by-Step Installation Instructions: Simplified installation process to
get the system up and running in a timely manner.
 Initial Setup Process: Quick instructions for configuring basic settings and
user accounts.
 Basic Usage Instructions: Overview of key functionalities, such as reporting
incidents, accessing resources, and monitoring activities.
3. Maintenance Guide
o Overview: Guidelines on maintaining the system for optimal performance and
reliability.
o Contents:

 System Updates: Instructions on how to check for and install software

updates to ensure the system is current and secure.
 Data Backup Procedures: Guidelines for regularly backing up data to
prevent loss during system failures or disasters.
 Performance Monitoring: Tips on monitoring system performance and
identifying potential issues before they become critical.
 Troubleshooting Common Issues: Solutions to frequently encountered
problems, including connectivity issues, user access errors, and data
synchronization problems.
4. Training Materials
o Overview: Resources designed to educate users on effectively using the system.

o Contents:

 Video Tutorials: Short instructional videos covering various features and

functionalities of the system.
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 FAQs: A list of frequently asked questions to help users quickly find answers
to common inquiries.
 Webinars/Workshops: Information about scheduled training sessions,
including topics covered and how to participate.
5. Support Documentation
o Overview: Resources available for users who need additional help or technical
support.
o Contents:

 Contact Information for Support: Details on how to reach technical

support, including phone numbers, email addresses, and support hours.
 Community Forums: Links to online forums or discussion groups where
users can ask questions and share experiences with other users.

2.7 Assumptions and Dependencies

1. Assumed Third-Party Components

o Cloud Service Providers: Assumes reliable uptime, security, and performance from
third-party cloud services (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud) to manage large volumes of
disaster-related data, such as resource tracking, communication, and analytics.
o GIS Platforms: Assumes seamless integration with third-party GIS platforms (e.g.,
Google Maps, OpenStreetMap) for accurate location tracking, mapping of disaster
areas, and real-time data visualization.
o Communication Systems: Assumes availability and reliability of third-party
communication platforms (e.g., SMS, email, radio systems) used to send alerts and
coordinate resources with stakeholders.
2. Operating Environment Assumptions
o Network Infrastructure: Assumes that disaster-stricken areas have some level of
network infrastructure (cellular, Wi-Fi, or satellite) available for communication.
However, the system should be designed to handle intermittent connectivity or low-
bandwidth environments.
o Environmental Conditions: Assumes that the hardware components (servers,
network devices) and communication devices used in the system will not be exposed
to extreme weather conditions unless disaster-specific, robust infrastructure is in
place.
3. User and Market Assumptions
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o User Adoption: Assumes that relief workers, government agencies, and non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) are willing and able to adopt the disaster
management system and have a basic understanding of how to use IoT-enabled tools
and platforms.
o Training and Support: Assumes that end-users (relief coordinators, volunteers, and
local authorities) will undergo adequate training to operate the system effectively.
o Market Trends: Assumes that governments and international organizations will
continue investing in disaster management technologies, influencing expectations for
more advanced tools in relief coordination.
4. Security and Compliance Assumptions
o Regulatory Compliance: Assumes that the system will adhere to existing
regulations and standards for disaster management, as well as data protection laws
(e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) for handling sensitive data related to affected individuals or
relief resources.
o Vulnerability Management: Assumes that the system will be regularly updated
with security patches to respond to emerging security threats without significant
system downtime.
5. Integration and Compatibility Assumptions
o Interoperability with Other Systems: Assumes that the disaster relief system can
integrate smoothly with other systems used by relief agencies (e.g., logistics
management platforms, emergency services software, or public health systems)
without significant compatibility issues.
o Device Compatibility: Assumes that users will have access to compatible devices
(e.g., smartphones, tablets, or laptops) and that the system will be able to run on
common operating systems (Android, iOS, Windows, etc.) without performance
issues.
o Existing Infrastructure: Assumes that regions where the system will be deployed
have the basic IT infrastructure (such as communication hubs or portable satellite
connections) to enable the coordination system to function effectively.
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3. External Interface Requirements

3.1 User Interfaces

3.2 Hardware Interfaces

The hardware interface describes how the system interacts with various hardware components to
support the operations of the disaster relief coordination system. This involves ensuring that users
can report incidents, manage resources, and coordinate relief efforts using a range of hardware
devices.
 1.2.1 User Devices (Mobile Phones, Tablets, Desktops)
 Purpose: Users access the system through various devices like smartphones, tablets, and
desktops.
 Interfaces Supported:
o Mobile Access: The system should be responsive and accessible via mobile
browsers or mobile apps (iOS/Android). Mobile devices with GPS and camera
functionality will be used for real-time incident reporting.
o Desktop Access: Web application accessible through standard browsers (e.g.,
Chrome, Firefox) with support for various screen resolutions.
 Hardware Requirements:
o Smartphones/Tablets: iOS 12+ and Android 6+ for mobile apps; access to camera,
GPS, and network (Wi-Fi, 4G/5G).
o Desktop Computers: Minimum screen resolution of 1024x768; any modern
browser (with HTML5 and CSS3 support).
 1.2.2 GPS and Location Tracking Devices
 Purpose: Enable real-time location tracking for volunteers, resources, and affected
individuals.
 Interfaces Supported:
o Integration with GPS systems in smartphones, tablets, or external GPS devices.
o Integration with external GPS tracking systems (for resources like relief vehicles).
 Hardware Requirements:
o Devices must support GPS or equivalent location services (such as GLONASS or
Galileo).
o Relief vehicles or mobile units may require external GPS trackers.
 1.2.3 Internet Connectivity
 Purpose: Enable the system to function in remote or disaster-affected areas with varying
levels of internet connectivity.
 Interfaces Supported:
o Mobile Data (3G/4G/5G): Allow mobile devices to report incidents, request
resources, and send location data even when on the move.
o Satellite Internet: In areas with no traditional network coverage, satellite-based
internet should be supported.
 Hardware Requirements:
o Smartphones/tablets capable of connecting to mobile data networks (3G, 4G, 5G).
o Optional: Satellite phones or modems for areas with no mobile network.
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3.3 Software Interfaces

The software interfaces describe how the disaster relief coordination system interacts with various
software components, external systems, and APIs to ensure seamless functionality and data flow.
 1.3.1 Frontend-Backend Interface
 Purpose: The frontend (React) communicates with the backend (Express/Node.js) to handle
user requests, data submission, and responses.
 Interface Supported:
o RESTful APIs: The backend exposes RESTful APIs for the frontend to interact
with. These include endpoints for login, incident reporting, resource management,
etc.
 Software Requirements:
o HTTP/HTTPS protocols for secure communication between the frontend and
backend.
o JSON format for data exchange.
o Middleware (e.g., JWT for authentication) to handle security and authentication
between frontend and backend.
 1.3.2 Database Interface
 Purpose: Manage interactions between the application backend (Node.js/Express) and the
database (MongoDB).
 Interface Supported:
o MongoDB Driver or Mongoose ORM: Allows the backend to perform CRUD
operations on the MongoDB database.
o Indexes and replication setup for quick query execution and fault tolerance in the
database.
 Software Requirements:
o MongoDB connection string and credentials for database access.
o API for querying data related to incidents, users, resources, and tasks.
 1.3.3 Authentication and Authorization Services
 Purpose: Provide secure user authentication and role-based access control for different
system users (e.g., admins, volunteers, citizens).
 Interface Supported:
o JWT (JSON Web Tokens): For secure token-based authentication after user login.
 Software Requirements:
o Authentication API for user login and token generation.
o Authorization middleware to control access based on user roles (e.g., admin vs.
volunteer vs. citizen).
 1.3.4 Notification and Messaging Services
 Purpose: Notify users of important updates, new incidents, and task assignments through
multiple communication channels.
 Interface Supported:
o Push Notifications API: For browser or mobile app notifications (Firebase Cloud
Messaging or OneSignal).
o SMS/Email APIs: For notifying users via SMS or email (Twilio for SMS, SendGrid
for email).
o Real-time Communication: WebSocket or third-party services (e.g., Pusher) for
real-time chat and alerts.
 Software Requirements:
o API keys and configurations for push notifications and SMS/Email services.
o WebSocket endpoints for real-time communication.
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3.4 Communications Interfaces

The communication interfaces outline how different parts of the system and external entities
interact to facilitate communication between users, components, and external systems. In a disaster
relief coordination system, effective communication is critical for real-time updates, incident
reporting, resource allocation, and team coordination.
 1.4.1 User Communication Interface
 Purpose: Facilitate communication between users (e.g., volunteers, admins, citizens) and
the system for incident reporting, task management, and notifications.
 Interface Supported:
o WebSocket Protocol: Real-time communication between users and the system,
allowing for live chat, incident updates, and notifications.
 Software Requirements:
o WebSocket endpoints to handle real-time messaging and notifications.
o API endpoints for sending and receiving communication between users and the
system (e.g., incident reporting API, notification API).
 1.4.2 Volunteer and Admin Communication
 Purpose: Provide a communication channel between volunteers and admins for task
assignment, updates on disaster zones, and coordination.
 Interface Supported:
o WebSocket for Real-Time Chat: Enable real-time chat between admins and
volunteers for quick communication.
o Task Management APIs: Admins can assign tasks, and volunteers can update their
status through these APIs, ensuring effective coordination.
 Software Requirements:
o Real-time communication logic implemented using WebSockets or third-party
services (e.g., Pusher).
o Notification APIs to alert volunteers about new tasks or updates.
 1.4.3 Incident and Resource Reporting Interface
 Purpose: Allow users (citizens, volunteers) to report incidents and request resources in real-
time.
 Interface Supported:
o Real-Time Update (WebSocket): Allow users to receive real-time updates on the
status of their incident reports or resource requests.
 Software Requirements:
o Real-time communication services for delivering updates as soon as admins or relief
workers respond.

4. System Features
The system features describe the core functionalities provided by the disaster relief coordination
system. These features are designed to support disaster management efforts by facilitating real-time
communication, resource allocation, incident reporting, and coordination between volunteers,
citizens, and administrators.
 2.1 Incident Reporting and Management
 Description: Allows citizens and volunteers to report incidents such as accidents, injuries,
or infrastructure damage during disasters.
 Key Features:
o Incident Submission Form: Users can submit details such as the type of incident,
location (using GPS), description, and attach photos or videos.
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o Real-Time Updates: Users receive real-time notifications on the status of their

reported incidents (e.g., pending, under review, resolved).
o Priority Assignment: Admins can assign a priority level (e.g., high, medium, low)
to each reported incident based on severity.
o Incident Tracking: Users and admins can track the history and resolution of
incidents over time.
 2.2 Resource Allocation and Tracking
 Description: Enables the system to manage and allocate resources such as food, medical
supplies, and shelter.
 Key Features:
o Resource Request Form: Users and volunteers can request resources needed in
disaster-affected areas.
o Resource Inventory Management: Admins can monitor the availability of
resources in real-time, including stock levels, location, and expiration dates (if
applicable).
o Resource Assignment: Resources can be assigned to specific incidents or relief
efforts based on need and availability.
o Tracking and Delivery: Real-time tracking of resource distribution, with updates
on delivery status and estimated arrival times.
 2.3 Volunteer Management and Task Assignment
 Description: Manages volunteers and their tasks, allowing admins to coordinate and assign
tasks during disaster relief efforts.
 Key Features:
o Volunteer Registration: Volunteers can register, providing personal details, skills,
and availability.
o Task Assignment: Admins can create tasks (e.g., distributing supplies, rescuing
victims) and assign them to specific volunteers or groups.
o Real-Time Task Updates: Volunteers receive real-time notifications of new tasks,
changes, or cancellations.
o Volunteer Tracking: Admins can track the location and status of volunteers using
GPS.
o Task Completion Status: Volunteers can update the status of tasks in real-time,
marking them as "in progress" or "completed."
 2.4 Geolocation and Mapping
 Description: Provides real-time mapping and geolocation services to assist with incident
reporting, resource distribution, and volunteer coordination.
 Key Features:
o Volunteer and Resource Tracking: Track the real-time location of volunteers,
vehicles, and resources on the map.
 2.5 Communication and Notification System
 Description: Facilitates real-time communication between users, volunteers, and
administrators.
 Key Features:
o In-App Messaging: Real-time chat functionality between users (volunteers, admins)
for quick coordination.
o Real-Time Alerts: Immediate alerts for users based on proximity to disaster zones
or high-priority incidents

5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements

5.1. Performance Requirements
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The performance of the Disaster Relief Coordination System is crucial for ensuring the system
operates efficiently during emergencies when time-sensitive actions are required. The system must
perform optimally, even under high demand, to ensure reliable coordination.
 Response Time:
o Most operations (e.g., task assignments, incident reporting, resource updates) should
be completed within 2-3 seconds, even during peak load periods.
 Throughput:
o The system must handle high throughput, supporting thousands of concurrent users,
such as volunteers, relief workers, and government officials, without performance
degradation.
 Scalability:
o The system should be scalable both vertically and horizontally, allowing it to handle
spikes in traffic and data during disasters by adding more resources as needed.
 Load Balancing:
o The system must distribute traffic evenly across multiple servers to ensure
continuous operation without bottlenecks.
 Real-Time Updates:
o The system should provide real-time updates, especially for time-sensitive tasks like
resource allocation and task assignments. Data refresh and updates must occur within
1-2 seconds.

5.2. Safety Requirements

Safety is a critical concern, especially in a system used during disaster relief operations where the
security and reliability of information can impact lives.
 System Stability:
o The system must be designed to avoid crashes or failures, particularly during high-
pressure situations. It should undergo rigorous testing to ensure it can withstand
heavy traffic without jeopardizing critical operations.
 Data Accuracy:
o The system must maintain data integrity, ensuring that the information provided—
such as the status of resources, volunteer availability, and task assignments—is
always accurate and up-to-date.
 Redundancy and Fault Tolerance:
o The system should include redundancy measures (e.g., backup servers, data
replication) to prevent loss of information or downtime in case of hardware failures.
 Disaster Recovery:
o In the event of a system failure, a disaster recovery plan must be in place, allowing
the system to be restored quickly with minimal data loss.

5.3. Security Requirements

Given the sensitive nature of the data involved—such as personal information, financial records,
and operational details—the system must prioritize security to prevent unauthorized access and data
breaches.
 Data Encryption:
o All sensitive data, including personal information and operational details, must be
encrypted both at rest and in transit using industry-standard encryption protocols
(e.g., AES-256).
 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):
o Different users (administrators, volunteers, NGOs, government officials) must have
specific roles and permissions to ensure they can only access information necessary
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for their roles. For example, volunteers should not access sensitive financial or
personal data.
 Authentication and Authorization:
o The system should employ strong authentication methods, including two-factor
authentication (2FA), to verify user identities. Authorization controls must ensure
users can only perform actions aligned with their role and permissions.
 Regular Security Audits:
o The system must undergo periodic security audits to identify and address
vulnerabilities. Security patches should be applied promptly to keep the system
protected.
 Incident Response and Logging:
o The system should have real-time monitoring for potential security breaches and log
all activities for auditing. Any security incident must trigger an immediate response,
including notification of relevant administrators.
 Data Privacy Compliance:
o The system must comply with data protection laws such as GDPR and CCPA. It
must provide users with control over their personal data, including the ability to
delete or modify it, while ensuring that personal data is only collected and used
when necessary.

5.1 Software Quality Attributes

1. Security
 Definition: The system must protect against unauthorized access, data breaches, and ensure
the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information (e.g., personal data of affected
individuals, operational details).
 Importance: Protecting sensitive information is essential for maintaining trust and ensuring
the system is not compromised, particularly during a disaster when security vulnerabilities
could be exploited.

2. Usability
 Definition: The system should be user-friendly, with an intuitive interface that enables users
(e.g., volunteers, administrators, NGOs, government officials) to easily perform tasks such
as resource allocation, task assignments, and communication.
 Importance: During emergencies, ease of use is critical for allowing users to quickly
perform essential tasks without the need for extensive training or technical expertise,
ensuring efficient coordination and relief efforts.

3. Reliability
 Definition: The system must consistently perform its intended functions without failure,
especially under unexpected conditions like high user traffic or power outages.
 Importance: Reliable operation is crucial in disaster situations, as any system failure could
lead to delays in delivering aid or critical resources to affected areas.

4. Performance
 Definition: The system should offer fast response times, particularly for time-sensitive
actions such as resource updates, task assignments, and communication between relief
workers.
 Importance: A high-performance system ensures that disaster response operations run
smoothly, with minimal delays in accessing critical information and assigning tasks.

5. Scalability
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 Definition: The system should be capable of handling an increasing number of users, tasks,
and resources as the scope of the disaster grows, without degradation in performance.
 Importance: In large-scale disasters, the ability to scale the system ensures that the platform
can handle the influx of volunteers, relief workers, and resources without requiring a
complete system overhaul.

5.2 Business Rules

Clear business rules are essential for ensuring proper system use, role management, and task
assignments. The system will need well-defined roles, permissions, and guidelines to manage
various users, including volunteers, administrators, and government officials.

1. User Roles and Permissions

 Admin User:
 Functions:
o Manage all user accounts, including creating, editing, and revoking access for
volunteers, government officials, and NGO representatives.
o Configure system settings (e.g., task assignment workflows, resource allocation
priorities, notification settings).
o View, analyze, and export detailed reports of resource usage, volunteer activities,
and task completion logs.
o Manage permissions and access levels for all users, ensuring that sensitive data is
only available to authorized personnel.
 Circumstances:
o Can perform these functions at any time via the web or mobile app, with full access
to all system data and features.
o May set critical system parameters like emergency response protocols, disaster
recovery plans, and user access during system downtimes.

 Relief Coordinator:
 Functions:
o Assign tasks to volunteers and relief workers, ensuring the right resources reach the
correct locations.
o Monitor real-time data, such as resource availability, personnel status, and disaster
severity updates.
o Communicate with field workers and adjust task assignments based on real-time
disaster updates and field reports.
o Review and approve resource requests from affected regions or NGOs.
 Circumstances:
o Can perform these functions while authenticated in the system, with access limited to
specific geographical areas or disaster events based on their role.

 Volunteer/Field Worker:
 Functions:
o Receive and update tasks assigned by the relief coordinators (e.g., distributing aid,
assisting victims).
o Submit field reports on resource needs, disaster conditions, or any other updates
from the ground.
o View task history and personal logs to track contributions and actions taken during
the disaster relief process.
 Circumstances:
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o Can perform these functions while authenticated in the mobile app or web interface,
with permissions granted by coordinators or administrators.

 NGO/Government Official:
 Functions:
o Request resources (e.g., food, water, medical supplies) and personnel for specific
regions affected by the disaster.
o Coordinate with relief coordinators and volunteers, ensuring that relief efforts are
aligned with government policies and priorities.
o Access reports and data related to disaster impact, relief operations, and overall
resource management.
 Circumstances:
o Can perform these functions while authenticated in the system, with permissions
determined by their role and specific involvement in disaster operations.

6. Other Requirements
6.1 Legal and Regulatory Requirements
 Data Privacy: Compliance with laws like GDPR and CCPA to protect personal data.
 Disaster Protocols: Align with standards like the SPHERE or Sendai Framework.
 Licensing: Ensure proper software licenses and certifications.

6.2 Hardware and Infrastructure

 Cloud Infrastructure: Reliable hosting on platforms like AWS or Google Cloud.
 Field Equipment: Support for mobile devices and offline functionality in low-connectivity
areas.
 IoT Integration: Compatibility with environmental sensors for real-time monitoring.

6.3 Cultural and Language Requirements

 Multilingual Support: Interface localized for different languages.
 Cultural Sensitivity: Design inclusive and respectful of local customs.

6.4 Environmental Constraints

 Harsh Conditions: Operate in disaster zones with poor infrastructure and limited
connectivity.
 Resilience: Handle data spikes and increased demand during disasters.

6.5 Ethical and Social Considerations

 Data Ethics: Ensure ethical use of sensitive data.
 Equitable Aid: Fair distribution of resources to all affected areas.

6.6 Operational Requirements

 Training: Provide user guides and support tailored for various roles.
 Deployment: Procedures for system updates, maintenance, and disaster recovery.
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Appendix A: Glossary
<Define all the terms necessary to properly interpret the SRS, including acronyms and
abbreviations. You may wish to build a separate glossary that spans multiple projects or the entire
organization, and just include terms specific to a single project in each SRS.>

Appendix B: Analysis Models

<Optionally, include any pertinent analysis models, such as data flow diagrams, class diagrams,
state-transition diagrams, or entity-relationship diagrams.>

Appendix C: To Be Determined List

<Collect a numbered list of the TBD (to be determined) references that remain in the SRS so they
can be tracked to closure.>