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CONTENTS

1. ETHICAL AI ................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 DESIGN THINKING FRAMEWORK: ............................................................................................... 3
1.2 FIVE WHY ANALYSIS: .................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL AI ............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 5

2. HAVE HEALTHCARE FOR ALL ............................................................................. 5

2.1 MIT DESIGN THINKING FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................... 6
2.2 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING ................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 9

3. ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE........................................................................ 9

3.1 BRAINSTORMING .......................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 CLUSTERING & FINDINGS BASED ON BRAINSTORMING.............................................. 11
3.2 EXAMPLE ON ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE.......................................................... 12
3.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................... 12

4. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 13

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1. ETHICAL AI

Ethical AI means the responsibility and appropriate use of artificial intelligence which takes into
consideration the potential effects on individuals, communities, and the environment. This also
means that we should ensure that the AI are maintained with transparency, accountability,
fairness and non-discriminating and above all must adhere to privacy and human rights. It also
includes taking into account the unforeseen consequences of AI and taking proactive measure to
tackle these negative causes.

Let us now understand some of the ways we can break down this problem with the help of design
thinking frameworks and tool and how we can provide suitable recommendations.

1.1 DESIGN THINKING FRAMEWORK:

 Empathize: One of the primary things which needs to be done is to understand the needs,
values, and perspectives of all the stakeholders involved around AI industry and also the
one’s potential affected.

 Define: We must clearly structure the problem definition and the goals of an AI system.
This mainly includes analysis of possible ethical issues and risks.

 Ideate: Generating a vast list of ideas to approach the problem and the ethical issues
which are already identified. This can be done through brainstorming sessions and
prototyping.

 Prototype: Building a prototype of an AI system and efficiently trial and test the model
among a small group of users. This will give you an insight into how differently the system
reacts and behaves in real time basis and then assess the arising ethical concerns.

 Test: Consistently testing and carrying out iterations on the AI system and then collecting
feedback from various users and acting upon the ethical concerns that arise.

Also, its critical to note that ethical AI is a complicated and ongoing process that needs regular
monitoring, evaluation, and process improvement.

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1.2 FIVE WHY ANALYSIS:

•Why do we need ethical AI?

•Because these systems have the ability to create a strong affect on individuals, society and
Why? environment, hence these needs to be kept positive and useful

• Why Is it critical to have positive and useful benefits?

• Because if these systems of AI are underdeveloped and incompetent, they can potential have
Why? ethical concerns around societal issues like discrimination and inequality.

• Why Is it important to prevent harm and societal concerns?

• Because the negativity that gets created can have an ever lasting impact on human beings and
Why? the society as a whole.

•Why Should we consider long term consequences?

• Because if AI systems are not equipped with the right ethical concerns, it can possibly trigger
Why? various societal issues such as inequality and discrimination.

•Why Is it important to ACT now?

• Because we all know that a lot of organizations are adopting and deploying AI into their working,
and without having AI equipped with ethical guidelines and best practices, it'll become too late to
Why? make changes after its wide adoption.

1.3 EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL AI

 Healthcare: Using artificial intelligence, medical professionals can identify ailments more
swiftly and precisely. Large datasets of patient data may be analysed using machine
learning algorithms to find patterns that might point to a higher risk of specific disorders.

 Autonomous vehicles: Self-driven automobiles employ AI to find their way around

barriers and traverse the road. Additionally, AI systems may be trained to favour moral
and safe practises, such as driving more slowly near schools or avoiding collisions.

 Criminal justice: AI may be used to evaluate the evidence and predict a person's
propensity for reoffending. This can assist in lowering the possibility of erroneous
convictions and ensuring a just and equitable judicial system.

 Smart houses: AI may be used to manage systems and appliances in smart homes,
including lighting, thermostats, and security systems. It is possible to programme AI
systems to give security and energy efficiency first priority.

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1.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

 Create a set of moral guidelines to direct the creation and use of AI systems: Develop
and abide by these guidelines. All parties participating in the creation and application of AI
should abide by these standards, which ought to be openly disclosed and made clear.

 Addressing bias and discrimination requires that AI systems be created with the least
amount of bias and discrimination in mind. Techniques including data cleansing, data
enrichment, and the application of impartial algorithms can be used to accomplish this.

 Ensure explainability and transparency: Ai technologies should be comprehensible and

transparent so that stakeholders may comprehend how the system decides.

 Consideration for data privacy and security: AI systems have to be developed to safeguard
users' privacy and data security. Techniques like data reduction, data anonymization, and safe
data management can be used to accomplish this.

 Regularly assess the effectiveness and influence of Artificial intelligence systems:

Making necessary improvements to guarantee that it continues to adhere to ethical standards.

 Include a range of parties involved in the creation and use of AI systems: especially
individuals who may be impacted by the innovation, to make sure that different points of view
are taken into account.

2. HAVE HEALTHCARE FOR ALL

Access to healthcare is a basic human right, there is a need to provide it for everyone. Everyone
should be able to obtain the medical treatment they require to preserve their bodily and emotional
well-being. It is crucial to ensuring that everyone has the chance to experience a healthy and
fulfilling life, regardless of their socioeconomic background. Inequality in income and other
variables can contribute to health inequities, which can be lessened via universal healthcare.
Affordable healthcare can contribute to lowering poverty, enhancing educational performance, and
boosting economic growth.

We can use some appropriate Design thinking framework and tools that will help us identify the
key metrices that will enable us to overcome challenges and identify the solutions.

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2.1 MIT DESIGN THINKING FRAMEWORK

 Understanding the problem:

a) Talking with patients, healthcare professionals, and facility employees will help you
do research and obtain information about their requirements and trouble spots. This
can include being aware of the present challenges and barriers, such as a shortage of
resources, financial limits, and geographic obstacles, that prohibit everyone from
having access to healthcare.
b) Determine which groups, such as low-income neighbourhoods, rural locations, and
marginalised groups, are disproportionately impacted by a lack of accessibility to
healthcare.
c) Recognize the shortcomings of the present healthcare system and propose solutions.

 Developing possible solutions:

a) Think of approaches to the issue that target certain groups, such as ehealth for
underserved or distant regions, community health centres for underserved urban
areas, or digital healthcare units for underserved rural areas.
b) Create solutions that accommodate for the financial limitations and shortage of
resources, such as conducting instruction for community health professionals or
providing sliding scale payment choices.
c) Formulate strategies that take into consideration the language and cultural
requirements of the target community.

 Prototype:

a) Choose the concepts that have the most chance of succeeding, and then develop a
prototype or Minimum Viable Product, which can potentially be evaluated by patients,
healthcare professionals, and facility personnel.
b) Make a model that takes into mind the limited resources and budget.

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 c) Make a prototype that considers the language and cultural requirements of the target
group.

 Implement:

a) Implement the method in a pilot programme based on the input you've gotten.
b) The target demographic chosen during the testing stages should be the focus of the
pilot programme, which should be conducted in a real-world context.
c) The employees of the healthcare facilities and local healthcare practitioners should
work together on the pilot programme.
d) During the pilot programme, get input from patients, healthcare professionals, and
facility employees and make the required improvements.
e) If the solution works, expand it.

Overall, by taking into consideration the particular requirements and pain areas of the population
and by receiving input all through the procedure to make required modifications, this strategy
enables a consumer approach to improve healthcare for everybody. This strategy enables the
development of a more practical solution that meets user requirements.

2.2 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING

With the help of a stakeholder map it becomes easier for us to identify the areas of risk and the
scopes for improvement. As this framework involves the key players it enables clear decision
making as they are the main drivers in getting any potential outcome from a project. That said,
let’s identify some of the Stakeholders in this design process and let us assess each players
characteristic.

 Government: The government has the task of establishing regulations and providing
funds to guarantee that all citizens have access to high-quality medical care.

 Healthcare Providers: It is the duty of healthcare providers to offer all citizens high-
quality medical treatment.

 Patients: Those in need of medical attention are known as patients.

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  NGOs: They may support the delivery of healthcare services to people who need them
most and can help to increase awareness of healthcare-related issues.

 Private Sector: The provision of healthcare services to people who can afford them
depends on private hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies.

 Philanthropists: Funders can provide money to activities in the healthcare field, such as
supporting research, supplying medical supplies and equipment, and developing new
healthcare activities.

 Academics: Educators may do thorough study and research on healthcare-related topics,

which can guide judgement.

 Media: The media may assist spread knowledge of healthcare-related topics, ensuring that
the general public is aware of the value of medicine and their access rights.

2.3 EXAMPLES

Planning for Health Care in Rural and Underdeveloped Regions.

Improving the accessibility of

healthcare.

Raising awareness on health

and Education.

Strengthening the health care

system.

Integrating Telemedicine.

Establishing a continuous and

sustainable funding model.

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2.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

 Establishing universal health coverage: With access to free or inexpensive medical

treatment, insurance subsidies, and preventative care.

 Launching public health projects: such as supplying tools for health promotion and
education or building public health facilities for underrepresented groups.

 Putting in place the Affordable Care Act: Extending Medicaid eligibility and offering
financial incentives to companies to offer health insurance.

 Improving primary care professionals’ availability: the number of health facilities,

and the availability of telemedicine services can improve access to healthcare in
disadvantaged regions.

 Constructing patient-centric medical homes: This can enable care coordination, and
team-based care.

 Supporting community-based initiatives: Based initiatives such paying community

health workers, expanding access to wholesome meals, and encouraging physical activity.

 Access to psychiatric treatment: Providing mental health education, providing mental

health checks and referrals, among other services.

 Increasing the availability of cheap but quality pharmaceuticals: Giving generic

drugs discounts and opening up access to specialised drugs.

3. ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

The effects of climate change are widespread and have long-term repercussions for the entire
planet. The ecology and ecosystems are already being disrupted, which results in harsh weather,
increasing sea levels, melting ice caps, water contamination, declines in biodiversity, and many
other things. For economies, civilizations, and human health, these repercussions might be
disastrous. Particularly at danger are the most vulnerable people, such as those in low-lying
coastal regions and underdeveloped nations.

3.1 BRAINSTORMING

Design Thinking uses brainstorming as a key strategy to help produce ideas and solutions for
issues. It enables individuals to think of creative approaches that would not occur to them without
an open dialogue. Finding the optimal answer for the problem involves exploring and evaluating a
variety of innovative concepts that are developed through brainstorming. It helps to spark the
imagination and motivates teammates to think creatively. Brainstorming is utilised to pinpoint
important problems and possibilities as well as to produce original solutions that frequently go
beyond the parameters of the current framework.

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 Investigate the phenomenon of climate: Change by gathering and examining data
about it in order to comprehend its causes and impacts.

 Create plans for avoiding and reversing climate change: Consider ways to lower
carbon dioxide emissions and boost carbon sequestration.

 Raise awareness and foster public participation: Inform individuals about the
effects of climate change and develop initiatives and awareness campaigns to encourage
people to take action.

 Promote policy change: Promote the passage of new rules and regulations to curtail
activities that contribute to climate change.

 Investing in renewable energy: To substitute fossil fuels, investment in renewable

sources of energy including solar, wind, and hydropower.

 Support energy efficiency: To cut down on energy use, promote the use of goods,
materials, and technology that are energy efficient.

 Promote sustainable forestry and agricultural practises: Promote the

implementation of carbon-sequestering and energy-saving farming and forestry methods.

 Create new and inventive technology solutions: Create cutting-edge ways to lower
emissions and lessen the impact of climate change.

 Strengthen carbon offset programmes: Create and put into place carbon offset
programmes to cut emissions and lessen the consequences of climate change.

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 3.2 CLUSTERING & FINDINGS BASED ON BRAINSTORMING

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5

 Examine the  Promote public awareness  Substitute fossil  Supporting  Create fresh,
phenomenon of and increase participation fuels, engage in forest cutting-edge
climate change. through educating the alternative energy management technology to
populace about the effects sources like solar, and cut emissions
 To comprehend the of climate change and wind, and agriculture. and lessen the
causes and developing initiatives and hydroelectric. impact of
implications of programs to get people  Facilitate the climate
Cluster climate change, involved in taking action.  Promote energy adoption of change.
gather and efficiency and to cut forestry and
evaluate relevant  Advocate for new down on energy agricultural  Enhance
data. legislation and regulations use, promote the methods that carbon-
to curtail actions that use of goods, capture carbon offsetting
contribute to climate materials, and and use less initiatives
change. technology that are energy.
energy efficient.
 According to recent  Scope for investment is  Use storytelling to  Broad iteration  Mainly
studies, the needed for efficient share stories and towards supports
combustion of fossil lighting, heating, cooling, events of people investments Sustainable
fuels, which vehicles. affected by climate towards agriculture
contributes up to  Cutting down change. renewable and forestry.
Findings 70% of all deforestation can reduce  Utilize digital energy sources
emissions, is the CO2. media platforms for and advertising
single greatest  Clean energy sources like wider reach. energy
cause of climate wind and solar can replace  Signing petitions efficiency.
change. fossil fuels. for climate change
newsletters.

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3.2 EXAMPLE ON ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

 Deployment of a clean power plant: The main aim is to reduce CO2 from power plants,
the CO2 emissions coming out of these power plants are the largest contributors to Climate
change. Hence the below pointers can help curb these emissions:

a) Proposal of integrating state-specific plans to curb emissions and encouraging to

provide incentives towards clean sources of energy such as solar and wind energy.
b) This plan will also encourage other neighbouring states to create vast energy efficiency
measures to cut down other emissions such as emissions from gas and oil sectors.

3.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

 Renewable Energy: Using sources of renewable energy like solar, wind, and
hydroelectric is one of the best methods to combat climate change. Renewable sources of
power don't emit additional harmful gases into the environment and are clean and
limitless. To lessen their carbon footprints and lessen the consequences of climate change,
governments all over the globe have made significant investments in the advancement of
renewable energy sources.

 Carbon capture and storage: This technique involves removing carbon dioxide from
factories, power stations, as well as other industrial environments and burying it
underground. By lowering the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions that enter the
atmosphere, this technique helps to lessen the effects of climate change.

 Enhancing Energy Efficiency: Reducing the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions

emitted into the environment by boosting clean energy is another significant step.
Improved building insulation, the use of more energy-efficient equipment, and the adoption
of sustainable behaviours like carpooling and using the bus may all help achieve this.

 Reforestation: Trees have a significant role in lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide

levels and reducing the consequences of climate change.

 Adaptation to Climate change: This might involve constructing infrastructure that can
endure harsh weather events, enhancing farming techniques to boost food yields, and
creating policies to lessen water constraint.

 Information and engagement: They are essential for successful climate action. A more
secure future may be achieved through increasing public understanding of the
consequences of climatic changes and working with communities, companies, and
governments to find solutions.

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4. REFERENCES

 Turrentine, M. D. J. (n.d.). What Is Climate Change? NRDC.

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-climate-change

 Smoot, G. (n.d.). Why Is a Carbon Footprint Bad for the Environment? All You Need

to Know. Impactful Ninja. https://impactful.ninja/why-is-a-carbon-footprint-bad-for-

the-environment/

 Siwicki, B. (2020, December 17). Here are the major issues facing healthcare in 2021,

according to PwC. Healthcare IT News.

https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/here-are-major-issues-facing-healthcare-

2021-according-pwc

 Universal Health Coverage Coalition – WHY HEALTH FOR ALL? (n.d.).

http://healthforall.org/why-health/

 Lawton, G., & Wigmore, I. (2021, June 24). AI ethics (AI code of ethics). WhatIs.com.

https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/AI-code-of-ethics

 Rainie, L., Anderson, J., & Vogels, E. A. (2021, June 21). Experts Doubt Ethical AI

Design Will Be Broadly Adopted as the Norm Within the Next Decade. Pew Research

Center: Internet, Science & Tech.

https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/06/16/experts-doubt-ethical-ai-design-

will-be-broadly-adopted-as-the-norm-within-the-next-decade/

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