CIRCLES
Center
Radius : the distance from the center of the circle to the circumference
Diameter : the distance across the circle through the center point
Circumference : the distance around the circle
Arc : part of circumference
Chord : a line that joins two points on the circumference but does not go
through the center
Segment : the area bounded by a chord and an arc
Sector : a section of a circle created by two radii
Tangent : a straight line that touches the circle at one point
Secant : a line that will cross the circumference twice
2D SHAPES
Polygon :
- Is two dimensional closed figure which has at least three straight sides, three angles and three vertices.
(Poly) means many and term (gon) refers to angle.
- The classifications of polygons is made on the basis of number of angles, their sides, and also according
to whether a polygon is regular or irregular
- A polygon has a checklist :
1- flat
2- closed
3- line segments
- Regular polygon : a polygon of equal sides and equal angles
- Irregular polygon : a polygon of not equal sides and not equal angles
3D SHAPES
Faces : flat surface
Edges : line segments
Vertex : corners
Special 3D shapes :
1- Prism : a 3D shape with the same cross-section all the way along its
length
We name a prism using the name of the shape of its cross section (base
and top)
2- Pyramid : a 3D shape with triangular face and polygon base
And it is named using the name of the shape of its base
Cube
• It has 6 faces
• Each face is a square
• It has 12 edges
• It has 8 vertices
Cuboid
• It has 6 faces
• The 2 end faces are squares
• The 4 long faces are rectangles
• It has 12 edges
• It has 8 vertices
Sphere
• It is perfectly symmetrical
• All points on the surface are the same distance from the centre (r)
• It has no edges or vertices
• It has one surface (not a ‘face’ as it isn't flat)
Cylinder
• It has a flat base and a flat top
• The base is the same as the top
• From base to top the shape stays the same
• It has one curved side
Cone
• It has a circle at one end
• It has a point at the other end
• It has a curved side
