APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES

Chapter 04
187

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES

(III) Equation of normal at (x1, y1) is ;

1. DERIVATIVE AS RATE OF CHANGE
In various fields of applied mathematics one has the quest æ ö
ç -1 ÷
to know the rate at which one variable is changing, with y - y1 = ç ÷ ´ x - x1
respect to other. The rate of change naturally refers to time. ç dy ÷
But we can have rate of change with respect to other è dx ø x1 , y1
variables also.
An economist may want to study how the investment
changes with respect to variations in interest rates.
A physician may want to know, how small changes in dosage
can affect the body’s response to a drug.
A physicist may want to know the rate of change of distance
with respect to time.
All questions of the above type can be interpreted and
represented using derivatives.
Definition :
The average rate of change of a function f (x) with respect to
f a+h - f a
x over an interval [a, a + h] is defined as .
h
Definition :
The instantaneous rate of change of f with respect to x is
defined as
NOTES :
f a+h - f a
f ´ x = lim , provided the limit exists. 1. The point P (x1, y1) will satisfy the equation of the curve &
h ®0 h
the equation of tangent & normal line.
NOTES : 2. If the tangent at any point P on the curve is parallel to X-axis
then dy/dx = 0 at the point P.
To use the word ‘instantaneous’, x may not be representing 3. If the tangent at any point on the curve is parallel to
time. We usually use the word ‘rate of change’ to mean Y-axis, then dy/dx = ¥ or dx/dy = 0.
‘instantaneous rate of change’.
4. If the tangent at any point on the curve is equally inclined
to both the axes then dy/dx = +1.
2. EQUATIONS OF TANGENT & NORMAL
5. If the tangent at any point makes equal intercept on the
(I) The value of the derivative at P (x1, y1) gives the coordinate axes then dy/dx = +1.
slope of the tangent to the curve at P. Symbolically 6. Tangent to a curve at the point P (x1, y1) can be drawn
even though dy/dx at P does not exist. e.g. x = 0 is a
dy tangent to y = x2/3 at (0, 0).
f´(x 1 ) = dx = Slope of tangent at
x1 , y1 7. If a curve passing through the origin be given by a rational
P (x1, y1) = m (say). integral algebraic equation, the equation of the tangent
(or tangents) at the origin is obtained by equating to zero
(II) Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is ; the terms of the lowest degree in the equation. e.g. If the
equation of a curve be x2 – y2 + x3 + 3x2y – y3 = 0, the
æ dy ö tangents at the origin are given by x2 – y2 = 0 i.e. x + y = 0
y - y1 = ç ÷ ´ x - x1
è dx ø x1 , y1 and x – y = 0.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 188
2
y1 1 + éë f ´ x1 ùû m1 - m 2
(IV) (a) Length of the tangent (PT) = tan q =
f ´ x1 1 + m1m 2

where m1 & m2 are the slopes of tangents at the intersection

y1 point (x1, y1).
(b) Length of Subtangent (MT) = f ´ x
1

2
(c) Length of Normal (PN) = y1 1 + ëé f ´ x1 ûù

(d) Length of Subnormal (MN) = y1 f ´ (x1)

(V) Differential :
The differential of a function is equal to its derivative
multiplied by the differential of the independent variable.
Thus if, y = tan x then dy = sec2x dx.
In general dy = f ´ (x) dx.

NOTES :

d (c) = 0 where ‘c’ is a constant. NOTES :

d (u + v – w) = du + dv – dw (i) The angle is defined between two curves if the
d (uv) = udv + vdu curves are intersecting. This can be ensured by
* The relation dy = f´(x) dx can be written as finding their point of intersection or by graphically.

dy (ii) If the curves intersect at more than one point then

= f ´ x ; thus the quotient of the differentials angle between curves is found out with respect to
dx the point of intersection.
of ‘y’ and ‘x’ is equal to the derivative of ‘y’ w.r.t. ‘x’.
(iii) Two curves are said to be orthogonal if angle
between them at each point of intersection is right
3. TANGENT FROM AN EXTERNAL POINT angle i.e. m1 m2 = –1.

Given a point P (a, b) which does not lie on the curve

y = f (x), then the equation of possible tangents to the curve 5. SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO CURVES
y = f (x), passing through (a, b) can be found by solving for
the point of contact Q. Shortest distance between two non-intersecting
differentiable curves is always along their common normal.
(Wherever defined)
f h -b
And equation of tangent is y - b = x -a
h -a 6. ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS
(a) Errors
Let y = f (x)
dy dy
From definition of derivative, lim =
dx ® 0 dx dx

dy dy
= approximately
dx dx

æ dy ö
or dy = ç ÷ . dx approximately
è dx ø
Definition :
4. ANGLE BETWEEN THE CURVES (i) dx is known as absolute error in x.
Angle between two intersecting curves is defined as the dx
acute angle between their tangents or the normals at the (ii) is known as relative error in x.
x
point of intersection of two curves.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 189
dx
(iii) ´100 is known as percentage error in x.
x

NOTES :

dx and dy are known as differentials.

(b) Approximations
From definition of derivative,
\ Derivative of f (x) at (x = a) = f ´(a) NOTES :

f (a + dx) - f (a) If f ´ (a) = 0, then for x = a the function may be still increasing
or f ´(a) = dlim
x ®0 dx or it may be decreasing as shown. It has to be identified by a
separate rule.
f (a + dx) - f (a) e.g. f (x) = x3 is increasing at every point.
or ® f '(a) (approximately)
dx Note that, dy/dx = 3x2.
f (a + dx) = f (a) + dx f´ (a) (approximately)

7. DEFINITIONS

1. A function f (x) is called an Increasing Function at a point x = a

if in a sufficiently small neighbourhood around x = a we
have
f (a + h) > f (a)
f (a – h) < f (a)
NOTES :
Similarly Decreasing Function if
1. If a function is invertible it has to be either increasing or
f (a + h) < f (a) decreasing.
f (a – h) > f (a) 2. If a function is continuous, the intervals in which it rises
and falls may be separated by points at which its
Above statements hold true irrespective of whether f is non derivative fails to exist.
derivable or even discontinuous at x = a 3. If f is increasing in [a, b] and is continuous then
2. A differentiable function is called increasing in an interval f (b) is the greatest and f (a) is the least value of
(a, b) if it is increasing at every point within the interval (but f in [a, b]. Similarly if f is decreasing in [a, b] then f (a) is the
not necessarily at the end points). A function decreasing in greatest value and f (b) is the least value.
an interval (a, b) is similarly defined.
5. (a) ROLLE'S Theorem :
3. A function which in a given interval is increasing or Let f (x) be a function of x subject to the following
decreasing is called "Monotonic" in that interval. conditions :
4. Tests for increasing and decreasing of a function at a point : (i) f (x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval
If the derivative f ´(x) is positive at a point x = a, then the of a < x < b.
function f (x) at this point is increasing. If it is negative, then (ii) f ´ (x) exists for every point in the open interval
the function is decreasing. a < x < b.
(iii) f (a) = f (b).
NOTES : Then there exists at least one point x = c such that
Even if f ´(a) is not defined, f can still be increasing or a < c < b where f ´ (c) = 0.
decreasing. (Look at the cases below). (b) LMVT Theorem :
Let f (x) be a function of x subject to the following
conditions :
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 190
(i) f (x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval
of a < x < b. 8. HOW MAXIMA & MINIMA ARE CLASSIFIED
(ii) f ´ (x) exists for every point in the open interval 1. Maxima & Minima
a < x < b.
A function f (x) is said to have a local maximum at x = a if f (a)
is greater than every other value assumed by f (x) in the
Then there exists at least one point x = c such that immediate neighbourhood of x = a. Symbolically
f (b) - f (a)
a < c < b where f ´ (c) = f a > f a+h ù
b-a ú Þ x=a gives maxima
f a > f a - h úû

for a sufficiently small positive h.

Geometrically, the slope of the secant line joining the curve
at x = a & x = b is equal to the slope of the tangent line drawn Similarly, a function f (x) is said to have a local minimum value
to the curve at x = c. at x = b if f (b) is least than every other value assumed by f (x) in
the immediate neighbourhood at x = b. Symbolically if
Note the following : Rolles theorem is a special case of LMVT
since
f b < f b+h ù
f (b) - f (a) ú Þ x=b gives minima for a sufficiently
f (a) = f (b) Þ f ´(c) = =0 f b < f b - h úû
b-a
small positive h.
NOTES :

Physical Interpretation of LMVT :

Now [ f (b) – f (a)] is the change in the function f as x changes
f (b) - f (a)
from a to b so that is the average rate of change
b-a
of the function over the interval [a, b]. Also f ´ (c) is the actual
rate of change of the function for x = c. Thus, the theorem
states that the average rate of change of a function over an
interval is also the actual rate of change of the function at
some point of the interval. In particular, for instance, the average
velocity of a particle over an interval of time is equal to the
velocity at some instant belonging to the interval.
This interpretation of the theorem justifies the name "Mean NOTES :
Value" for the theorem.
(i) The local maximum & local minimum values of a function
(c) Application of rolles theorem for isolating the real roots of are also known as local/relative maxima or local/relative
an equation f (x) = 0 minima as these are the greatest & least values of the
Suppose a & b are two real numbers such that ; function relative to some neighbourhood of the point in
question.
(i) f (x) & its first derivative f ´ (x) are continuous for
a < x < b. (ii) The term ‘extremum’ is used both for maxima or a minima.
(ii) f (a) & f (b) have opposite signs. (iii) A local maximum (local minimum) value of a function may
not be the greatest (least) value in a finite interval.
(iii) f ´ (x) is different from zero for all values of x between
a & b. (iv) A function can have several local maximum & local
minimum values & a local minimum value may even be
Then there is one & only one real root of the equation greater than a local maximum value.
f (x) = 0 between a & b.
(v) Maxima & minima of a continuous function occur
alternately & between two consecutive maxima there is a
minima & vice versa.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 191

2. A necessary condition for maxima & minima (b) f (c) is a maxima of the function f, if
f ´ (c) = 0 & f ´´ (c) < 0.
If f (x) is a maxima or minima at x = c & if f ´ (c) exists then
f ´ (c) = 0. NOTES :
If f ´´ (c) = 0 then the test fails. Revert back to the first
NOTES : order derivative check for ascertaining the maxima or
minima.
(i) The set of values of x for which f ´ (x) = 0 are often
called as stationary points. The rate of change of
function is zero at a stationary point. 5. Summary-working rule
(ii) In case f ´ (c) does not exist f (c) may be a maxima
First : When possible, draw a figure to illustrate them
or a minima & in this case left hand and right hand
problem & label those parts that are important in the
derivatives are of opposite signs.
problem. Constants & variables should be clearly
(iii) The greatest (global maxima) and the least (global distinguished.
minima) values of a function f in an interval [a, b] are
Second : Write an equation for the quantity that is to be
f (a) or f (b) or are given by the values of x which are
maximised or minimised. If this quantity is denoted by ‘y’, it
critical points.
must be expressed in terms of a single independent variable
(iv) Critical points are those where : x. This may require some algebraic manipulations.
dy Third : If y = f (x) is a quantity to be maximum or minimum,
(i) = 0, if it exists; (ii) or it fails to exist find those values of x for which dy/dx = f ´ (x) = 0.
dx
Fourth : Test each values of x for which f ´ (x) = 0 to determine
3. Sufficient condition for extreme values whether it provides a maxima or minima or neither. The usual
tests are :
First Derivative Test
(a) If d2y/dx2 is positive when dy/dx = 0
Þ y is minima.
f ´ c - h > 0ù If d2y/dx2 is negative when dy/dx = 0
ú Þ x = c is a point of local maxima,
f ´ c + h < 0úû Þ y is maxima.
If d2y/dx2 = 0 when dy/dx = 0, the test fails.
where h is a sufficiently small positive quantity
positive for x < x 0 ù
f ´ c - h < 0ù dy ú
ú Þ x = c is a point of local minima,
(b) If is zero for x = x0 ú Þ a maxima occurs at x = x0 .
Similarly dx negative for x > x 0 ûú
f ´ c + h > 0 úû
where h is a sufficiently small positive quantity But if dy/dx changes sign from negative to zero to positive
Note: f ´(c) in both the cases may or may not exist. If it as x advances through x0, there is a minima. If dy/dx does
exists, then f ´ (c) = 0. not change sign, neither a maxima nor a minima. Such points
are called INFLECTION POINTS.
NOTES : Fifth : If the function y = f (x) is defined for only a limited
range of values a £ x £ b then examine x = a & x = b for
possible extreme values.
If f´ (x) does not change sign i.e. has the same sign in a
certain complete neighbourhood of c, then f (x) is either Sixth : If the derivative fails to exist at some point, examine
strictly increasing or decreasing throughout this this point as possible maxima or minima.
neighbourhood implying that f (c) is not an extreme value (In general, check at all Critical Points).
of f .
NOTES :
4. Use of second order derivative in
= If the sum of two positive numbers x and y is
ascertaining the maxima or minima constant than their product is maximum if they are
equal, i.e. x + y = c, x > 0, y > 0, then
(a) f (c) is a minima of the function f, if 1 2 2
f ´ (c) = 0 & f ´´ (c) > 0. xy = é x + y - x - y ù
4 ë û
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 192
= If the product of two positive numbers is constant
then their sum is least if they are equal. 10. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SIGN OF 2ND ORDER
i.e. (x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
DERIVATIVE AND POINTS OF INFLECTION
The sign of the 2nd order derivative determines the concavity
9. USEFUL FORMULAE OF MENSURATION TO of the curve. Such point such as C & E on the graph where
REMEMBER the concavity of the curve changes are called the points of
inflection. From the graph we find that if :
= Volume of a cuboid = lbh.
= Surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl).
= Volume of a prism = area of the base × height.
= Lateral surface of a prism = perimeter of the base × height.
= Total surface of a prism = lateral surface + 2 area of
the base
(Note that lateral surfaces of a prism are all rectangles).
1
= Volume of a pyramid = area of the base × height.
3
d2 y
1 (i) > 0 Þ concave upwards
= Curved surface of a pyramid = (perimeter of the dx 2
2
base) × slant height. d2 y
(ii) < 0 Þ concave downwards.
(Note that slant surfaces of a pyramid are triangles). dx 2
1 2
= Volume of a cone = pr h. d2 y d2y
3 At the point of inflection we find that 2
= 0 and 2
dx dx
= Curved surface of a cylinder = 2prh. changes sign.
= Total surface of a cylinder = 2prh + 2pr . 2
d2 y
Inflection points can also occur if fails to exist (but
4 3 dx 2
= Volume of a sphere = pr . changes its sign). For example, consider the graph of the
3
function defined as,
= Surface area of a sphere = 4pr2.
1 2 é x 3/5 for x Î -¥,1
= Area of a circular sector = r q, where q is in f x =ê 2
2 êë 2 - x for x Î 1, ¥
radians.
NOTES :

The graph below exhibits two critical points one is a point

of local maximum (x = c) & the other a point of inflection
(x = 0). This implies that not every Critical Point is a point
of extrema.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 193
SOLVED EXAMPLES
SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example – 1 Example – 3

If the function f (x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2 x + 1, where a > 0, A function y = f (x) has a second order derivative
attains its maximum and minimum at p and q respectively f ” = 6(x–1). If its graph passes through the point (2, 1)
such that p2 = q, then a equals and at that point the tangent to the graph is y = 3x – 5,
(a) 1 (b) 2 then the function is
(a) (x – 1)2 (b) (x – 1)3
1
(c) (d) 3 (c) (x + 1)3 (d) (x + 1)2
2
Ans. (b) Ans. (b)

Sol. For maximum and minima f ' x = 0 Sol. Given f "( x) = 6 ( x - 1)

Þ 6x 2 -18ax+12a 2 =0 6 (x-1) 2
Þ f '(x) = +c
2
Þ x = a,2a
Also, f’’(x) = 12x - 18x Þ 3 = 3 + c éQ tangent at x = 2 is y = 3x + 5
ê Þ f ' 2 =3
Þc=0 ë
f ''(a) < 0 Þ max at ' a '
f "(2 a ) > 0 Þ min at ' 2 a ' so f '(x) = 3 (x-1) 2

So, p = a and q = 2 a Þ f (x) = (x-1)3 +c1 as curve passes through (2,1)

Given p2 = q
Þ1= ( 2 - 1 )3 + c1
2 2
Þ a =2a Þ a -2a = 0
Þ a(a-2)=0 Þ a = 0, a = 2
Þ c1 = 0 hence f ( x ) = ( x - 1)3

Example – 2 Example – 4

The real number x when added to its inverse gives the

Find the maximum surface area of a cylinder that can be
minimum value of the sum at x equal to
(a) 1 (b) – 1 inscribed in a given sphere of radius R.
(c) – 2 (d) 2
Ans. (a)
1
Sol. f (x) = x+
2
1 2 Sol.
f '(x) = 1- 2
and f "(x) = 3
x x
Now f '(x) = 0

Þ x = ±1
Qf " 1 >0
Let r be the radius and h be the height of cylinder. Consider
Þ x = 1 is point of minima.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 194
the right triangle shown in the figure. where l is the slant height of cone.

2r = 2R cos q and h = 2 R sin q Curve surface area = C = p r l

Using (i) and (ii), express C in terms of h only.
Surface area of the cylinder = 2 p rh + 2 p r2
Þ S (q) = 4 p R2 sin q cos q + 2 p R2 cos2 q C = p r r 2 + h 2 Þ C = p 2hR - h 2 2hR

Þ S (q) = 2 p R2 sin 2q + 2 p R2 cos2q We will maximise C2 .

2 2 3
Þ S’ (q) = 4 p R2 cos 2q – 2 p R2 sin 2q Let C2 = f (h) = 2 p2 h R (2hR – h2) = 2p R 2h R - h
S´ (q) = 0 Þ 2 cos 2q – sin 2q = 0 Þ f ’(h) = 2 p2 R (4hR – 3h2)
Þ tan 2q = 2 Þ q = q0 = 1/2 tan–1 2
f’ (h) = 0 Þ 4hR – 3h2 = 0 Þ h 4 R - 3h = 0
S´´(q0) = – 8 p R2 sin 2q – 4 p R2 cos 2q
Þ h = 4R/3.

æ 2 ö f ´´(h) = 2 p2 R (4R – 6h)

æ 1 ö
S´´(q) = – 8 p R çç2 ÷÷ – 4 p R2 çç ÷÷ < 0
è 5ø è 5ø æ 4R ö
f ´´ ç ÷ = 2 pR2 (4R – 8R) < 0
è 3 ø
Hence surface area is maximum for q = q0 = 1/2 tan–1 2 4R
Hence curved surface area is maximum for h =
Smax = 2 p R2 sin 2 q0 + 2 p R2 cos2 q0 3
Using (i), we get :

æ 2 ö æ 1 +1/ 5 ö 8R 2 2 2
Þ Smax = 2pR 2 çç ÷÷ + 2p R 2 ç ÷ r 2 = 2hR - h 2 = Þ r= R
è 5ø ç 2 ÷ 9 3
è ø

Semi–vertical angle = q = tan–1 r/h = tan–1 1/ 2 .

2
Þ Smax = p R (1 + 5 )
Example – 6
Example – 5 If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying
f(0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 and f(1) = 6, then for some c Î ]0, 1[:
Find the semi-vertical angle of the cone of maximum curved (a) f’(c) = 2g’(c) (b) 2f’(c) = g’(c)
surface area that can be inscribed in a given sphere of radius R. (c) 2f’(c) = 3g’(c) (d) f’(c) = g’(c)

Ans. (a)
Sol. By LMVT
f (1) - f (0) 6 - 2
f '(c) = = =4
1- 0 1
Sol.
g (1) - g (0) 2-0
g '(c ) = = Þ2
1- 0 1
Þ f ' c = 2 g '(c)

Let h be the height of cone and r be the radius of the cone. Example –7
Consider the right DOMC where O is the centre of sphere
If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 (a, b, c, Î R), then the quadratic equation
and AM is perpendicular to the base BC of cone.
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
OM = h – R, OC = R, MC = r (a) at least one root in (0, 1) (b) at least one root in [2, 3]
R2 = (h – R)2 + r2 ... (i) (c) at least one root in [4, 5] (d) none of the above
and r2 + h2 = l2 ... (ii) Ans. (a)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 195

ax 3 bx 2 = e–x (x2 – 4x + 2)
Sol. Let us consider f x = + +cx
3 2 = e - x ( x - (2 - 2 )) ( x - (2 + 2 ))
a b See the figure and observe how the sign of f ´´ (x) changes.
\ f 0 =0and f 1 = + +c
3 2
2a+3b+6c
= =0(given).
6

As f 0 =f 1 = 0 and f x is continuous and

differentiable also in 0,1 . Sign of f ´´(x) is changing at x = 2 ± 2 .

\ By Rolle’s theorem f x =0 Therefore points of inflextion of f (x) are x = 2 ± 2 .

Þ ax 2 +bx+c=0 has at least one root in the interval (0, 1). f ´´ ( x ) ³ 0 " x Î [-¥, 2 - 2 ] È [2 + 2 , ¥]
Example – 8 Therefore f (x) is “Concave upward”
Find the approximate value of (0.007)1/3.
" x Î (-¥, 2 - 2 ] È [2 + 2 , ¥)

Similarly we can observe

Sol. Let f (x) = (x)1/3
f ´´ ( x ) £ 0 " x Î [2 - 2 , 2 + 2 ]
dx
Now, f (x + dx) - f(x) = f ¢(x).dx = 2/ 3
3x Therefore f (x) is “Convex downwards”
we may write, 0.007 = 0.008 – 0.001
" x Î [2 - 2 , 2 + 2 ]
Taking x = 0.008 and d x = – 0.001, we have
0.001 Example –10
f (0.007) – f (0.008) = - 2/3
3 0.008
Prove that the minimum intercept made by axes on the
0.001 x 2 y2
or f (0.007) – (0.008)1/3 = - 2 or tangent to the ellipse + = 1 is a + b. Also find the
3 0.2 a2 b2
ratio in which the point of contact divides this intercept.
0.001 1 23
f (0.007) = 0.2 – = 0.2 - =
3 0.04 120 120

23
Hence (0.007)1/3 = .
120
Sol.
Example – 9

Discuss concavity and convexity and find points of

Intercept made by the axes on the tangent is the length of
inflexion of y = x2 e–x . the portion of the tangent intercepted between the axes.
Consider a point P on the ellipse whose coordinates are
Sol. Let f (x) = x2 e–x. x = a cost, y = b sint (where t is the parameter)
Differentiate w.r.t.x to get :
dx
f ´ (x) = e–x (2x) + (–e–x) x2 = -asint
dt
= xe–x [2 – x] dy
= b cost
Differentiate again w.r.t. x to get : dt
f ´´(x) = (2 – 2x) e–x + (2x – x2) (–e–x) The equation of the tangent is :

= e–x (2 – 2x – 2x + x2)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 196
b cos t 1
y - b sin t = x - a cos t æ y ö3
- a sin t Þ equation is y – y0 = - ç 0 ÷ x - x 0
x y è x0 ø
Þ cos t + sin t = 1
a b Þ x1/0 3 y - y0 x1/0 3 = -xy1/0 3 + x 0 y1/0 3
a b
Þ OA = , OB =
cos t sin t Þ x y1/0 3 + yx1/0 3 = x 0 y1/0 3 + y0 x1/0 3
a2 b2 x y1/0 3 y x1/3
Length of intercept = l = AB = + + 0
= x 02 / 3 + y 02/ 3
cos 2 t sin 2 t Þ
x1/0 3 y1/0 3 x1/0 3 y1/0 3
We will minimise l 2.
Let l 2 = f (t) = a2 sec2 t + cosec2 t x y
Þ f´(t) = 2a2 sec2 t tan t – 2b2 cosec2 t cot t Þ equation of tangent is : 1/3
+ 1/3 = a 2/3
f´(t) = 0 Þ a2 sin4 t = b2 cos4 t x0 y0
Þ t = tan–1 b / a Length intercepted between the axes :
f ´´(t) = 2a2 (sec4 t + 2 tan2 t sec2 t)
+ 2b2 (cosec4 t + 2 cosec2 t cot2 t), which is positive. length = (x intercept) 2 + (y intercept) 2
b
Hence f (t) is minimum for tan t = . x intercept = x1/3
0 a
2/3
a
Þ lmin = a 2 (1 + b / a ) + b 2 (1 + a / b) y intercept = = y1/3
0 a
2/3

Þ lmin = a + b 2 2
2 = x1/0 3 a 2/3 + y1/3
0 a
2 /3
æ a ö
PA 2 = ç a cos t - 2 2
÷ + b sin t
è cos t ø
2 4
= x 02/ 3a 4/3 + y02 / 3a 4/3
a sin t
=+ b 2 sin 2 t
cos 2 t = a 2 / 3 x 02 / 3 + y 02 / 3
= (a2 tan2 t + b2) sin2 t
b = a 2/ 3 a 2/3
= (ab + b 2 ) = b 2 Þ PA = b
a+b
= a i.e. constant.
PA b
Hence = Þ P divides AB in the ratio b : a Method 2 :
PB a
Express the equation in parametric form
Example – 11 x = a sin3 t, y = a cos3 t

dx dy
Find the equation of tangent to the curve = 3a sin 2 t cost, = -3a cos 2 t sin t
dt dt
x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 at (x0, y0). Hence prove that the length of the
portion of tangent intercepted between the axes is constant. Equation of tangent is :

-3 a cos 2 t sin t
Sol. Method 1 : (y – a cos3 t) = ( x – a sin3 t)
3 a sin 2 t cos t
x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 Differentiating wrt x,
Þ y sin t – a sin t cos3 t = – x cos t + a sin3 t cos t
-1 -1
2 3
2 3
dy Þ x cos t + y sin t = a sin t cos t
x + y =0
3 3 dx
x y
-
1
Þ + =a
dy æx ö 3 sin t cos t
Þ = -ç 0 ÷
dx x 0 ,y0 è y0 ø in terms of (x0, y0) equation is :
1 x y
æ y ö3 + =a
dy ù x0 / a
1/ 3
y0 / a
1/ 3
Þ ú = -ç 0 ÷
dx û x0 , y0 è x0 ø
Length of tangent intercepted between axes
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 197

2 2 (ii) If O is the origin,

= x int + y int
Area of triangle D OAB = 1/2 (OA) (OB)
2 2 2 2
= a sin t + a cos t = a which is constant 1 2c
= 2ct
2 t
NOTES : = 2 c2
i.e. constant for all tangents because it is independent of t.
1. The parametric form is very useful in these type of
problems. Example – 13
2. Equation of tangent can also be obtained by
substituting b = a and m = 2/3 in the result Find critical points of f (x) = x2/3 (2x – 1).
m -1 m -1
x æ x0 ö y æ y0 ö
+ = 1. Sol. f (x) = 2x5/3 – x2/3
a çè a ÷ø b çè b ÷ø
Differentiate w.r.t. x to get,
Example – 12
10 2 / 3 2 -1/ 3 2 (5x - 1)
f ´(x ) = x - x = .
For the curve xy = c2, prove that 3 3 3 x1/ 3
(i) the intercept between the axes on the tangent at
For critical points,
any point is bisected at the point of contact.
f ´ (x) = 0 or f ´ (x) is not defined.
(ii) the tangent at any point makes with the co-ordinate
axes a triangle of constant area. 1
Put f ´(x) = 0 to get x = .
5
Sol. Let the equation of the curve in parametric form be x = ct, y = c/t
f ´(x) is not defined when denominator = 0.
dx
=c Þ x1/3 = 0 Þ x=0
dt
dy -c
= 1
dt t 2 Now we can say that x = 0 and x = are critical points as
5
Let the point of contact be (ct, c/t)
1
Equation of tangent is : f (x) exists at both x = 0 and x = .
5
-c / t 2
y – c/t = (x – ct) 1
c Þ Critical points of f (x) are x = 0, x = .
5
Þ t2y – ct = –x + ct
Þ x + t2y = 2 ct .......(i) Example – 14
(i) Let the tangent cut the x and y axes at A and B respectively.
The ends A and B of a rod of length 5 are sliding along
x y the curve y = 2x2. Let xA and xB be the x-coordinate of the
Writing the equations as : + =1 ends. At the moment when A is at (0, 0) and B is at (1, 2),
2ct 2c / t
dx B
Þ xintercept = 2ct, yintercept = 2 c/t find the value of the derivative .
dx A
æ 2c ö
Þ A º (2ct, 0) and B º ç 0, ÷
è t ø Sol. We have y = 2x2

2ct + 0 0 + 2c / t ö (AB)2 = (xB – xA)2 + (2x2B – 2x2A)2 = 5 As AB = 5

mid point of AB º æç , ÷ º (ct, c / t)
è 2 2 ø or (xB – xA)2 + 4 (x2B – x2A)2 = 5
Hence, the point of contact bisects AB.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 198

Y \ f (x) is a decreasing function Þ g ¢(x) < 0

Þ g (x) is a decreasing function Q x>0
(
B xB , 2 xB 2 )
Þ g (x) < g (0)
(0, 0) A (1,2)

(x , 2 x A2 ) x3
A Þ x- - sin x < 0 ( Q g (0) = 0)
X 6

x3
dx B Þ x- < sin x ......(2)
Differentiating w.r.t. xA and denoting dx = D 6
A

2 (xB – xA) (D – 1) + 8 (x2B – x2A) (2xB D – 2xA) = 0 x3

Combining (1) and (2) we get x - < sin x < x .
Put xA = 0, xB = 1 6
2 (1 – 0) (D – 1) + 8 (1 – 0) (2D –0) = 0 Example – 17
dxB 1
2D – 2 + 16D = 0 Þ D = 1/9 Þ dx = 9 Show that x / (1 + x) < log (1 + x) < x
A
for x > 0.
Example – 15

4 x
The equation of the tangent to the curve y = x + , that Sol. Let f ( x ) = log (1 + x ) -
x2 1+ x
is parallel to the x-axis, is
(a) y = 0 (b) y = 1 1 (1 + x ) - x
f ´ (x) = -
(c) y = 2 (d) y = 3 1+ x (1 + x ) 2

Ans. (d) x
f ´ ( x) = > 0 for x > 0
Sol. Tangent is parallel to x-axis (1 + x) 2

dy 8 Þ f (x) is increasing.
Þ = 0 Þ 1- 3 = 0 Þ x = 2 Þ y = 3
dx x Hence x > 0 Þ f (x) > f (0) by the definition of the increasing
Example – 16 function.

x 0
x3 Þ log(1 + x ) - > log (1 + 0) -
For 0 < x £ p , show that x - < sin x < x . 1+ x 1+ 0
2 6
x
Sol. Let f (x) = sin x – x Þ log (1 + x ) - >0
1+ x
f ´(x) = cos x – 1 = – (1 – cos x) = – 2 sin2 x/2 < 0
\ f (x) is a decreasing function x
Þ log (1 + x ) > ... (i)
for x > 0 1+ x
\ f (x) < f (0) Þ sin x – x < 0 ( Q f (0) = 0) Now, let g (x) = x – log (1 + x)
Þ sin x < x ......(1)
1 x
3 2
g ´(x ) = 1 - = > 0 for x > 0
x x 1+ x 1+ x
Now let g (x) = x - - sin x \ g ¢(x) = 1 - - cos x
6 2
Þ g (x) is increasing.
2
x Hence x > 0 Þ g (x) > g (0)
To find sign of g ¢(x) we consider f (x) = 1 - - cos x
2
Þ x – log (1 + x) > 0 – log (1 + 0)
\ f¢ (x) = - x + sin x < 0 [From (1)]
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 199
Þ x – log (1 + x) > 0 Now for absolute maxima
Þ x > log (1 + x) ... (ii) We have,
Combining (i) and (ii), we get : Max {g (1), g (0), g (2)}

x i.e., Max {–3, 4, 8}

< log (1 + x ) < x
1+ x On comparing all these values we get g (t) has absolute max.
as 8 at t = 2 and similarly absolute minimum of g (t) is – 3 at
Example – 18
t = 1.
Angle between the tangents to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 6 at
the points (2, 0) and (3, 0) is Example – 20
(a) p/2 (b) p/3
Let f be differentiable for all x.
(c) p/6 (d) p/4
If f (1) = – 2 and f ´(x) ³ 2 for x Î [1, 6], then
(a) f (6) < 8 (b) f (6) ³ 8
Ans. (a)
(c) f (6) = 5 (d) f (6) < 5
Sol. Given equation y = x 2 - 5x + 6 ,given point (2, 0), (3, 0)
Ans. (b)
dy
\ = 2x – 5 Sol. Using LMVT,
dx
f 6 -f 1
æ dy ö = f ' c for some c Î 1, 6
say m1 = ç ÷ x = 2 = 4 - 5 = -1 6 -1
è dx ø
y =0
f 6 - -2
Þ ³2
æ dy ö 5
and m 2 = ç ÷ x =3 = 6 - 5 = 1
è dx ø Þ f 6 ³8
y=0

Example – 21
since m1m 2 = -1

p Find points of local maximum and local minimum of

Þ tangents are at right angle i.e . f (x) = x2/3 (2x – 1).
2
Example – 19
Sol. Let f (x) = 2x5/3 – x2/3
Determine the absolute extrema for the following function Differentiate w.r.t. x to get :
and interval.
æ5ö 2 2 (5x - 1)
f ´(x ) = 2 ç ÷ x 2 / 3 - x -1/ 3 =
g (t) = 2t3 + 3t2 – 12t + 4 on [0, 2] 3
è ø 3 3 x1/ 3

By taking f’(x) = 0 or f’(x) is not defined.

Sol. Differentiate w.r.t. t
1
g ´ (t) = 6t2 + 6t – 12 = 6 (t + 2) (t – 1) Critical points of f (x) are x = and x = 0.
5
Note that this problem is almost identical to the first problem.
Using the following figure, we can determine how sign of
The only difference is the interval that we were working on.
1
The first step is to again find the critical points. From the f’(x) is changing at x = 0 and x = .
5
first example we know these are t = – 2 and t = 1. At this point
from figure,
it’s important to recall that we only want the critical points
that actually fall in the interval in question. This means that
we only want t = 1 since t = – 2 falls outside the interval so
reject it.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 200

d x æ1ö
f ´´ ( x ) = (1 + log x ) x + xx ç ÷
dx èxø

x = 0 is point of local maximum as sign of f ´ (x) changes from = xx (1 + log x)2 + xx – 1

1
positive to negative and x = is a point of local minimum f ´´(1/e) = 0 + (e)(e – 1)/e > 0.
5
as sign of f’(x) is changing from negative to positive. Hence x = 1/e is a point of local minimum.

Example – 22 Local minimum value is (1/e)1/e = e–1/e.

Example – 23
Find the local maximum and local minimum values of the
function y = xx. x 2
The function g (x) = + has a local minimum at
2 x
Sol. Let f (x) = y = xx (a) x = 2 (b) x = – 2
(c) x = 0 (d) x = 1
Þ log y = x log x
Ans. (a)
1 dy 1
Þ = x + log x x 2
y dx x Sol. Let g(x) = +
2 x
1 2
dy \g' (x) = - 2
Þ = x x (1 + log x ) 2 x
dx
for maxima and minima g' (x) = 0 Þ x = ± 2
f ´ (x) = 0 Þ xx (1 + log x) = 0
4
Þ log x = –1 Þ x = e–1 = 1/e. Again g " (x) = > 0 for x = 2
x3
Method 1 : (First Derivative Test) < 0 for x = - 2 \ x = 2 is point of minima
f ´ (x) = xx (1 + log x) Example – 24
f ´ (x) = xx log x
Suppose the cubic x3 – px + q has three distinct real roots
x < 1/e Þ ex < 1 where p > 0 and q > 0. Then which one of the following
holds?
Þ f ´ (x) < 0
p p
x > 1/e Þ ex > 1 (a) The cubic has maxima at both and –
3 3
Þ f ´ (x) > 0
p p
(b) The cubic has minima at and maxima at –
The sign of f ´(x) changes from – ve to + ve around 3 3
x = 1/e.
p p
(c) The cubic has minima at – and maxima at
In other words, f (x) changes from decreasing to increasing 3 3
at x = 1/e.
p p
(d) The cubic has minima at both and –
Hence x = 1/e is a point of local minimum. 3 3

Local minimum value = (1/e)1/e = e–1/e.

Ans. (b)
Method II : (Second Derivative Test)
Sol. Let f (x) = x 3 - px + q
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 201

Now f '(x) = 0, i.e. 3x 2 - p = 0 Example – 26

p p æ 5p ö x
Þx=- , For x Î ç 0, ÷ , define f (x) = ò0 t sin t dt. Then, f has
3 3 è 2 ø
æ pö æ pö (a) local minimum at p and 2p
Also, f "(x) = 6x Þ f " çç - 3 ÷÷ < 0 and f " çç 3 ÷÷ > 0 (b) local minimum at p and local maximum at 2p
è ø è ø
(c) local maximum at p and local minimum at 2p
p p (d) local maximum at p and 2p
Thus maxima at - and minima at
3 3
Ans. (c)
Example – 25
Sol. f '(x) = x sin x, f '(x) = 0
4 3 2
Given P (x) = x + ax + bx + cx + d such that x = 0 is the
only real root of P’(x) = 0. If P(–1) < P(1), then in the Þ x = 0 or sin x = 0
interval [–1, 1]
æ æ 5p ö ö
(a) P (–1) is the minimum and P(1) is the maximum of P Þ x = 2p , p çQ x Î ç 0, ÷ ÷
è è 2 øø
(b) P (–1) is not minimum but P(1) is the maximum of P
(c) P(–1) is the minimum and P(1) is not the maximum of P 1 1
f "(x) = x cos x+ sin x = (2x cos x + sin x)
(d) neither P(–1) is the minimum nor P(1) is the maximum of P 2 x 2 x
f "(p ) < 0 and f "(2p ) > 0
Ans. (b)
Þ Local maxima at x = p and local minima at x = 2p
Sol. P(x) = x 4 + ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d
Example – 27
P'(x) = 4x 3 + 3ax 2 + 2bx + c
Let f : R ® R be defined by
P '(0) = 0 Þ c = 0
ì k - 2x, if x £ - 1
Now, P '(x) = x (4x 2 +3ax+2b) f (x) = í
î 2x + 3, if x > -1
As P ' (x) = 0 has no real roots except If f has a local minimum at x = –1, then a possible value of
k is
x = 0 , we have
Discriminant of 4x 2 + 3ax + 2b is less than zero. (a) 1 (b) 0
i.e., (3a)2 – (4) (4) (2b) < 0
(c) - 1 (d) –1
2
then 4x + 3ax + 2b > 0 "x Î R 2

( If a > 0,b2 - 4ac < 0 then ax2 + bx+ c > 0 "x ÎR) Ans. (d)

So P'(x) < 0if x Î -1,0 i.e.,decreasing Sol. lim f (x) = 1

x®1+

and P'(x) > 0if x Î 0,1 i.e., increasing As f (-1) = k + 2

Max.of P(x) = P(1) As f has a local minimum at x = -1

But minimum of P(x) doesn’t occur at x = -1 ,i.e., P (-1) f (-1+ ) ³ f (-1) £ f (-1- ) Þ 1 ³ k+2
is not the minimum. Þ k+2 £ 1. \ k £ -1
Thus k = -1 is a possible value.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 202
Example – 28 p
(a) it makes angle + q with x–axis
2
Let a, b Î R be such that the function f given by
f (x) = log |x| + bx2 + ax, x ¹ 0 has extreme values at (b) it passes through the origin
x = –1 and x = 2. (c) it is a constant distance from the origin
Statement I f has local maximum at x = –1 and x = 2.
æ p ö
1 -1 (d) it passes through ç a , -a ÷
è 2 ø
Statement II a = and b = .
2 4 Ans. (a,c)
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
dy dy dθ
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Sol. = . = tan θ = Slope of tangent
dx dx dx
Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I.
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; \ Slope of normal to the curve
Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I. æ p ö
= - cot θ ç = tan æç + q ö÷ ÷
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false. è è2 øø
Now, equation of normal to the curve
Ans. (c)
cos θ
Sol. Given f (x)=In x +bx 2 + ax [ y - a ( sin θ -θ cos θ)] = - ( x - a (cosθ + q sin θ))
sin θ
1
\ f '(x) = + 2bx + a Þ x cos θ + y sin θ = a(1)
x
Now, distance from (0, 0) to x cos θ + y sin θ = a is
at x = -1, f '(-1) = - 1 - 2b + a = 0
(0 + 0 - a)
Þ a - 2b = 1 ...(i) distance (d) =
1
1 \ distance is constant = |a|.
at x = 2 , f '(-2) = + 4b + a = 0
2
Example – 30
1
Þ a + 4b = - ...(ii)
2 A point P (x, y) moves along the line whose equation is
Solving (i) and (ii) we get, x – 2y + 4 = 0 in such a way that y increases at the rate of
3 units/sec. The point A (0, 6) is joined to P and the segment
1 1 AP is prolonged to meet the x-axis in a point Q. Find how
a= ,b=- .
2 4 fast the distance from the origin to Q is changing when P
1 x 1 2-x 2 +x -(x+1)(x-2) reaches the point (4, 4).
Þ f '(x) = - + = =
x 2 2 2x 2x

Þ maxima as x = - 1.2 Sol. The rate of change of y is given and it is desired to find the
Hence both statement are true but statement II. rate of change of OQ, which we denote by z. If MP is
is not correct explanation of statement I. perpendicular to the x-axis, MP = y and OM = x.

Example – 29 The triangles OAQ and MPQ are similar, hence

The normal to the curve x = a (cos q + q sin q), z z-x 6x

= Þ yz = 6z - 6x Þ z =
y =a (sin q –q cos q) at any point q is such that 6 y 6- y
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 203
Substituting the value of x from the equation of the given Clearly, f ¢ x does not exist at x = ±1
line, we have
2/3 2/3
12 (y - 2) Now, f ¢ x = 0 Þ x-1 = x+1 Þ x=0
z=
6-y Clearly, so x = 0, + 1 are critical point in [0, 1].
f(0) = 2 and f(1) = 21/3
dz 48 dy
= Hence greatest value = 2
dt (6 - y)2 dt
dy dz Example – 33
Setting y = 4 and = 3, we obtain = 36 that is, z is
dt dt
increasing at the rate of 36 units/sec. 3x 2 + 9 x + 17
If x is real, the maximum value of is
3x 2 + 9 x + 7
Example – 31
1
The maximum distance from origin of a point on the curve (a) (b) 41
4
æ at ö 17
x = a sin t – b sin ç ÷ (c) 1 (d)
èbø 7
Ans. (b)
æ at ö Sol. For the range of the expression
y = a cos t – b cos ç ÷ , both a, b > 0, is
èbø
3x 2 + 9x + 17 ax 2 + bc + c
(a) a – b (b) a + b = y = ,
3x 2 + 9x + 7 px 2 + qx + r
(c) a 2 + b2 (d) a 2 - b2
[ find the solution of the inequality Ay2 +B y +K ³ 0
Ans. (b)
Sol. Let A(0, 0) and B(x, y) Where A = q 2 - 4pr = - 3 , B = 4ar + 4pc - 2bq = 126

\ AB 2 = x 2 + y 2 K = b 2 - 4ac = - 123
æ 2 2 2 2 æ 2 æ at ö i.e., solve 3y 2 - 126 + y - 123 ³ 0
ç a (sin t+cos t)+b ç sin ç ÷
è è è bø
Þ AB= Þ 3 y 2 - 126 y + 123 £ 0 Þ y2 - 42y + 41 £ 0
æ at ö ö æ at ö ö
+cos 2 ç ÷ ÷ -2ab cos ç t- ÷ ÷
è b øø è b øø Þ ( y - 1) ( y - 42) £ 0 Þ 1 £ y £ 42
Þ Maximum value of y is 42
= a 2 +b 2 -2ab cos a = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab
Example – 34
(Q expression will take max value when as cos a = -1 )
= (a + b) If p and q are positive real numbers such that p2 + q2 =1,
then the maximum value of (p + q) is
Example – 32
1 1
(a) (b)
The greatest value of f (x) = (x +1)1/3 – (x – 1)1/3 on [0, 1] is 2 2
(a) 1 (b) 2
1 (c) 2 (d) 2
(c) 3 (d)
3
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Sol. We have Sol. Ist solution :
1 1
f x = x+1 3 - x-1 3 p
Let p = cos θ , q = sin θ where 0 £ q £
2/3 2/3 2
é 1 1 ù 1 = x-1 - x+1
\ f ¢ x =ê 2/3
- 2/3
ú. 2/3 p + q = cos θ + sin θ
êë x+1 x-1 úû 3 3 x 2 -1
for critical points : f’(x) = 0 or not defined. Þ maximum value of (p + q) = 2
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 204
Example – 36
II nd solution :

p 2 +q 2 1 1 cos q 1
By using A.M ³ G.M, ³ pq Þ pq £
2 2 If f q = - sin q 1 - cos q and A and B are
(p + q)2 = p 2 + q 2 + 2pq Þ (p+q) £ 2 -1 sin q 1
respectively the maximum and the minimum values of
Example – 35
f q , then (A, B) is equal to:
ì tan x
ï , x¹0 (a) (3, -1) (b) 4, 2 - 2
Let f be a function defined by f (x) = í x
ïî 1 , x=0
(c) 2 + 2, 2 - 2 (d) 2 + 2, -1
Statement I x = 0 is point of minima of f.
Statement II f ’ (0) = 0 Ans. (c)
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
1 cos q 1
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; f (q ) = - sin q 1 - cos q
Sol.
Statement II is correct explanation for Statement I. -1 sin q 1
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I.
Þ (1 + sin q cos q ) - cos q .( - sin q - cos q ) + - sin 2 q + 1
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
Þ f (q ) = 2 + sin 2q + cos 2q
Ans. (c)
Þ f (q ) min = 2 - 2
ì tan x
ï , x¹0 Þ f (q ) max = 2 + 2
Sol. f x =í x
ïî 1, x=0
Example – 37
In right neighbourhood of ‘0’
Find the interval in which
tanx
tan x> x Þ >1 f (x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22 x2 – 24x + 5 is increasing.
x
In left neighbourhood of ‘0’
Sol. Given f (x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22 x2 – 24x + 5
tanx
tan x < x Þ > 1(Q tanx < 0) \ f ¢(x) = 4x3 – 24 x2 + 44x – 24
x
= 4 (x3 – 6x2 + 11 x – 6)
at x = 0, f ( x) = 1
= 4 (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)
Þ x = 0 is point of minima
tan h
f 0+h - f 0 -1
f ' 0 = lim = lim h
h ®0 h h®0 h

tan h - h
= lim =0
h ®0 h2
hence f’(0) = 0
Þ statement I is true and statement II is true. For increasing function f ´ (x) > 0
or 4 (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) > 0
or (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) > 0
\ x Î (1, 2) È (3, ¥ )
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 205
Example – 38  x (x – 2) > 0 [as x2 is positive]
 x (– , 0) (2, ).
Find the interval in which f (x) = x – 2 sin x, 0  x  2 is
Combining with x < 1, we get f (x) is increasing in x < 0 and
increasing
decreasing in x (0, 1) ... (i)

Sol. Given f (x) = x – 2 sin x Consider x 1

 f ´(x) = 1 – 2 cos x 1 2 2  x
f ´(x)    3
x2 x3 x
1
f ´(x) > 0 or 1 – 2 cos x > 0  cos x <
2 + – + –
0 1 2
1
or – cos x > – For increasing f ´ (x) > 0
2
 (2 – x) > 0 [as x3 is positive]
2  (x – 2) < 0.
or cos (  x)  cos
3
 x < 2.
2 2 Combining with x > 1, f (x) is increasing in x (1, 2) and
or 2n     x  2n  , n  I
3 3 decreasing in x (2, ) ... (ii)
Combining (i) and (ii), we get :
5 
or 2n   x  2n  f (x) is strictly increasing on x (– , 0) (1, 2) and strictly
3 3
decreasing on x (0, 1) (2, ).
 5
For n = 1, x which is true ( 0  x  2) Example – 40
3 3
The function f (x) = log (x – 2)2 – x2 + 4x + 1 increases on the
 5
Hence, x   ,  interval
3 3 
(a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 3)
Example – 39 (c) (5/2, 3) (d) (2, 4)

Find the intervals of monotonicity of the function Ans. (b,c)

| x 1| Sol. f (x) = 2 log (x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1
f ( x)  .
x2
2
 f ´(x )   2x  4
Sol. The given function f (x) can be written as : x2

1  x  1  ( x  2) 2  ( x  1) ( x  3)
f ´(x )  2    2
| x  1 |  x 2 ; x  1, x  0 
f (x )    x2  x2
x2 x 1
 2 ; x 1
 x 2(x  1) (x  3) (x  2)
 f ´(x)  
Consider x < 1 (x  2) 2

2 1 x  2  f ´ (x) > 0 – 2 (x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 2) > 0

f ´(x )    3
x3 x 2 x  (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) < 0
 x (– , 1) (2, 3).
x2
For increasing, f ´ (x) > 0  3  0 – + – +
x 1 2 3
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 206

Example – 41 Example – 43

A function is matched below against an interval where it is The function f (x) = cot–1 x + x increases in the interval
supposed to be increasing. Which of the following pairs (a) (1, ¥) (b) (–1, ¥)
is incorrectly matched ? (c) (–¥, ¥) (d) (0, ¥)
Interval Function Ans. (c)
3 2
(a) (–¥, –4) x + 6x + 6
Sol. f x = cot -1 x + x
æ 1ù
(b) ç -¥, ú 3x2 – 2x + 1 -1 x2
è 3û f '(x)= +1= > 0"´ Î R
1+x 2 1+x 2
(c) [2, ¥) 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 6
Example – 44
(d) (–¥, ¥) x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 3
Ans. (b) A spherical balloon is filled with 4500p cu m of helium
Sol. For function to be increasing, f’ (x) > 0 gas. If a leak in the balloon causes the gas to escape at
the rate of 72p cu m/ min, then the rate (in m/min) at which
(a) f’(x) = 3x(x + 4) Þ increasing in -¥, -4 È 0, ¥ the radius of the balloon decreases 49 min after the leakage
began is
(b) f’(x) = 2(3x – 1) Þ decreasing in -¥, 13 9 7
(a) (b)
7 9
(c) f’(x) = 6(x + 1)(x – 2) Þ increasing in -¥, - 1 È 2, ¥
2 9
(d) f’(x) = 3(x – 1) Þ increasing in -¥, ¥
2 (c) (d)
9 2
so (b) match is incorrect. Ans. (c)
Example – 42 dv
Sol. =-72πm3 / min,v 0 = 4500π
dt
The function f (x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) is an increasing
function in 4 dv 4 dr
v = πr 3 \ = p ×3r 2 ×
æ pö æ p pö 3 dt 3 dt
(a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ç - , ÷
è 2ø è 2 2ø dv
After 49 min , v = v 0 + 49. = 4500π - 49 ´ 72p
dt
æp pö æ p pö
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç - , ÷
è4 2ø è 2 4ø = 4500π - 3528π = 972π

4 3
Ans. (d) Þ 972π = πr Þ r 3 = 243×3 = 36 Þ r = 9
3
1
Sol. f '(x) = . (cos x - sin x ) dr 18 2
1+ (sin x + cos x) 2 \ 72 π = 4π × 81× =- =-
dt 81 9
cos x - sin x
f '( x)= 2
2 + sin 2 x Thus ,radius decreases at a rate of m/min
9
If f '(x) >0 then f '(x) is increasing function
Example – 45
π p
For - < x < , cosx > sinx A point on the parabola y2 = 18x at which the ordinate
2 4
increases at twice the rate of the abscissa, is
æ π πö (a) (2, 4) (b) (2, –4)
Hence y = f '(x) is increasing in ç - , ÷
è 2 4ø
æ 9 9ö æ9 9ö
(c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è 8 2ø è8 2ø
Ans. (d)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 207

dy dy 9 1/ 2
y 2 = 18 x Þ 2y = 18 Þ = l ælö
Sol. Sol. Since T = 2p = 2p ç ÷
dx dx y g ègø
dy 9 9 9 Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
Given =2 Þ = 2 Þ y = Þ x =
dx y 2 8
1 1
ln T = ln 2p + ln l – ln g
Example – 46 2 2
Differentiating both sides, we get
If the volume of a spherical ball is increasing at the rate of
4p cc/sec, then the rate of increase of its radius dT 1 dl 1 dg
= 0+ . - .
(in cm/sec), when the volume is 288 pcc, is: T 2 l 2 g

1 1 æ dT ö 1 æ dl ö 1 æ dg ö
(a) (b) or ç ´100 ÷ = ç ´100 ÷ - ç ´ 100 ÷
6 9 è T ø 2è l ø 2è g ø
1 1
(c) (d) æ dT ö 1 æ dl dg ö
36 24 ç ´100 ÷ = ( 1 ± 2.5) çQ ´100 = 1 and ´100 = 2.5 ÷
è T ø 2 è l g ø
Ans. (c) \ Maximum error in T = 1.75%.
dV Example – 48
Sol. = 4p cc / sec
dt
If the Rolle’s theorem holds for the function
4 f(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx in the interval [-1, 1] for the point
we know V = p r 3
3 1
c= , then the value of 2a + b is
2
dV 4 dr dr
= p 3r 2 = 4p r 2 (a) 1 (b) -1
dt 3 dt dt
(c) 2 (d) -2
when V = 288p cc

Þ r 3 = 216 Ans. (b)

Þr=6 Sol. f (x) = 2x 3 + ax + bx
dV dr Given Rolle’s theorem is applicable
= 4p r 2 .
dt dt Þ f (-1) = f (1)
dr Þ -2 + a - b = 2 + a + b
Þ 4p = 4p ´ 36 ´
dt
Þ b = -2
dr 1
Þ = f '( x) = 6x 2 + 2ax + b
dt 36
= 6 x 2 + 2 ax - 2
Example – 47
æ1ö
The period T of a simple pendulum is f 'ç ÷ = 0
è 2ø
l 1
T = 2p Þa=
g 2
Find the maximum error in T due to possible errors upto Þ2a+b=-1
1% in l and 2.5% in g.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 208
2 3
Example – 49 Let B at1 , at1 be the point where it again meets the curve.
Þ slope of tangent at A = slope of AB
x m ym 3 3
Find the equation of the tangent to m + m = 1 at the 3at 2 a t - t1
a b =
point (x0, y0). 2at a t 2 - t12
3t t 2 + t12 + t t1
Þ =
x m ym 2 t + t1
Sol. + =1 Differentiating wrt x,
a m bm Þ 3t2 + 3 tt1 = 2t2 + 2t12 + 2 t t1
mx m -1 my m -1 dy Þ 2t12 – t t1 – t2 = 0
Þ + m =0 (t1 – t) (2t1 + t) = 0
am b dx Þ

m -1
Þ t1 = t or t1 = – t/2
dy bm æ x ö The relevant value is t1 = – t/2
Þ =- mç ÷
dx a èyø Hence the meeting point B is
Þ at the given point (x0, y0), slope of tangent is
é æ - t ö 2 æ - t ö3 ù é at 2 -at 3 ù
m m -1 = êa ç ÷ , a ç ÷ ú = ê , ú
dy æbö æx ö êë è 2 ø è 2 ø úû ë 4 8 û
= -ç ÷ ç 0 ÷
dx x 0 ,y0 è a ø è y0 ø
Example – 51
Þ the equation of tangent is
The normal to the curve x = a (1 + cos q), y = a sin q at q
m m -1
æbö æx ö always passes through the fixed point
y - y0 = - ç ÷ ç 0 ÷ x - x0
è a ø è y0 ø (a) (a, 0) (b) (0, a)
(c) (0, 0) (d) (a, a)
a m yy0m-1 - a m y0m = -b m x x 0m-1 + bm x 0m Ans. (a)

a m yy0m-1 + b m x x 0m-1 = a m y0m + b m x0m dx dy dy

Sol. = - a sin q and = a cos q Þ = - cot q
dq dq dx
using the equation of given curve, the right side can be
replaced by am bm. \ slope of normal at q = tan q
\ the equation of normal at q is
\ a m yy0m-1 + b m x x 0m-1 = a m bm
y - a sin q = tan q ( x - a - a cos q )
Þ the equation of tangent is Þ x sin q - y cos q = a sin q
m -1 m -1
x æ x0 ö yæ y ö Þ y = ( x - a ) tan q
+ ç 0÷ =1
a çè a ÷ø bè b ø which always pasess through (a,0)

Example – 50 Example –52

Find the equation of the tangent to x3 = ay2 at the point A Two ships A and B are sailing straight away from a fixed
(at2, at3). Find also the Point where this tangent meets the point O along routes such that ÐAOB is always 120°.
curve again. At a certain instance, OA = 8 km, OB = 6 km and the ship
A is sailing at the rate of 20 km/hr while the ship B sailing
Sol. Equation of tangent to : x = at2, y = at3 is at the rate of 30 km/hr. Then the distance between A and
B is changing at the rate (in km/hr):
dx dy
= 2at , = 3at 2 260 260
dt dt (a) (b)
37 37
3 at 2
y - at 3 = x - at 2 80 80
2 at (c) (d)
37 37
Þ 2y – 2at3 = 3tx – 3at3
i.e. 3tx – 2y – at 3 = 0 Ans. (a)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 209
Example – 53
Sol.
If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, a, b, c Î R then show that the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root between 0 and 1.

Sol. Given 2a + 3b + 6c = 0
a b
or + + c = 0 .... (i)
3 2
2
Let f ¢(x) = ax + bx + c
On integrating both sides, we get
Let OA = x and OB = y
ax 3 bx 2
f (x) = + + cx + k
dx dy 3 2
= 20 km / hr, = 30 km / hr.
dt dt a b
Now, f (1) = + +c+ k [From (i)]
When OA = 8, OB = 6 3 2
=0+k=k
Applying cosine formula in DAOB .
and f (0) = 0 + 0 + 0 + k = k
2 2 Since f (x) is a polynomial of three degree, it is continuous
x 2 + y 2 - AB 1 64 + 36 - AB
cos 120° = - = and differentiable and f (0) = f (1), then by Rolle’s theorem
2 xy 8 2´8´6 f ¢(x) = 0 i.e., ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one real root
between 0 and 1.
Þ -48 = 64 + 36 – (AB)2
Example – 54
Þ AB = 2 37
If f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) and a = 0, b = 4., find ‘c’ using
Again applying cosine formula in DAOB Lagrange’s mean value theorem.
When OA = x and OB = y
Sol. We have f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) = x3 – 6x2 + 11 x – 6
2 2 2
1 x + y - AB \ f (a) = f (0) = (0 – 1) (0 – 2) (x – 3) = – 6
Þ- =
2 2 xy and f (b) = f (4) = (4 – 1) (4 – 2) (4 – 3) = 6

f (b) – f (a) 6 - ( -6) 12

Þ AB
2
= x 2 + y 2 + xy \ = = = 3 .... (1)
b-a 4-0 4
AB = distance between A and B = Z (let) Also f ¢(x) = 3x 2 - 12x + 11
z2 = x2 + y2 + xy
gives f ¢(c) = 3c2 - 12c + 11
differentiate w.r.t. “t”
f (b) – f (a)
dz dx dy dy dx From LMVT, = f ¢(c) .... (2)
2 z. = 2 x. + 2 y. + x +y b-a
dt dt dt dt dt
Þ 3 = 3c2 – 12c + 11 {From (1) and (2)}
dz Þ 2
3c – 12c + 8 = 0
Þ 2 ´ 2 37 = 16 ´ 20 + 12 ´ 30 + 240 + 120
dt
12 ± 144 - 96 2 3
\ c= = 2±
dz 6 3
Þ 4 37 = 1040
dt As both of these values of c lie in the open interval (0, 4).
Hence both of these are required values of c.
dz 260
Þ = km / hr
dt 37
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 210
Example – 55

A value of c for which conclusion of Mean Value Theorem

holds for the function f (x) = loge x on the interval [1, 3], is
(a) log3 e (b) loge 3
1
(c) 2 log3 e (d) log e 3
2
Ans. (c)
Sol. By LMVT

f (b) - f (a ) f (3) - f (1)

f '(c) = =
b-a 3-1
log e 3 - log e 1 1
f '(c) = = log e 3
2 2
1 1 1
Þ = log e 3 = \ c= 2 log 3 e
c 2 2log 3e
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 211

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Derivative as rate Measure
6. If a particle moving along a line follows the law s = 1 + t ,
1. Gas is being pumped into a spherical balloon at the rate of then the acceleration is proportional to
3
30 ft /min. Then, the rate at which the radius increases when (a) square of the velocity
it reaches the value 15 ft, is (b) cube of the displacement

1 1 (c) cube of the velocity

(a) ft / min (b) ft / min
30p 15p (d) square of the displacement
7. If a particle is moving such that the velocity acquired is
1 1
(c) ft / min (d) ft / min proportional to the square root of the distance covered,
20 15
then its acceleration is
2. The position of a point in time ‘t’ is given by x = a + bt–ct2, (a) a constant (b) µ s2
2
y = at + bt . Its acceleration at time ‘t’ is
1 1
(a) b – c (b) b + c (c) µ (d) µ
s2 s
(c) 2b – 2c (d) 2 b 2 + c 2
Errors and Approximations
3. A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice of
8. If y = xn, then the ratio of relative errors in y and x is
uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 cm3/min. When the
thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate at which the thickness of ice (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
decreases, is (c) 1 : n (d) n : 1
9. If the ratio of base radius and height of a cone is 1 : 2 and
1 1
(a) cm / min (b) cm / min percentage error in radius is l %, then the error in its volume
18p 36p
is

5 1 (a) l % (b) 2l%

(c) cm / min (d) cm / min
6p 54p (c) 3l% (d) none of these

4. The rate of change of the surface area of a sphere of radius 10. The height of a cylinder is equal to the radius. If an error of
a % is made in the height, then percentage error in its volume
r, when the radius is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/s is
is
proportional to
(a) a % (b) 2a%
1 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 3a% (d) none of these
r r
Equation of Tangents and Normals
(c) r (d) r2
5. For what values of x is the rate of increase of x3 – 5x2 + 5x + 8 is 11. For the curve y = 3 sin q cos q , x = e q sin q, 0 £ q £ p,
twice the rate of increase of x ?
the tangent is parallel to x-axis when q is:
1 1
(a) -3, - (b) -3, 3p p
3 3 (a) (b)
4 2

1 1
(c) 3, - (d) 3, p p
3 3 (c) (d)
4 6
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 212
12. The curve y – exy + x = 0 has a vertical tangent at Length of tangent, normal, subtangent and subnormal
(a) (1, 1) (b) (0, 1)
20. The length of subtangent to the curve x2 y2 = a4 at the point
(c) (1, 0) (d) no point (–a, a) is
13. If the line ax + by + c = 0 is a tangent to the curve xy = 4, then (a) 3a (b) 2a
the possible answer is (c) a (d) 4a
(a) a > 0, b > 0 (b) a > 0, b < 0 21. 2
For the parabola y = 4ax, the ratio of the sub-tangent to the
(c) a < 0, b > 0 (d) none of these abscissa is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
æ1 2ö (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 1
14. The tangent to the curve 5x2 + y2 = 1 at ç , - ÷ passes
è3 3ø
22. The length of subtangent to the curve x2y2 = a4 at the point
through the point (–a, a) is
(a) (0, 0) (b) (1, –1) (a) 3a (b) 2a
(c) (–1, 1) (d) none of these (c) a (d) 4a
23. The product of the lengths of subtangent and subnormal at
2
15. The equation of the tangent to the curve y = 9 - 2x at the any point of a curve is
point where the ordinate and the abscissa are equal, is (a) square of the abscissae (b) square of the ordinate
(c) constant (d) None of these
(a) 2x + y - 3 3 = 0 (b) 2x + y + 3 3 = 0
Angle of intersection between the curves
(c) 2x - y - 3 3 = 0 (d) none of these
24. The curves x3 + p xy2 = –2 and 3x2y – y3 = 2 are orthogonal
2 2
16. The tangent to the curve x + y = 25 is parallel to the line 3x for
– 4y = 7 at the point (a) p = 3 (b) p = –3
(a) (–3, –4) (b) (3, –4) (c) no value of p (d) p = +3
(c) (3, 4) (d) none of these 25. The two tangents to the curve ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 1, a > 0 at
17. If the tangent at each point of the curve the points where it crosses x-axis, are
(a) parallel (b) perpendicular
2 3
y= x – 2ax2 + 2x + 5 makes an acute angle with the
3 p
(c) inclined at an angle (d) none of these
positive direction of x-axis, then 4
(a) a ³ 1 (b) –1 £ a £ 1 3 2
26. The lines y = - x and y = - x intersect the curve
(c) a £ – 1 (d) none of these 2 5
18. The equation of the tangent to the curve (1 + x2) y = 2 –x, 3x2 + 4xy + 5y2 – 4 = 0 at the points P and Q respectively. The
where it crosses the x-axis, is tangents drawn to the curve at P and Q

(a) x + 5y = 2 (b) x – 5y = 2 (a) intersect each other at angle of 45°

(b) are parallel to each other
(c) 5x – y = 2 (d) 5x + y – 2 = 0
(c) are perpendicular to each other
19. The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve,
(d) none of these
x
27. The angle between the curves y = sin x and y = cos x is
y=
ò | t |dt , xÎR ,
0
which are parallel to the line y = 2x, are
(a) tan -1 (2 2 ) (b) tan -1 (3 2 )
equal to
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) tan -1 (3 3 ) (d) tan -1 (5 2 )
(c) ± 3 (d) ± 4
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 213
35. The interval in which the function x3 increases less rapidly
28. The angle between the tangents to the curve y2 = 2ax at the
than 6x2 + 15x + 5 is :
a (a) (–¥, –1) (b) (– 5, 1)
points where x = , is
2 (c) (–1, 5) (d) (5, ¥)

(a) p/6 (b) p/4 2x 2 - 1

36. The function y = is
x4
(c) p/3 (d) p/2
(a) a decreasing function for all x Î R – {0}
29. The angle between the tangents at those points on the curve
y = (x + 1) (x – 3) where it meets x-axis, is (b) a increasing function for all x Î R – {0}
(c) increasing for x > 0
-1 æ 15 ö æ 8ö
-1
(a) tan ç ÷ (b) tan ç ÷ (d) none of these
è8ø è 15 ø
sin x
p 37. The function f x = is decreasing in the interval
(c) (d) none of these x
4
30. The angle at which the curves y = sin x and y = cos x intersect æ p ö æ pö
in [0, p], is (a) ç - , 0 ÷ (b) ç 0, ÷
è 2 ø è 2ø
(a) tan -1 2 2 (b) tan -1 2
(c) (0, p) (d) none of these
æ 1 ö
-1
(c) tan ç 2 ÷ (d) none of these
è ø
1
3 2 2 3
38. If f ( x ) = – log (1 + x), x > 0, then f is
31. The two curves x – 3xy + 2 = 0 and 3x y – y – 2 = 0 x +1
(a) cut at right angles (b) touch each other (a) an increasing function
p p (b) a decreasing function
(c) cut at an angle (d) cut at an angle
3 4 (c) both increasing and decreasing function
x x
32. The two curves y = 3 and y = 5 intersect at an angle (d) None of the above

-1 æ log 5 - log 3 ö -1 æ log3 + log5 ö x

(a) tan ç (b) tan ç
x
÷ ÷ 39. Let f (x) = ò e (x – 1) (x – 2) dx. Then, f decreases in the
è 1 + log 3.log 5 ø è 1 - log 3.log 5 ø 1

interval
æ log 3 + log 5 ö
-1
(c) tan ç ÷ (d) none of these (a) (–¥, 2) (b) (–2, –1)
è 1 + log 3.log 5 ø
(c) (1, 2) (d) (2, ¥)
33. The angle of intersection of the curve y = x2 & 6y = 7 – x3 at 3 2
40. If f (x) = x + 4x + lx + 1 is a strictly decreasing function of x
(1, 1) is
in the largest possible interval [–2, –2/3] then
(a) p/5 (b) p/4
(a) l = 4 (b) l = 2
(c) p/3 (d) p/2
(c) l = –1 (d) l has no real value
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
41. The length of the longest interval, in which the function
2
34. The function f (x) = 2x – log | x | monotonically decreases for 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x is increasing, is
(a) x Î ( –¥, – 1/2] È (0, 1/2] p p
(b) x Î (– ¥, 1/2] (a) (b)
3 2
(c) x Î [– 1/2, 0) È [ 1/2, ¥)
3p
(d) none of these (c) (d) p
2
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 214
42. The function f (x) = x + cos x is 50. The maximum value of x3 – 3x in the intveral [0, 2], is
(a) always increasing (a) –2 (b) 0
(b) always decreasing (c) 2 (d) None of these

(c) increasing for certain range of x p

51. If A > 0, B > 0 and A + B = , then the maximum value of
(d) None of the above 3
43. How many real solutions does the equation tan A tan B is
x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x – 560 = 0 have ? 1 1
(a) (b)
(a) 5 (b) 7 3 3
(c) 1 (d) 3
(c) 3 (d) 3
Maxima and minima 52. The maximum slope of the curve y = –x3 + 3x2 + 9x – 27 is

44. The function f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 4 has (a) 0 (b) 12

(a) no maxima and minima (c) 16 (d) 32

(b) one maxima and one minima x

3 2 2
(c) two maxima 53. The function f x =
ò
1
2 t -1 t - 2 + 3 t -1 t -2 dt

(d) two minima

attains its local maximum value at x =
45. The greatest value of f (x) = (x +1)1/3 – (x –1)1/3 on [0, 1] is :
(a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
(c) 3 (d) 21/3
54. The maximum area of the rectangle that can be inscribed in
46. The function f (x) = x2 (x –2)2
a circle of radius r, is
(a) decreases on (0, 1) È (2, ¥) (a) p r2 (b) r2
(b) increase on (–¥, 0) È (1, 2) (c) p r2/4 (d) 2r2
(c) has a local maximum value 0 55. A triangular park is enclosed on two sides by a fence and on
(d) has a local maximum value 1 the third side by a straight river bank. The two sides having
fence are of same length x. The maximum area enclosed by
47. The maximum value of the function y = x (x –1)2, 0 £ x £ 2 is
the park is
(a) 0 (b) 4/27
(c) –4 (d) none of these 3 2 x3
(a) x (b)
2 8
48. The point in the interval [0, 2p], where f (x) = ex sin x has
maximum slope, is 1 2
(c) x (d) px2
p 2
(a) 0 (b)
2 56. The greatest and the least value of the function,

3p f (x) = 1– 2x + x 2 – 1+ 2x + x 2 , x Î (-¥, ¥) are

(c) 2p (d)
2
(a) 2, –2 (b) 2, –1
x
49. The minimum value of x is attained (where x is positive real (c) 2, 0 (d) none
number) when x is equal to : 57. The function f (x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 4 has local maxima at
(a) e (b) e–1 (a) x = 2 (b) x = 4
2
(c) 1 (d) e (c) x = 0 (d) x = 3
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 215

58. The maximum value of xy subject to x + y = 8, is Numerical Value Type Questions

(a) 8 (b) 16
65. The radius of the base of a cone is increasing at the rate of
(c) 20 (d) 24
3 cm/minute and the altitude is decreasing at the rate of
59. Let f (x) = (1+b2) x2 + 2bx + 1 and m (b) the minimum value of
f (x) for a given b. As b varies, the range of m (b) is 4 cm/minute. The rate of change of lateral surface when the

(a) [0, 1] (b) (0, 1/2] radius = 7 cm and altitude = 24 cm, in cm2/min is:
66. A ladder 10 metres long rests with one end against a vertical
é1 ù
(c) ê ,1ú (d) (0, 1] wall, the other end on the floor. The lower end moves away
ë2 û
from the wall at the rate of 2 metres/minute. The rate at which
p the upper end falls when its base is 6 metres away from the
60. f (x) = 1 + [cos x] x, in 0 £ x £
2 wall, in M/min is :
(a) has a minimum value 0 67. If the distance ‘s’ metres travelled by a particle in t seconds
(b) has a maximum value 2 is given by s = t3 – 3t2, then the velocity of the particle when
the acceleration is zero in m/s is
é pù
(c) is continuous in ê0, ú 68. An object is moving in the clockwise direction around the
ë 2û
unit circle x 2 + y2 = 1. As it passes through the point
p
(d) is not differentiable at x = æ1 3 ö
2 ç , ÷,
ç 2 2 ÷ its y-coordinate is decreasing at the rate of
3 è ø
x 2 - 3 + 27
61. The minimum value of 2 , is
3 unit per second. The rate at which the x-coordinate changes
(a) 227 (b) 2
at this point is (in unit per second)
(c) 1 (d) 4
62. Area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in the 69. If V = 4 pr 3 , at what rate in cubic units is V increasing
3
x 2 y2
ellipse + = 1 is
a 2 b2
dr
when r = 10 and = 0.01 ?
(a) ab (b) 2 ab dt

(c) a/b (d) ab 70. Side of an equilateral triangle expands at the rate of 2 cm/s. The
63. The difference between the greatest and least values of the rate of increase of its area when each side is 10 cm, in cm2/sec is:

1 1 71. The radius of a sphere is changing at the rate of 0.1 cm/s. The
function, f (x) = cos x + cos 2x – cos 3x is :
2 3 rate of change of its surface area when the radius is 200 cm,
(a) 4/3 (b) 1 in cm2/sec is:

(c) 9/4 (d) 1/6 72. The surface area of a sphere when its volume is increasing
64. A line is drawn through the point (1, 2) to meet the coordinate at the same rate as its radius, in sq. unit is :
axes at P and Q such that it forms a D OPQ, where O is the 73. The surface area of a cube is increasing at the rate of 2 cm2/s.
origin, if the area of the D OPQ is least, then the slope of the
When its edge is 90 cm, the volume is increasing at the rate
line PQ is
of (in cm3/sec)
1
(a) - (b) – 4 74. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate
4
of 2 cm/s. The rate at which the area increases, when the
1 side is 10 cm, in cm2/s is:
(c) – 2 (d) -
2
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 216
75. The distance moved by the particle in time t is given by 78. If the normal to the curve y = f (x) at the point (3, 4) makes an
3 2
x = t – 12t + 6t + 8. At the instant when its acceleration is
3p
zero, the velocity is angle with the positive x-axis, then f ’ (3) is equal to
4
76. The circumference of a circle is measured as 28 cm with an
79. Find the shortest distance between the line y = x - 2 and the
error of 0.01 cm. The percentage error in the area is
parabola y = x2 + 3x + 2.
77. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve
80. If f (x) is differentiable in the interval [2, 5], where
f (x) = x2 + bx – b at the point (1, 1) and the coordinate axes,
lies in the first quadrant. If its area is 2, then the value of b is 1 1
f (2) = and f (5) = , then there exists a number
5 2
c, 2 < c < 5 for which f ´ (c) is equal to
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 217

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy –3y2 = 0, at (1, 1):
æ 2p ö æp ö
(2015) (a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ç , 0 ÷
è 3 ø è6 ø
(a) meets the curve again in the third quadrant.
(b) meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant. æp ö
(c) ç , 0 ÷ (d) (0, 0)
(c) does not meet the curve again. è 4 ø
(d) meets the curve again in the second quadrant. 7. If the tangent at a point P, with parameter t, on the curve
2. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree four having extreme x = 4t2 + 3, y = 8t3 –1, t Î R, meets the curve again at a
é f (x) ù point Q, then the coordinates of Q are :
value at x = 1 and x = 2. If xlim
®0 ê
1 + 2 ú = 3, then f(2) is
ë x û (2016/Online Set–1)
2 3
equal to: (2015) (a) (t + 3, –t – 1) (b) (4t + 3, –8t3 – 1)
2

(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) (t2 + 3, t3 – 1) (d) (16t2+ 3, –64t3– 1)

(c) –8 (d) –4 8. The minimum distance of a point on the curve
3. If Rolle’s theorem holds for the function f(x) = 2x3 + bx2 + y = x2 – 4 from the origin is : (2016/Online Set–1)

1 19 15
cx, x Î [–1, 1], at the point x = , then 2b + c equals : (a) (b)
2 2 2
(2015/Online Set–1)
15 19
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2
(c) –1 (d) –3
4. Let k and K be the minimum and the maximum values of 9. The normal to the curve y(x – 2) (x – 3) = x + 6 at the point
where the curve intersects the y-axis passes through the
(1 + x) 0.6 point: (2017)
the function f (x)= in [0, 1] respectively, then
1 + x 0.6
æ 1 1ö æ1 1ö
the ordered pair (k, K) is equal to: (2015/Online Set–2) (a) ç - , - ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è 2 2ø è2 2ø
(a) (2-0.4 ,1) (b) (2 -0.4 , 20.6 )
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö
(c) (2 -0.6 ,1) (d) (1, 20.6 ) (c) ç , - ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è 2 3ø è 2 3ø
5. A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are 10. Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower-
bent respectively to form a square of side =x unit and a bed in the form of a circular sector. Then the maximum
circle of radius = r units. If the sum of the areas of the area (in sq. m) of the flower-bed, is: (2017)
square and the circle so formed is minimum, then : (a) 12.5 (b) 10
(2016)
(c) 25 (d) 30
(a) (4 – p) x = pr (b) x = 2r
11. The tangent at the point (2,–2) to the curve, x2y2 – 2x = 4
(c) 2x = r (d) 2x = (p + 4)r (1 – y) does not pass through the point :
æ 1 + sin x ö (2017/Online Set–1)
æ pö
6. Consider f x = tan -1 ç , x Î ç 0, ÷ .
ç 1 - sin x ÷÷ è 2ø
è ø æ 1ö
(a) ç 4, ÷ (b) (8, 5)
è 3ø
p
A normal to y = f (x) at x = also passes through the
6 (c) (–4, –9) (d) (–2, – 7)
point : (2016)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 218
12. The function f defined by f (x) = x3 – 3x2 + 5x + 7, is 17. Let M and m be respectively the absolute maximum and
(2017/Online Set–2) the absolute minimum values of the function, f (x)= 2x3-
9x2+12x+5 in the interval [0, 3]. Then M-m is equal to :
(a) increasing in R. (2018/Online Set–3)
(b) decreasing in R. (a) 5 (b) 9
(c) decreasing in (0, ¥ ) and increasing in ( -¥, 0). (c) 4 (d) 1
18. The shortest distance between the line y = x and the curve
(d) increasing in (0, ¥ ) and decreasing in (-¥, 0).
y2 = x – 2 is: (2019-04-08/Shift-1)

13. If the curves y 2 = 6x,9x 2 + by 2 = 16 intersect each other 7

(a) 2 (b)
at right angles, then the value of b is (2018) 8

9 7 11
(a) (b) 6 (c) (d)
2 4 2 4 2

7
(c) (d) 4 19. If S1 and S2 are respectively the sets of local minimum and
2
local maximum points of the function,

14. Let f x = x 2 +
1
and g x = x -
1
, f ( x ) = 9 x 4 + 12 x3 - 36 x 2 + 25, x Î R then
2 x
x
(2019-04-08/Shift-1)
f x (a) S1 = {–2}; S2 = {0, 1} (b) S1 ={–2,0}; S2 = {1}
x Î R - -1, 0,1 . If h x = , then the local minimum
g x (c) S1 = {–2, 1}; S2 = {0} (d) S1 = {–1}; S2 = {0, 2}
20. Let f : [0, 2] ® R be a twice differentiable function such
value of h(x) is : (2018)
that f ’ (x) > 0, for all x Î (0, 2). If f (x) = f(x) + f(2 – x), then
(a) 2 2 (b) 3
f(x) is : (2019-04-08/Shift-1)
(c) -3 (d) -2 2 (a) increasing on (0, 1) and decreasing on (1, 2).
(b) decreasing on (0, 2)
15. If a right circular cone, having maximum volume, is
inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 cm, then the curved (c) decreasing on (0, 1) and increasing on (1, 2).
surface area (in cm2) of this cone is : (d) increasing on (0, 2)
(2018/Online Set–1) 21. The height of a right circular cylinder of maximum volume
inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 is :
(a) 6 2p (b) 6 3p (2019-04-08/Shift-2)

(c) 8 2p (d) 8 3p 2
(a) 6 (b) 3
3
16. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extreme values
(c) 2 3 (d) 3
æf x ö
at x = 1 and x = 2. If lim ç 2 + 1÷ = 3 then f (-1) is equal
x ®0
è x ø 22. If the tangent to the curve, y = x3 + ax - b at the point
to: (2018/Online Set–2) (1, -5) is perpendicular to the line, - x + y + 4 = 0 , then
which one of the following points lies on the curve?
9 5
(a) (b) (2019-04-09/Shift-1)
2 2
(a) (-2, 1) (b) (-2, 2)
3 1 (c) (2, -1) (d) (2, -2)
(c) (d)
2 2
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 219

23. Let S be the set of all values of x for which the tangent to
x
3 2
27. If the tangent to the curve y = 2
,xÎ R x ¹ ± 3 ,
the curve y = f ( x ) = x - x - 2 x at ( x, y) is parallel to x -3

the line segment joining the points at a point a , b ¹ 0, 0 on it is parallel to the line
(1, f (1)) and ( -1, f (-1)) then S is equal to:
2 x + 6 y - 11 = 0 then: (2019-04-10/Shift-2)
(2019-04-09/Shift-1)
(a) 6a + 2b = 19 (b) 6a + 2b = 9
ì1 ü ì 1 ü
(a) í ,1ý (b) í- , -1ý
î3 þ î 3 þ (c) 2a + 6b = 19 (d) 2a + 6b = 9

28. A spherical iron ball of radius 10 cm is coated with a layer

ì1 ü ì 1 ü of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of
(c) í , -1ý (d) í- ,1ý
î 3 þ î 3 þ
50cm 3 / min When the thickness of the ice is 5 cm, then
24. If f (x) is a non-zero polynomial of degree four, having the rate at which the thickness (in cm/min) of the ice
local extreme points at x = -1, 0,1 then the set decreases, is: (2019-04-10/Shift-2)

S = {x Î R : f ( x) = f (0)} contains exactly k real values, 1 1

(a) (b)
then k is (2019-04-09/Shift-1) 18p 36p
25. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular
5 1
æ1ö (c) (d) 9 p
cone, whose semi-vertical angle is tan -1 ç ÷ .Water is 6p
è2ø
29. Let a1,a2,a3..... be an A.P. with a6 = 2 then the common
poured into it at a constant rate of 5 cubic meter per minute.
difference of this A.P., which maximises the product a1.a4.a5
Then the rate (in m/min.), at which the level of water is
is: (2019-04-10/Shift-2)
rising at the instant when the depth of water in the tank is
10m; is: (2019-04-09/Shift-2) 3 8
(a) (b)
2 5
1 1
(a) (b) 10 p
15p 6 2
(c) (d)
5 3
2 1
(c) (d) 30. A 2 m ladder leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the
p 5p
ladder begins to slide down the wall at the rate 25 cm/
26. Let f (x) = ex – x and g(x) = x2 – x, "x Î R . Then the set of sec., then the rate (in cm / sec.) at which the bottom of the
ladder slides away from the wall on the horizontal ground
all x Î R ,where the function h(x) = (fog) (x) is increasing,
when the top of the ladder is 1 m above the ground is:
is: (2019-04-10/Shift-1)
(2019-04-12/Shift-1)

é -1 ù é 1 ö é 1ù
(a) ê-1, ú È ê , ¥ ÷ (b) ê0, ú È 1, ¥ 25
ë 2 û ë2 ø ë2 û (a) 25 3 (b)
3

é 1 ù
(c) 0, ¥ (d) ê - , 0 ú È 1, ¥ 25
ë 2 û (c) (d) 25
3
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 220
31. The maximum volume (in cu.m) of the right circular cone 36. The maximum value of the function
having slant height 3 m is: (2019-01-09/Shift-1)
f x = 3x3 - 18 x2 + 27 x - 40 on the set
(a) 6p (b) 3 3p
S = x Î R : x 2 + 30 £ 11x is : (2019-01-11/Shift-1)
4
(c) p (d) 2 3p
3 x d-x
37. Let f x = - , x ÎR , where a, b
32. If q denotes the acute angle between the curves, y = 10 - 2
a +x 2 2
b + d-x
2

x2 and y = 2 + x2 at a point of their intersection, then |tan q|

is equal to: (2019-01-09/Shift-1) and d are non-zero real constants. Then:
(2019-01-11/Shift-2)
4 8
(a) (b) (a) f is an increasing function of x
9 15
(b) f is a decreasing function of x
7 8
(c) (d) (c) f’ is not a continuous function of x
17 17
(d) f is neither increasing nor decreasing function of x
æ3 ö 38. If the function f given by
33. The shortest distance between the point ç , 0 ÷ and the
è2 ø
f x = x3 - 3 a - 2 x 2 + 3ax + 7, f 0 = 7 for some
curve y = x ,( x > 0) , is: (2019-01-10/Shift-1)
a Î R is increasing in (0,1] and decreasing in [1,5) , then

5 3 f x - 14
(a) (b) = 0 x ¹1
2 2 a root of the equation, 2
x -1

3 5 (2019-01-12/Shift-2)
(c) (d)
2 4
(a) -7 (b) 5
2
34. The tangent to the curve, y = xe x passing through the (c) 7 (d) 6

point (1, e) also passes through the point: 39. Let P (h, k) be a point on the curve y = x 2 + 7x + 2,
(2019-01-10/Shift-2) nearest to the line, y =3x – 3. Then the equation of the
4 normal to the curve at P is : (2020-09-02/Shift-1)
(a) (2, 3e) (b) æç , 2e ö÷
è3 ø (a) x + 3y – 62 = 0 (b) x – 3y – 11 = 0
(c) x – 3y + 22 = 0 (d) x + 3y + 26 = 0
æ5 ö
(c) ç , 2e ÷ (d) (3, 6e) 40. If p(x) be a polynomial of degree three that has a local
è 3 ø maximum value 8 at x = 1 and a local minimum value 4 at
35. A helicopter is flying along the curve given by x = 2; then p (0) is equal to : (2020-09-02/Shift-1)
y - x3/ 2 = 7, x ³ 0 . A soldier positioned at the point (a) 12 (b) – 12
(c) –24 (d) 6
æ1 ö
ç 2 , 7 ÷ wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is 41. If the tangent to the curve y = x + sin y at a point (a, b) is
è ø
nearest to him. Then this nearest distance is: æ 3ö æ1 ö
parallel to the line joining ç 0, ÷ and ç , 2 ÷ , then :
(2019-01-10/Shift-2) è 2ø è2 ø
(2020-09-02/Shift-1)
5 1 7
(a) (b)
6 3 3 p
(a) b = +a (b) | a + b | = 1
2
1 7 1
(c) (d)
6 3 2 (c) | b - a | = 1 (d) b = a
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 221

42. The equation of the normal to the curve 47. The area (in sq. units) of the largest rectangle ABCD
whose vertices A and B lie on the x-axis and vertices C
y  (1  x) 2y  cos 2 (sin 1 x) at x = 0 is : and D lie on the parabola, y = x2 – 1 below the x-axis, is:
(2020-09-02/Shift-2) (2020-09-04/Shift-2)
(a) y + 4x = 2 (b) 2y + x = 4
2 4
(c) x + 4y = 8 (d) y = 4x + 2 (a) (b)
3 3 3
43. Let f :  1,    R be defined by f (0) = 1 and
1 4
1 (c) (d)
f  x   log e 1  x  , x  0 .Then the functionf : 3 3 3 3
x
48. If x = 1 is a critical point of the function
(2020-09-02/Shift-2)
f (x) = (3x2+ax – 2 – a)ex, then: (2020-09-05/Shift-2)
(a) increases in ( 1,  )
2
(a) x=1 is a local minima and x   is a local maxima of f.
(b) decreases in (–1, 0) and increases in (0,  ) 3

(c) increases in (–1, 0) and decreases in (0,  ) 2

(b) x=1 is a local maxima and x   is a local minima of f.
3
(d) decreases in ( 1, ).
2
44. The function, f ( x)  (3x  7) x 2/3 , x  R is increasing (c) x=1 and x   are local minima of f.
3
for all x lying in : (2020-09-03/Shift-1)
2
 14  (d) x=1 and x   are local maxima of f.
(a)  ,     0,   3
 15 
49. Which of the following points lies on the tangent to the
 14  curve x 4 e y  2 y  1  3 at the point (1,0)?
(b)  , 
 15 
(2020-09-05/Shift-2)

 14  (a) (2,6) (b) (2,2)

(c)  , 0    ,   (c) (–2,6) (d) (–2,4)
 15 
50. The position of a moving car at time t is given by
3  f  t   at 2  bt  c, t  0, where a, b and c are real
(d)  , 0    ,  
7 
numbers greater than 1. Then the average speed of the
45. Suppose f (x) is a polynomial of degree four, having critical
car over the time interval t1 , t2  is attained at the point:
points at –1, 0, 1. If T   x  R | f  x   f  0  , then the
(2020-09-06/Shift-1)
sum of squares of all the element of T is :
(2020-09-03/Shift-2) (a) t1  t 2  / 2 (b) 2a  t1  t2   b
(a) 6 (b) 2
(c)  t 2  t1  / 2 (d) a  t 2  t1   b
(c) 8 (d) 4
46. If the surface area of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3.6 51. Let AD and BC be two vertical poles at A and B
cm2/sec, retaining its shape; then the rate of change of its respectively on a horizontal ground. If AD = 8m, BC =
volume (in cm3/sec), when the length of a side of the cube 11m and AB = 10m; then the distance (in meters) of a
is 10cm, is : (2020-09-03/Shift-2) point M on AB from the point A such that MD2 + MC2 is
(a) 9 (b) 10 minimum is _____. (2020-09-06/Shift-1)

(c) 18 (d) 20
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 222
52. The set of all real values of l for which the function 57. The value of c in Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the
æ p pö function f (x) = x3 - 4x2 + 8x + 11, where x Î 0, 1 is :
f x = 1 - cos 2 x . l + sin x , x Î ç - , ÷ ,
è 2 2ø
(7-1-2020/Shift-2)
has exactly one maxima and exactly one minima, is:
(2020-09-06/Shift-2) 4- 7 2
(a) (b)
3 3
æ 3 3ö æ 1 1ö
(a) ç - , ÷ - 0 (b) ç - , ÷ - 0
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
7 -2 4- 5
(c) (d)
3 3
æ 3 3ö æ 1 1ö
(c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç - , ÷
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø 58. If c is a point at which Rolle’s theorem holds for the

53. If the tangent to the curve, y = f x = x log e x, x > 0 at æ x2 + a ö

function, f x = log e ç ÷ in the interval [3, 4],
a point (c,f(c)) is parallel to the line-segment joining the è 7x ø
points (1, 0) and (e, e), then c is equal to :
where a Î R then f '' c is equal to:
(2020-09-06/Shift-2)

æ 1 ö
(8-1-2020/Shift-1)
ç ÷ e -1
(a) e è 1- e ø (b)
e 1 -1
(a) - (b)
24 12
1 æ 1 ö
ç ÷
(c) (d) eè e -1 ø
e -1
3 1
54. For all twice differentiable functions f : R ® R, with (c) (d)
7 12
f(0) = f(1) = f’(0) = 0, (2020-09-06/Shift-2)
(a) f”(x) = 0, at every point x Î(0,1) æ p pö
59. Let f x = x cos -1 sin - x , xÎç- , ÷ ,
(b) f”(x) ¹ 0, at every point x Î(0,1) è 2 2ø
(c) f”(x) = 0, for some x Î (0,1)
then which of the following is true? (8-1-2020/Shift-1)
(d) f”(0) = 0
55. Let the function, f : [-7, 0] ® R be continuous on [-7,0] p
(a) f ' 0 = -
and differentiable on (-7,0). If f (-7) =-3 and 2
f ’(x) £ 2 for all xÎ(-7, 0), then for all such functions
f, f(-1) + f (0) lies in the interval: (7-1-2020/Shift-1) æ p ö æ pö
(b) f ' is decreasing in ç - , 0 ÷ and increasing in ç 0, ÷
(a) [-6, 20] (b) (-¥, 20] è 2 ø è 2ø
(c) (-¥,11] (d) [-3,11]
(c) f is not differentiable at x = 0
56. Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 5 such that x = ±1 are

æ f x ö æ p ö æ pö
its critical points. If lim ç 2 + 3 ÷ = 4 , then which one (d) f ' is increasing in ç - , 0 ÷ and decreasing in ç 0, ÷
x ®0
è x ø è 2 ø è 2ø

of the following is not true? (7-1-2020/Shift-2) 60. Let the normal at a P on the curve y2 – 3x2 + y + 10 = 0
(a) f (1) – 4f (–1) = 4
æ 3ö
(b) x = 1 is a point of maxima and x = –1 is a point of intersect the y-axis at ç 0, ÷ . If m is the slope of the
è 2ø
minimum of f.
tangent at P to the curve, then |m| is equal to _____.
(c) f is an odd function.
(8-1-2020/Shift-1)
(d) x = 1 is a point of minima and x = –1 is a point of
maxima of f.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 223

61. The length of the perpendicular from the origin, on the

4x 3 - 3x 2
normal to the curve, x 2 + 2 xy - 3 y 2 = 0 at the point (2,2) 66. The function f x = - 2 sin x + 2x - 1 cos x
6
is: (8-1-2020/Shift-2)
(24-02-2021/Shift-1)
(a) 2 (b) 2 2
æ 1ù æ 1ù
(c) 4 2 (d) 2 (a) Decreases in ç -¥, ú (b) Increases in ç -¥, ú
è 2û è 2û
62. Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that f (-1) = 10,
f (1) = - 6, f (x) has a critical point at x = -1 and f ’ (x) has a
critical point at x = 1. Then the local minima at x =______ é1 ö é1 ö
(c) Increases in ê , ¥ ÷ (d) Decreases in ê , ¥ ÷
ë2 ø ë2 ø
(8-1-2020/Shift-2)
63. A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius is coated with a layer 67. The minimum value of a for which the equation
of ice of uniform thickness that melts at the rate of
50 cm3/min. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the 4 1 æ pö
+ = a has at least one solution in ç 0, ÷
rate (in cm/min.) at which the thickness of ice decreases, sin x 1 - sin x è 2ø
is: (9-1-2020/Shift-1) is ________. (24-02-2021/Shift-1)
5 1 68. Let f : R ® R be defined as
(a) (b)
6p 54p

1 1 ì-55x, if x < -5
(c) (d) ï
36p 19p f (x) = í2x 3 - 3x 2 - 120x, if - 5 £ x £ 4
ï2x 3 - 3x 2 - 36x - 336, if x > 4,
î
64. Let f be any function continuous on [a.b] and twice
differentiable on (a,b). If for all
Let A = x Î R : f is increasing . Then A is equal to
x Î a, b , f ¢ x > 0 and f ¢¢ x < 0, then for any
(24-02-2021/Shift-2)
f c -f a
c Î a, b , is greater than: (a) -¥, -5 È 4, ¥ (b) -5, ¥
f b -f c

(9-1-2020/Shift-1) (c) -5, -4 È 4, ¥ (d) -¥, -5 È -4, ¥

2
b-c 69. If P Is a point on the parabola y = x + 4 which is closest to
(a) (b) 1
c-a the straight line y = 4x - 1, then the co-ordinates of P are
(24-02-2021/Shift-2)
c-a b+a
(c) (d) (a) (3,13) (b) (2,8)
b-c b-a
(c) (-2,8) (d) (1,5)
65. Let a function f : 0, 5 ® R , be continuous, f (1)=3 and
70. If the curve y = ax 2 + bx + c, x Î R, passes through the
x
F be defined as: F x = ò t 2 g t dt ,
1 point (1, 2) and the tangent line to this curve at origin is
y = x, then the possible values of a, b, c are :
t
where g (t ) = ò f u du . Then for the function F, the (24-02-2021/Shift-2)
1

point x = 1 is (9-1-2020/Shift-2)
1 1
(a) a point of inflection (b) a point of local maxima (a) a = 1, b = 1, c = 0 (b) a = , b = , c = 1
2 2
(c) a point of local minima (d) not a critical point
(c) a = -1, b = 1, c = 1 (d) a = 1, b = 0, c = 1
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 224
77. The triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a
x 2 y2 x 2 y2
71. If the curves, + = 1 and + = 1 intersect each given circle of radius ‘r’ is (26-02-2021/Shift-2)
a b c d
(a) A right angle triangle having two of its sides of length
other at an angle of 90°, then which of the following 2r and r.
relations is TRUE? (25-02-2021/Shift-1)
2r
c+d (b) An equilateral triangle of height .
(a) ab = (b) a - c = b + d 3
a+b
(c) An isosceles triangle with base equal to 2r.
(c) a + b = c + d (d) a - b = c - d
(d) An equilateral triangle having each of its side of length
72. If Rolle's theorem holds for the function
3r.
3 2 æ4ö 78. Let a be an integer such that all the real roots of the
f x = x - ax + bx - 4, x Î 1, 2 with f ¢ ç ÷ = 0, then
è3ø
polynomial 2x 5 + 5x 4 + 10x 3 + 10x 2 + 10x + 10 lie in the
ordered pair a, b is equal to: (25-02-2021/Shift-1) interval a, a + 1 . (26-02-2021/Shift-2)
(a) (5, 8) (b) (–5, 8)
Then, a is equal to _________.
(c) (5, –8) (d) (–5, –8)
79. The range of a Î R for which the function
73. Let f x be a polynomial of degree 6 in x, in which the
coefficient of x 6 is unity and it has extrema at x = -1 and æxö æxö
f x = 4a - 3 x + log e 5 + 2 a - 7 cot ç ÷ sin 2 ç ÷ ,
è2ø è2ø
f x
x = 1. If lim = 1, then 5 × f 2 is equal to _____.
x®0 x3 x ¹ 2np, n Î N has critical points is:
(25-02-2021/Shift-1) (16-03-2021/Shift-1)
74. The shortest distance between the line x - y = 1 and the (a) -¥, -1 (b) -3, 1
2
curve x = 2y is : (25-02-2021/Shift-2)
é 4 ù
(c) ê - , 2 ú (d) 1, ¥
1 1 ë 3 û
(a) (b)
2 2 2 80. Let f be a real valued function, defined on R - {-1, 1} and

1 x -1 2
(c) (d) 0 given by f (x) = 3log e -
2 x +1 x -1

Then in which of the following intervals, function f(x) is

75. If the curves x = y 4 and xy = k cut at right angles, then
increasing? (16-03-2021/Shift-2)
6
4k is equal to: (25-02-2021/Shift-2)
(a) -¥, ¥ - -1,1
76. The maximum slope of the curve
æ é1 ö ö
1 (b) -¥, -1 È ç ê , ¥ ÷ - 1 ÷
y = x 4 - 5x 3 + 18x 2 - 19x occurs at the point: èë2 ø ø
2
(26-02-2021/Shift-1) æ 1ù
(c) ç -1, ú
è 2û
æ 21 ö
(a) ç 3, ÷ (b) 0, 0
è 2ø æ 1ù
(d) ç -¥, ú - -1
è 2û
(c) 2,9 (d) 2, 2
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 225

81. Consider the function f : R ® R defined by 3

(b) local maximum at x =
4
ì æ æ 1 öö
ï ç 2 - sin ç ÷ ÷ | x |, x¹0 (c) local minimum at . .
f (x) = í è è x øø .
Then f is :
ï 0 , x=0 3
î (d) local maximum at x = -
4
(17-03-2021/Shift-2)
85. The sum of all the local minimum values of the twice
(a) monotonic on (-¥, 0) È (0, ¥) differentiable function f : R ® R defined by

(b) not monotonic on (-¥, 0) and (0, ¥ ) 3f " 2

f x = x 3 - 3x 2 - x + f " 1 is?
2
(c) monotonic on (-¥, 0) only
(20-07-2021/Shift-2)
(d) monotonic on (0, ¥ ) only
(a) –22 (b) 0
82. Let f :[-1, 1] ® R be defined as f (x) = ax + bx + c for 2 (c) –27 (d) 5
86. Let f : R ® R be defined as
1
all x Î [ -1, 1], where f ¢¢ (x) is . If f (x) £ a,
2
ì 4 3 2
x Î[ -1, 1], then the least value of a is equal to ................ ï - x + 2x + 3x, x > 0
f x =í 3
ïî 3xe x , x£0
(17-03-2021/Shift-2)

x2 Then f is is increasing function in the interval.

83. Let a tangent be drawn to the ellipse + y 2 = 1 at
27 (22-07-2021/Shift-2)

æ pö æ 3ö æ -1 ö
(3 3 cos q, sin q) where q Î ç 0, ÷ . Then the value of (a) ç -1, ÷ (b) ç , 2 ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 2 ø
q such that the sum of intercepts on axes made by this
(c) 0, 2 (d) -3, -1
tangent is minimum is equal to: (18-03-2021/Shift-2)
87. Let
p p
(a) (b)
3 6 é p pù
f x = 3sin 4 x + 10sin 3 x + 6sin 2 x - 3, x Î ê - , ú .
ë 6 2û
p p
(c) (d) Then, f is? (25-07-2021/Shift-1)
8 4
84. Let ‘a’ be a real number such that the function æ p ö
(a) Increasing in ç - ,0 ÷
è 6 ø
æ 3ö
f x = ax 2 + 6x - 15, x Î R is increasing in ç -¥, ÷ and
è 4ø æ pö
(b) Decreasing in ç 0, ÷
è 2ø
æ3 ö
decreasing in ç , ¥ ÷. Then the function
è4 ø
æ p ö
2 (c) Decreasing in ç - ,0 ÷
g x = ax - 6x + 15, x Î R has a: (20-07-2021/Shift-1) è 6 ø

3 æ p pö
(a) local minimum at x = - (d) Increasing in ç - , ÷
4 è 6 2ø
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 226
88. The number of real roots of the equation 93. A wire of length 20 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of
6x 4x 3x 2x
e - e - 2e - 12e + e + 1 = 0 is ? x the pieces is to be made into a square and the other into a
regular hexagon. Then the length of the side (in meters) of
(25-07-2021/Shift-1)
the hexagon, so that the combined area of the square and
(a) 1 (b) 6 the hexagon is minimum, is: (27-08-2021/Shift-1)
(c) 4 (d) 2
89. If a rectangle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 10 5
(a) (b)
3+ 2 3 3+ 3
length 2 2 as shown in the figure, then the square of the
largest area of such a rectangle is -
10 5
(25-07-2021/Shift-2) (c) (d)
2+3 3 2+ 3

94. The number of distinct real roots of the equation is

3x 4 + 4x 3 –12x 2 + 4 = 0 _______.
(27-08-2021/Shift-1)
95. A box open from top is made from a rectangular sheet of
dimension x from each of the four corners and folding up
90. Let f : a, b ® R be twice differentiable function such the flaps. If the volume of the box is maximum, then x is
equal to : (27-08-2021/Shift-2)
x

that f x = ò g t dt for a differentiable function g x .

a a + b - a 2 + b 2 - ab
(a)
6
If f x = 0 has exactly five distinct roots in (a, b), then

g x g ' x = 0 has at least: (27-07-2021/Shift-2) a + b + a 2 + b2 - ab

(b)
(a) seven roots in (a, b) (b) five roots in (a, b) 6

(c) three roots in (a, b) (d) twelve roots in (a, b)

a + b - a 2 + b 2 - ab
91. A wire of length 36 m is cut into two pieces, one of the (c)
pieces is bent to form a square and the other is bent to 12
form a circle. If the sum of the areas of the two figures is
minimum, and the circumference of the circle is K (meter), a + b - a 2 + b 2 + ab
(d)
6
æ4 ö
then ç + 1÷ k is equal to _______.
èp ø 96. The number of real roots of the equation
(26-08-2021/Shift-1) e4x + 2e3x - e x - 6 = 0 is? (31-08-2021/Shift-1)
92. The local maximum value of the function (a) 0 (b) 1
2
x
æ2ö (c) 4 (d) 2
f x = ç ÷ , x > 0 is : (26-08-2021/Shift-2)
èxø 97. If 'R ' is the least value of 'a ' such that the function

e f x = x 2 + ax + 1 is increasing on 1, 2 and 'S'' is the

2 æ 4 ö 4
(a) e e (b) ç ÷ greatest value of 'a ' such that the function
è eø
f x = x 2 + ax + 1 is decreasing on 1, 2 , then the value
1
(c) 2 e e (d) 1 R - S is ________ ? (31-08-2021/Shift-1)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 227

98. Let f be any continuous function on 0, 2 and twice x 2 y2

99. An angle of intersection of the curves + = 1 and
a 2 b2
differentiable on 0, 2 . If f 0 = 0, f 1 = 1 and
x 2 + y 2 = ab, a < b is (31-08-2021/Shift-2)
f 2 = 2, then: (31-08-2021/Shift-2)

-1 æ a - b ö -1 æ a + b ö
(a) f ¢¢ x > 0 for all x Î 0, 2 (a) tan ç ÷ (b) tan ç ÷
è 2 ab ø è ab ø
(b) f ¢ x = 0 for some x Î 0, 2
-1 æ a - b ö
(c) tan ç
-1
÷ (d) tan 2 ab
(c) f ¢¢ x = 0 for all x Î 0, 2 è ab ø

(d) f ¢¢ x = 0 for some x Î 0, 2 100. Let f x be a cubic polynomial with

f 1 = -10,f -1 = 6, and has a local minima at x = -1.

Then f 3 is equal to ___ (31-08-2021/Shift-2)

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 228

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 7. Consider the following statements S and R :
S : Both sin x and cos x are decreasing functions in the
1. The two curves y2 = 4x and x2 + y2 – 6x + 1 = 0 at the point
(1, 2) æp ö
interval ç , p ÷
è2 ø
p
(a) intersect orthogonally (b) intersect at an angle
3 R : If a differentiable function decreases in an interval
(a, b), then its derivative also decreases in (a, b).
(c) touch each other (d) none of these
Which of the following is true ?
2. The function ‘ f ’ is defined by f (x) = xp (1 –x)q for all
(a) Both S and R are wrong.
x Î R, where p,q are positive integers, has a local maximum
(b) Both S and R are correct, but R is not the correct
value, for x equal to :
explanation for S.
pq (c) S is correct and R is the correct explanation for S.
(a) (b) 1
p+q (d) S is correct and R is wrong.
8. If the function f (x) increases in the interval (a, b) then the
p
(c) 0 (d) function f (x) = [ f (x)]2.
p+q
(a) Increases in (a, b)
2
3. The triangle formed by the tangent to the parabola y = x at (b) decreases in (a, b)
the point with abscissa x1, the y-axis and the straight line
(c) we cannot say that f (x) increases or decreases in (a, b)
y = x12 has the greatest area where x1 Î [1, 3]. Then x1
equals: (d) none of these

(a) 3 (b) 2 9. If at any point on a curve the sub-tangent and sub-normal are
equal, then the length of the normal is equal to
(c) 1 (d) none
4. Let f be a differentiable function with f (2) = 3 and
f ¢(2) = 5, and let g be the function defined by g(x) = x f (x). (a) 2 ordinate (b) ordinate
y-intercept of the tangent line to the graph of ‘g’ at point
with abscissa 2, is (c) 2 ordinate (d) none of these

(a) 20 (b) 8 10. A curve passes through the point (2, 0) and the slope of
(c) – 20 (d) – 18 the tangent at any point (x, y) is x2 – 2x for all values of x
then 3ylocal max is equal to
5. If px2 + qx + r = 0, p, q, r Î R has no real zero and the line
(a) 4 (b) 3
y + 2 = 0 is tangent to f (x) = px2 + qx + r then
(c) 1 (d) 2
(a) p + q + r > 0 (b) p – q + r > 0
11. The radius of a right circular cylinder increases at a
(c) r < 0 (d) None of these
constant rate. Its altitude is a linear function of the radius
6. If P (x) = a0 + a1x2 + a2x4 + .... + anx2n be a polynomial in and increases three times as fast as radius. When the
x Î R with 0 < a1 < a2 <... < an, then P(x) has radius is 1 cm the altitude is 6 cm. When the radius is 6 cm,
(a) no point of minima the volume is increasing at the rate of 1 cu cm/sec. When
the radius is 36 cm, the volume is increasing at a rate of n
(b) only one point of minima
cu cm/sec. The value of ‘n’ is equal to
(c) only two points of minima
(a) 12 (b) 22
(d) none of these
(c) 30 (d) 33
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 229

12. Slope of tangent to the curve 17. The sub-normal at any point of the curve
x2y2 = a2 (x2 – a2) varies as
æp xö æp xö
y = 2ex sin ç - ÷ cos ç - ÷, where 0 £ x £ 2p is (a) (abscissa)–3 (b) (abscissa)3
è4 2ø è4 2ø
(c) (ordinate)–3 (d) none of these
minimum at x =
18. The sub-tangent at any point of the curve xmyn = am + n
(a) 0 (b) p
varies as
(c) 2p (d) none of these
(a) (abscissa)2 (b) (abscissa)3

é x 3 – x 2 +10x – 5, x £1 (c) abscissa (d) ordinate

13. Let f (x) = ê the set of values of b 19. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the normal
êë –2x + log 2 b 2 – 2 , x >1
of curve x = a (cos q + q sin q), y = a (sin q – q cos q) at any
for which f (x) have greatest value at x = 1 is given by : point q is
(a) 1 £ b £ 2 (a) a (b) a/2
(b) b = {1, 2} (c) a/3 (d) none of these
(c) b Î (–¥, –1) 20. If t, n, t´, n´ are the lengths of tangent, normal, subtangent
& subnormal at a point P (x1, y1) on any curve y = f (x) then
(d) éë – 130, – 2 È 2, 130 ùû
1 1 1
(a) t2 + n2 = t´n´ (b) + 2 =
14. A curve is represented parametrically by the equation t 2
n t 'n '
x = t + eat and y = –t + eat when t Î R and a > 0. If the curve
(c) t´n´ = tn (d) nt´ = n´t
touches the axis of x at the point A, then the coordinates
of the point A are 21. Find the shortest distance between xy = 9 and x2+y2 = 1.
(a) (1, 0) (b) (1/e, 0)
(a) 3 2 + 1 (b) 2
(c) (e, 0) (d) (2e, 0)
(c) 4 (d) 3 2 - 1
b
15. If ax + ³ c for all positive x, where a, b, c > 0, then 22. The largest area of a rectangle which has one side on the
x
2
x-axis and the two vertices on the curve y = e –x is
2 2
c c
(a) ab < (b) ab ³
4 4 (a) 2 e –1/2 (b) 2 e–1/2

c (c) e–1/2 (d) none

(c) ab ³ (d) none of these
4 23. If (x – a)2n (x –b)2m +1 , where m and n are positive integers
and a > b, is the derivative of a function f, then
16. If f (x) is a differentiable function and f (x) is twice
differentiable function and a and b are roots of the equation (a) x = a gives neither a maximum nor a minimum
f (x) = 0 and f¢ (x) = 0 respectively, then which of the (b) x = a gives a maximum
following statement is true ? (a < b).
(c) x = b gives neither a maximum nor a minimum
(a) there exists exactly one root of the equation
(d) none of these
f¢ (x). f ¢(x) + f¢¢(x). f (x) = 0 and (a, b)
24. Let (h, k) be a fixed point, where h > 0, k > 0. A straight line
(b) there exists at least one root of the equation
passing through this point cuts the positive direction of
f¢ (x). f ¢(x) + f¢¢(x). f (x) = 0 and (a, b)
the coordinate axes at the points P and Q. The minimum
(c) there exists odd number of roots of the equation area of the D OPQ, O being the origin, is
f¢ (x). f ¢(x) + f¢¢(x). f (x) = 0 and (a, b)
(a) 2 kh (b) kh
(d) None of these
(c) 4kh (d) none of these
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 230
25. The set of all values of the parameters a for which the
points of local minimum of the function y = 1 + a2 x – x3 sin x sin a sin b
30. If f x = cos x cos a cos b ,where 0 < a < b < p ,
x2 + x + 2 2
satisfy the inequality £ 0 is tan x tan a tan b
x 2 + 5x + 6

(a) an empty set

then the equation f´ (x) = 0 has, in the interval (a, b)
(b) -3 3 , - 2 3
(a) atleast one root (b) atmost one root
(c) 2 3 ,3 3 (c) no root (d) none of these

x2 x2
(d) -3 3 ,- 2 3 È 2 3 ,3 3 31. If f x = ;g x = where 0 < x < 1,
2 - 2cos x 6x - 6sin x
26. The volume of the largest possible right circular cylinder
then :
that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius = 3 is:
(a) both ‘ f ’ and ‘g’ are increasing functions
4 8 (b) ‘ f ’ is decreasing and ‘g’ is increasing function
(a) 3p (b) 3p
3 3 (c) ‘ f ’ is increasing and ‘g’ is decreasing function
(c) 4p (d) 2p (d) both ‘ f ’ and ‘g’ are decreasing function
27. Tangent of acute angle between the curves y = |x2 –1| and
æ 5ö
32. For x Îçç 0, tan -1 ÷ , the function
2 ÷ø
2
y = 7 - x at their points of intersection is è

5 3 3 5
(a) (b) æ 2 sin x + 5 cos x ö
2 2 f (x) = cot–1 çç ÷÷
è 7 ø
5 3 3 5
(c) (d)
4 4 æ 5ö
(a) increases in ç 0, tan -1 ÷
ç 2 ÷ø
28. A tangent to the curve y = 1 – x2 is drawn so that the è
abscissa x0 of the point of tangency belongs to the interval
æ ö
[0, 1]. The tangent at x0 meets the x-axis and y-axis at (b) decreases in ç 0, tan -1 5 ÷
A & B respectively. The minimum area of the triangle OAB, ç 2 ÷ø
è
where O is the origin is

2 3 4 3 æ 2ö
(a) (b) (c) increases in çç 0, tan -1 ÷ and decreases in
9 9 è 5 ÷ø

2 2 æ -1 2 5ö
(c) (d) none , tan -1
9 çç tan 5
÷
2 ÷ø
è
29. If the polynomial equation
an xn + an–1 xn–1 + .... + a2 x2 + a1x + a0 = 0, n positive integer, has æ -1 2 5ö
two different real roots a and b, then between a and b, the (d) increases in çç tan , tan -1 ÷ and decreases in
è 5 2 ÷ø
equation
nanxn–1 + (n – 1) an–1 xn–2 + ... + a1 = 0 has æ -1 2ö
(a) exactly one root (b) atmost one root çç 0, tan ÷
è 5 ÷ø
(c) atleast one root (d) no root
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 231

39. The minimum value of a tan2 x + b cot2 x equals the maximum

a|x| sgn x é a|x| sgn x ù
ëê ûú value of a sin2 q + b cos2 q where a > b > 0, when
33. If f x = a ; g x =a for a > 1 and

x Î R, where { } & [ ] denote the fractional part and integral (a) a = b (b) a = 2b
part functions respectively, then which of the following (c) a = 3b (d) a = 4b
statements hold good for the function h (x), 40. A function f such that f ´(a) = f ´´(a) = ... f 2n (a) = 0 and f has
where (ln a) h (x) = (ln f (x) + ln g (x)). a local maximum value b at x = a, if f (x) is
(a) ‘h’ is even and increasing (a) (x – a)2n+2 (b) b –1 –(x +1 –a)2n+1
(b) ‘h’ is odd and decreasing (c) b – (x – a)2n+2 (d) (x–a)2n+2 – b.
(b) ‘h’ is even and decreasing 41. A truck is to be driven 300 km on a highway at a constant
(d) ‘h’ is odd and increasing speed of x kmph. Speed rules of the highway required that
30 £ x £ 60. The fuel costs Rs. 10 per litre and is consumed
34. The sum of tangent and sub-tangent at any point of the
curve y = a log (x2 – a2) varies as x2
at the rate of 2 + liters per hour. The wages of the
600
(a) abscissa
driver are Rs. 200 per hour. The most economical speed to
(b) product of the coordinates
drive the truck, in kmph, is
(c) ordinate
(a) 30 (b) 60
(d) none of these
35. For the curve xm + n = am – n y2n, where a is a positive constant (c) 30 3.3 (d) 20 3.3
and m, n are positive integers
2x
(a) (sub-tangent)m µ (sub-normal)n 42. The curve y = has
1+ x2
(b) (sub-normal)m µ (sub-tangent)n
(a) exactly three points of inflection separated by a point
(c) the ratio of subtangent and subnormal is constant
of maximum and a point of minimum
(d) none of the above (b) exactly two points of inflection with a point of maximum
36. |sin 2x| – |x| – a = 0 does not have solution if a lies in lying between them
(c) exactly two points of inflection with a point of minimum
æ 3 3 -p ö æ 3 3+p ö
lying between them
(a) çç 6 ,¥ ÷÷ (b) çç 6 ,¥ ÷÷
è ø è ø (d) exactly three points of inflection separated by two
points of maximum
(c) (1, ¥) (d) None of these

ìï x 3 + x 2 +3x +sin x 3+sin1/x , x ¹ 0

ì- x 2 , for x <0 43. Let f (x) = í then
37. Let f (x) = í 2 . Then the x-intercept of 0 , x=0
î x + 8 , for x ³0 ïî

the line that is tangent to both portions of the graph of number of points (where f (x) attains its minimum value) is
y = f (x) is (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) zero (b) –1 (c) 3 (d) infinite many
(c) –3 (d) –4 44. The number of points with integral coordinates where
38. The least area of a circle circumscribing any right triangle 2
tangent exists in the curve y = sin–1 2x 1 - x is
of area S is :
(a) pS (b) 2pS (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) None
(c) 2 pS (d) 4pS
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 232
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] 51. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the normal
of curve x = a (cosq + q sin q), y = a (sin q – q cos q)
45. The abscissa of a point on the curve xy = (a + x)2,
at a point q is ‘a’, if q =
the tangent at which cuts off equal intercepts on the
(a) p/4 (b) p/3
coordinate axes is
(c) p/2 (d) p/6
(a) -a / 2 (b) 2a
52. The points on the curve y = x 1- x 2 , –1 < x < 1 at which
(c) 2 a/2 (d) - 2 a the tangent line is vertical are

46. If f is an even function then æ 1 1ö

(a) f 2 increases on (a, b) (a) (–1, 0) (b) ç - ,- ÷
è 2 2ø
(b) f cannot be monotonic
(c) f 2 need not increases on (a, b) æ 1 1 ö
(c) (1, 0) (d) ç , ÷
è 2 2ø
(d) f has inverse
53. Let the parabolas y = x (c – x) and y = – x2 – ax + b touch
2x - 1
47. The function y = (x ¹ 2) with codomain = R – {2} each other at the point (1, 0), then
x -2
(a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a + b = 2
(a) is its own inverse
(c) b + c = 1 (d) a – c = –2
(b) decreases at all values of x in the domain
54. The value of parameter a so that the line
(c) has a graph entirely above x–axis (3 – a) x + ay + (a2 – 1) = 0 is normal to the curve xy = 1, may
(d) is bound for all x. lie in the interval

48. Let g´ (x) > 0 and f ’ (x) < 0, " x Î R, then (a) (-¥, 0) (b) (1, 3)
(c) (0, 3) (d) (3, ¥)
(a) g ( f (x +1)) > g ( f (x – 1))
55. Which of the following pair (s) of curves is/are orthogonal.
(b) f (g (x–1)) > f (g (x + 1))
(a) y2 = 4ax ; y = e–x/2a
(c) g (f (x +1)) < g ( f (x – 1))
(b) y2 = 4ax ; x2 = 4ay at (0, 0)
(d) g (g (x + 1)) < g (g (x – 1))
(c) xy = a2 ; x2 – y2 = b2
49. If f (x) = x3 – x2 + 100x + 1001, then
(d) y = ax ; x2 + y2 = c2
(a) f (2000) > f (2001)
56. If f (x) = f (x) + f (2a – x) and f ’’ (x) > 0, a > 0,
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö 0 < x < 2a then
(b) f ç ÷> f ç ÷
è 1999 ø è 2000 ø (a) f (x) increases in [a, 2a]
(b) f (x) increases in [0, a]
(c) f (x + 1) > f (x – 1)
(c) f (x) decreases in [0, a]
(d) f (3x – 5) > f (3x)
(d) f (x) decreases in [a, 2a]
50. An extremum of the function,
57. Let f (x) = xm/n for x Î R where m and n are integers, m even
2-x 1 and n odd and 0 < m < n. Then
f (x) = cos p (x +3) + 2 sin p (x + 3) 0 < x < 4 occurs
p p (a) f (x) decreases on (–¥, 0]
at : (b) f (x) increases on [0, ¥)
(a) x = 1 (b) x = 2 (c) f (x) increases on (–¥, 0]
(c) x = 3 (d) x = p (d) f (x) decreases on [0, ¥)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 233

ln x f -1
58. For function f (x) = , which of the following 63. Let g(x) = - x 2 (x – 1) – f (0) (x 2 – 1)
x 2

statements are true. f 1 2

+ x (x + 1) – f ¢ (0) x (x – 1) (x + 1) where
2
(a) f (x) has horizontal tangent at x = e
f is a thrice differentiable function. Then the correct
(b) f (x) cuts the x–axis only at one point statements are
(c) f (x) is many – one function (a) there exists x Î (–1, 0) such that f ¢ (x) = g¢ (x)

(d) f (x) has one vertical tangent (b) there exists x Î (0, 1) such that f ¢¢ (x) = g¢¢ (x)
(c) there exists x Î (–1, 1) such that f ¢¢¢ (x) = g¢¢¢ (x)
x æ pö (d) there exists x Î (–1, 1) such that f¢¢¢ (x) = 3f (1) – 3f (–1) – 6f¢(0)
59. If f (x) = , x Î ç 0, ÷, then
1 + x tan x è 2ø 64. If f : [–1, 1] ® R is a continuously differentiable function
such that f (1) > f (–1) and | f ¢(y)| < 1 for all y Î [–1, 1] then
(a) f (x) has exactly one point of minimum
(a) there exists an x Î [–1, 1] such that f ¢(x) > 0
(b) f (x) has exactly one point of maximum (b) there exists an x Î [–1, 1] such that f ¢(x) < 0
(c) f (1) < f (–1) + 2
æ pö
(c) f (x) is increasing in ç 0, ÷ (d) f (–1) . f (1) < 0
è 2ø
65. In a triangle ABC
(d) maximum occurs at x0 where x0 = cosx0
3 3
60. Let f (x) = (x – 1)4 (x – 2)n, n Î N. then f (x) has (a) sin A sin B sin C £
8
(a) local minimum at x = 2 if n is even
9
(b) local minimum at x = 1 if n is odd (b) sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C £
4
(c) local maximum at x = 1 if n is odd (c) sin A sin B sin C is always positive
(d) local minimum at x = 1 if n is even (d) sin2 A + sin2 B = 1 + cos C

61. The angle between the tangent at any point P and the line 66. The diagram shows the graph of the derivative of a function
f (x) for 0 < x < 4 with f (0) = 0. Which of the following could
joining P to the origin, where P is a point on the curve
be correct statements for y = f (x) ?
y
ln(x2 + y2) = c tan–1 , c is a constant, is
x

(a) independent of x and y

(b) dependent on c

(c) independent of c but dependent on x

(d) none of these (a) Tangent line to y = f (x) at x = 0 makes an angle of

2
62. The point on the curve xy = 1, which is nearest to the sec–1 5 with the x-axis.
origin is (b) f is strictly increasing in (0, 3)
1/3 1/6 –1/3 1/6
(a) (2 , 2 ) (b) (2 ,2 ) (c) x = 1 is both an inflection point as well as point of local
(c) (2–1/3, – 21/6) (d) (–2–1/3, 21/6) extremum.
(d) Number of critical point on y = f (x) is two.
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 234
Numerical Value Type Questions Assertion & Reason
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
67. If A is the area of the triangle formed by positive x-axis and
correct explanation for ASSERTION.
the normal and the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 at
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not
1, 3 then A / 3 is equal to a correct explanation for ASSERTION.
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
1 (D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
68. A cylinderical vessel of volume 25 cu metres, open at
7
the top is to be manufactured from a sheet of metal. (The 75. Assertion : Let f (x) = 5 – 4 (x – 2)2/3, then at x = 2 the
function f (x) attains neither least value nor greatest value.
value of p is taken as 22/7). If r and h are the radius and
height of the vessel so that amount of metal is used in the Reason : x = 2 is the only critical point of f (x).
least possible then rh is equal to (a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
x 2 y2
69. Let a be the angle in radians between + = 1 and the 76. Assertion : for any triangle ABC
36 4
circle x 2 + y2 = 12 at their points of intersection. If æ A + B + C ö sin A + sin B + sin C
sin ç ÷³
è 3 ø 3
k
a = tan -1 , then find the value of k2.
2 3 Reason : y = sin x is concave downward for x Î (0, p].
(a) A (b) B
70. If a is an integer satisfying |a| £ 5 – | [x] |, where x is a real
number for which 2x tan–1 x is greater than or equal to (c) C (d) D
ln (1 + x2), then find the number of maximum possible values 77. Assertion : The minimum distance of the fixed point
of a. (where [ . ] represents the greatest integer function) 1
(0, y0), where 0 £ y 0 £ , from the curve y = x2 is y0.
71. The circle x2 + y2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at P and Q. Another 2
circle with centre at Q and variable radius intersects the
Reason : Maxima and minima of a function is always a root
first circle at R above the x-axis and the line segment PQ at of the equation f ´ (x) = 0.
S. If A is the maximum area of the triangle QSR then 3 3 (a) A (b) B
A is equal to _____. (c) C (d) D
72. If f (x) is a twice differentiable function such that 78. Assertion : The equation 3x2 + 4ax + b = 0 has at least one
f (a) = 0, f (b) = 2, f (c) = –1, f (d) = 2, f (e) = 0, where root in (0, 1), if 3 + 4a = 0.
a < b < c < d <e, find the minimum number of zeroes of Reason : f (x) = 3x2 + 4ax + b is continuous and differentiable
g (x) = (f ´ (x))2 + f ´´(x) f (x) in the interval [a, e]. in the interval (0, 1).

73. If the length of the interval of ‘a’ such that the inequality (a) A (b) B
3 – x2 > |x – a| has atleast one negative solution is k then (c) C (d) D
find 4k. 79. Assertion : Let f : [0, ¥)®[0, ¥) and g : [0, ¥)®[0, ¥) be
74. If k is a positive integer, such that non-increasing and non-decreasing functions respectively
and h (x) = g ( f (x)). If f and g are differentiable for all points
7 in their respective domains and h (0) = 0 then h (x) is
(i) cos2 x sin x > - , for all x
k constant function.
Reason : g (x) Î [0, ¥) Þ h (x) ³ 0 and h´ (x) £ 0.
7
(ii) cos2 x sin x < - for some x, then k must be equal (a) A (b) B
k +1
(c) C (d) D
to
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 235

80. Assertion : The ratio of length of tangent to length of 86. Assertion : If f (x) is increasing function with concavity
normal is directly proportional to the ordinate of the point upwards, then concavity of f –1 (x) is also upwards.
of tangency at the curve y2 = 4ax. Reason : If f (x) is decreasing function with concavity
Reason : Length of normal & tangent to a curve upwards, then concavity of f –1 (x) is also upwards.
(a) A (b) B
y 1 + m2
2
y = f (x) is y 1 + m and , where m = dy . (c) C (d) D
m dx
87. Assertion : The largest term in the sequence
(a) A (b) B
n2 ( 400) 2 / 3
(c) C (d) D an = 3
, n Î N is .
n + 200 600
81. Assertion : Among all the rectangles of given perimeter,
the square has the largest area. Also among all the x2
rectangles of given area, the square has the least perimeter. Reason : f ( x ) = 3
, x > 0, then at x = (400)1/3,
x + 200
Reason : For x > 0, y > 0, if x + y = const, then xy will be f (x) is maximum.
maximum for y = x and if xy = const, then x + y will be
(a) A (b) B
minimum for y = x.
(c) C (d) D
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D Match the Following
82. Assertion : If g (x) is a differentiable function g(1) ¹ 0, Each question has two columns. Four options are given
g (–1) ¹ 0 and Rolles theorem is not applicable to
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
x2 - 1 Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
f (x) = in [–1, 1], then g(x) has atleast one root to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
g(x)
corresponding to the correct matching.
in (–1, 1)
Reason : If f (a) = f (b), then Rolles theorem is applicable 88. Column–I Column–II
for x Î (a, b)
(A) Circular plate is expanded by (P) 4
(a) A (b) B
heat from radius 5 cm to 5.06 cm.
(c) C (d) D
Approximate increase in area is
83. Assertion : The tangent at x = 1 to the curve
(B) If an edge of a cube increases by (Q) 0.6 p
y = x3 – x2 – x + 2 again meets the curve at x = – 2.
1% then percentage increase in
Reason : When a equation of a tangent solved with the
volume is
curve, repeated roots are obtained at point of tangency.
(C) If the rate of decrease of (R) 3
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D x2
- 2x + 5 is twice the rate
84. Assertion : Tangent drawn at the point (0, 1) to the curve 2
y = x3 – 3x + 1 meets the curve thrice at one point only. of decrease of x, then x is equal to
Reason : Tangent drawn at the point (1, –1) to the curve y (rate of decrease is non-zero)
= x3 – 3x + 1 meets the curve at 1 point only.
(a) A (b) B (D) Rate of increase in area of (S) 3 3 /4
(c) C (d) D equilateral triangle of side 15cm,
85. Assertion : Shortest distance between when each side is increasing at
| x | + | y | = 2 & x2 + y2 = 16 is 4 - 2 the rate of 0.1 cm/sec; is
Reason : Shortest distance between the two non The correct matching is :
intersecting differentiable curves lies along the common (a) (A–Q; B–R; C–P; D–S)
normal. (b) (A–R; B–P; C–Q; D–S)
(a) A (b) B (c) (A–S; B–Q; C–P; D–S)
(c) C (d) D (d) (A–P; B–Q; C–R; D–S)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 236

89. Column–I Column–II (D) The number of non-zero integral (S) 1/2
(A) If portion of the tangent at any (P) 0
3 4
values of ‘a’ for which the function
point on the curve x = at , y=at
between the axes is divided by 4 3 3x 2
f (x) = x + ax + +1 is concave
the abscissa of the point of 2
contact in the ratio m : n externally,
then |n + m| is equal to upward along the entire real line is

(m and n are coprime) (T) 2

(B) The area of triangle formed by (Q) 1/2 The correct matching is :
normal at the point (1, 0) on the
siny (a) (A–R; B–P; C–S; D–Q)
curve x = e with axes is
2 (b) (A–S; B–R; C–P; D–Q)
(C) If the angle between curves x y=1 (R) 7
2(1–x)
and y = e at the point (1, 1) is (c) (A–P,Q; B–R; C–S; D–R)
q then tan q is equal to (d) (A–Q; B–S; C–P; D–R)
(D) The length of sub-tangent at any (S) 3
x/3
91. Column - I Column - II
point on the curve y = be is
(A) The equation x log x = 3 – x has (P) (0, 1)
equal to
The correct matching is : at least one root in

(a) (A–R; B–Q; C–P; D–S) (B) If 27a + 9b + 3c + d = 0, then the (Q) (1, 3)
3 2
(b) (A–Q; B–R; C–P; D–S) equation 4ax + 3bx + 2cx + d = 0

(c) (A–P; B–Q; C–R; D–S) has at least one root in

(d) (A–S; B–P; C–Q; D–S)

1
90. Column - I Column - II (C) If c = 3 & f (x) = x + then (R) (0, 3)
x
(A) The dimensions of the rectangle (P) 6
of perimeter 36 cm, which sweeps interval of x in which LMVT
out the largest volume when is applicable for f (x), is
revolved about one of its sides, are
(B) Let A (–1, 2) and B (2, 3) be two (Q) 12 1 2
(D) If c = & f (x) = 2x – x , then (S) (–1, 1)
2
fixed points, A point P lying on
y = x such that perimeter of interval of x in which LMVT is
triangle PAB is minimum, then
applicable for f (x), is
sum of the abscissa and ordinate
of point P, is The correct matching is :

(C) If x1 and x2 are abscissae of two (R) 4 (a) (A–P; B–R; C–Q; D–P)
2
points on the curve f (x) = x – x (b) (A–R; B–S; C–Q; D–P)
in the interval [0, 1], then maximum
(c) (A–Q; B–S; C–R; D–P)
value of expression
(d) (A–R; B–S; C–P; D–P)
(x1+x2) – ( x12 + x 22 ) is
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 237

92. Column - I Column - II

x2
2
(A) If x is real, then the greatest and (P) 3 93. If y = òx t dt, then equation of tangent at x = 1 is
least value of the expression
(a) y = x + 1 (b) x + y = 1
x+2
is (c) y = x – 1 (d) y = x
2x 2 + 3x + 6
x
2 /2 d
1 94. If F (x) = ò e t (1 – t2) dt, then F (x) at x = 1 is
(B) If a + b = 1; a > 0, b > 0, then the (Q) dx
3 1

minimum value of (a) 0 (b) 1

(c) 2 (d) –1
æ 1öæ 1ö
ç1 + ÷ ç1 + ÷ is
è aøè bø x4
dy
95. If y = ò lnt dt, then lim x ® 0+ dx
is
(C) The maximum value attained by (R) 5 x3

y = 10 – |x–10|, – 1 £ x £ 3, is (a) 0 (b) 1

1 (c) 2 (d) –1
(D) If P (t2, 2t), t Î [0, 2] is an (S) -
13 Using the following passage, solve Q.96 to Q.98

arbitrary point on parabola y2=4x. Passage

Q is foot of perpendicular from æ 1 ö

Consider a function f ( x ) = ç a - - x ÷ (4 – 3x2) where
focus S on the tangent at P, then è a ø
maximum area of triangle PQS is ‘a’ is a positive parameter
The correct matching is : 96. Number of points of extrema of f (x) for a given value of a
(a) (A–S; B–P; C–P; D–R) is
(b) (A–Q; B–S; C–P; D–R) (a) 0 (b) 1

(c) (A–R; B–Q; C–P; D–S) (c) 2 (d) 3

(d) (A–S; B–R; C–P; D–Q) 97. Absolute difference between local maximum and local
minimum values of f (x) in terms of a is
Paragraph Type Questions
3 3
4æ 1ö 2æ 1ö
Using the following, solve Q.93 to Q. 95 (a) ça + ÷ (b) ça + ÷
9è aø 9è aø
Passage
3
v x
dy æ 1ö
If y = f t dt, let us define (c) ç a + ÷ (d) independent of a
ò
u x
dx
in a different manner è aø

98. Least possible value of the absolute difference between

dy local maximum and local minimum values of f (x) is
as = v' x f 2 v x -u' x f 2 u x and the
dx
32 16
(a) (b)
equation of the tangent at a, b as 9 9

8 1
æ dy ö (c) (d)
y -b = ç ÷ x-a 9 9
è dx ø a ,b
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 238

Using the following passage, solve Q.99 to Q.101 104. Two perpendicular chords of curve y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0
belonging to family of lines form diagonals of a
Passage quadrilateral. Minimum area of quadrilateral is
Consider the function f (x) = max {x2, (1 – x)2, 2x (1 – x)} (a) 16 (b) 32
where 0 £ x £ 1. (c) 64 (d) 50
Using the following passage, solve Q.105 to Q.107
99. The interval in which f (x) is increasing is
Passage
æ1 2ö æ1 1ö If y = f x is a curve and if there exists two points
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è3 3ø è3 2ø
A x1 , f x1 and B x2 , f x2 on it such that

æ1 1ö æ1 2ö æ1 1ö æ2 ö 1 f x2 - f x1
(c) ç , ÷ È ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷ È ç ,1÷ f ' x1 = - = then the tangent
è3 2ø è2 3ø è3 2ø è3 ø f ' x2 x2 - x1
at x1 1 is normal at x2 for that curve.
100. The interval in which f (x) is decreasing is
105. Number of such lines on the curve y = sinx is
æ1 2ö æ1 1ö (a) 1 (b) 0
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è3 3ø è3 2ø (c) 2 (d) infinite
106. Number of such lines on the curve y = |ln x| is
æ 1ö æ1 2ö æ 1ö æ2 ö (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) ç 0, ÷ È ç , ÷ (d) ç 0, ÷ È ç , 1÷
è 3ø è 2 3 ø è 2ø è3 ø (c) 0 (d) infinite
107. Number of such line on the curve y2 = x3 is
101. Let RMVT is applicable for f (x) on (a, b) then a + b + c is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(where c is point such that f ´ (c) = 0) (c) 3 (d) 0
Using the following passage, solve Q.108 to Q.110
2 1
(a) (b) Passage
3 3
p
Let f ´ (sin x) < 0 and f ´´(sin x) > 0 " x Î æç 0, ö÷
1 3 è 2ø
(c) (d)
2 2
Now consider a function g (x) = f (sin x) + f (cos x)
Using the following passage, solve Q.102 to Q.104 108. g (x) decreases if x belongs to
Passage æ pö æ p pö
(a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è 4ø è4 2ø
Let y = a x + bx be curve, (2x – y) + l (2x + y – 4) = 0 be
family of lines. æp pö
(c) ç , ÷ (d) none of these
è6 3ø
1 109. g (x) increase if x belongs to
102. If curve has slope - at (9, 0) then a tangent belonging
2
æ pö æp pö
to family of lines is (a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è 4ø è4 2ø
(a) x + 2y – 5 = 0 (b) x – 2y + 3 = 0
æ p pö æ p pö
(c) 3x – y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x + y – 5 = 0 (c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è8 3ø è6 3ø
103. A line of the family cutting positive intercepts on axes
110. The set of critical points of g (x) is
and forming triangle with coordinate axes, then minimum
length of the line segment between axes is ìp pü ìp p pü
(a) í , ý (b) í , , ý
(a) (22/3 – 1)3/2 (b) (22/3 + 1)3/2 î8 6þ î8 6 3þ

(c) 73/2 (d) 27 ìp p pü

(c) í , , ý (d) none of these
î8 6 4þ
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 239

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 7. The length of a longest interval in which the function
3sin x – 4 sin3 x is increasing, is (2002)
1. For all x Î (0, 1) (2000)
x
(a) e < 1 + x (b) loge (1 + x) < x p p
(a) (b)
3 2
(c) sin x > x (d) loge x > x
3p
(c) (d) p
2. Let f (x) =
ò e x x -1 x - 2 dx. Then f decreases in the 2

8. The point(s) on the curve y3 + 3x2 = 12 y where the tangent

interval (2000)
is vertical, is (are) (2002)
(a) (-¥, -2) (b) (-2, -1)
(c) (1, 2) (d) (2, ¥) æ 4 ö æ 11 ö
(a) ç ± , -2 ÷ (b) çç ± 3 , 0 ÷÷
è 3 ø è ø
ì| x |, for 0 <| x |£ 2
3. Let f (x) = í Then, at x = 0, f has
î 1 , for x =0
æ 4 ö
(c) ( 0, 0) (d) ç ± , 2÷
(2000) è 3 ø
(a) a local maximum (b) no local maximum
9. The equation of the common tangent to the curves
(c) a local minimum (d) no extremum y2 = 8x and xy = –1 is (2002)
4. If the normal to the curve, y = f (x) at the point (3, 4) makes (a) 3y = 9x + 2 (b) y = 2x + 1
an angle 3p/4 with the positive x–axis,
(c) 2y = x + 8 (d) y = x + 2
then f ´ (3) is equal to (2000)
10. If f (x) = x2 + 2bx + 2c2 and g (x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 such that min
(a) –1 (b) –3/4
f (x) > max g (x), then the relation between
(c) 4/3 (d) 1 b and c, is – (2003)
5. If f (x) = xex (1–x), then f (x) is (2001)
(a) no real value of b & c (b) 0 < c < b 2
é 1 ù
(a) increasing in ê - ,1ú (b) decreasing in R (c) c < b 2 (d) c > b 2
ë 2 û
11. If f (x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d and 0 < b2 < c, then in (-¥, ¥)
é 1 ù
(c) increasing in R (d) decreasing in ê - ,1ú (2004)
ë 2 û
(a) f (x) is strictly increasing function
6. The maximum value of (cos a1) . (cos a2) ..... (cos an), under (b) f (x) has a local maxima
p (c) f (x) is strictly decreasing function
the restrictions 0 < a1, a2, .... an < and
2
(d) f (x) is bounded.
(cot a1) . (cot a2) ..... (cot an) = 1 is (2001) 12. If f (x) is differentiable and strictly increasing function,

1 1 f x 2 - f (x)
(a) (b)
2 n/2
2n then the value of lxim is (2004)
®0 f (x) - f (0)

1 (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) (d) 1
2n
(c) –1 (d) 2
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 240
13. Tangents are drawn to the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 2, then the 19. The total number of local maxima and local minima of the
locus of the mid point of the intercept made by the tangents
ì (2 + x )3 , -3 < x £ - 1
between the coordinate axes is (2004) ï
function f (x ) = í 2 is (2008)
ïî x 3 , -1 < x < 2
1 1 1 1
(a) + =1 (b) + =1
2 x 2 4y 2 4 x 2 2y 2 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3

x2 y2 x2 y2 20. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the

(c) + =1 (d) + =1 2 2 2 2
2 4 4 2 x -x x -x
interval [0, 1] by f(x) = e + e , g(x) = xe + e and
2 2
14. The angle between the tangents drawn from the point h(x) = x 2 e x + e - x . If a, b and c denote respectively, the
2
(1, 4) to the parabola y = 4x is (2004)
absolute maximum of f, g and h on [0, 1], then (2010)
(a) p/6 (b) p/4
(a) a = b and c ¹ b (b) a = c and a ¹ b
(c) p/3 (d) p/2 (c) a ¹ b and c ¹ b (d) a = b = c
15. The second degree polynomial f (x), satisfying f (0) = 0, 21. The number of points in (-¥, ¥), for which
f (1) = 1, f ´ (x) > 0 for all xÎ (0, 1) : (2005) x2 – x sin x – cos x = 0, is (2013)
(a) f (x) = f (a) 6 (b) 4
(b) f (x) = ax + (1 – a) x2; " a Î (0, ¥) (c) 2 (d) 0
22. Consider all rectangles lying in the region
(c) f (x) = ax + (1 – a) x2; a Î (0, 2)
(d) No such polynomial ì p ü
í( x, y ) Î R ´ R : 0 £ x £ and 0 £ y £ 2 sin (2 x ) ý
16. The tangent at (1, 7) to the curve x2 = y – 6 touches the circle î 2 þ
x2 + y2 + 16x +12y + c = 0 at (2005) and having one side on the x-axis. The area of the rectangle
(a) (6, 7) (b) (–6, 7) which has the maximum perimeter among all such
rectangles, is (2020)
(c) (6, –7) (d) (–6, –7)
17. The tangent to the curve y = ex drawn at the point (c, ec) 3p
(a) (b) p
intersects the line joining the points (c – 1, e c–1
) and 2
(c + 1, ec + 1) (2007)
p p 3
(a) on the left of x = c (b) on the right of x = c (c) (d)
2 3 2
(c) at no point (d) at all points
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
æ p pö
18. Let the function g : (–¥, ¥) ® ç - , ÷ be given by 23. If f (x) is cubic polynomial which has local maximum at
è 2 2ø
x = –1. If f (2) = 18, f (1) = –1 and f ’ (x) has local minimum at
x = 0, then (2006)
p
g (u) = 2 tan–1 (eu) – . Then, g is (2008) (a) the distance between (–1, 2) and (a, f (a)) where x = a is
2
the point of local minima, is 2 5 .
(a) even and is strictly increasing in (0, ¥)
(b) odd and is strictly decreasing in (–¥, ¥) (b) f (x) is increasing for x Î [1, 2 5]
(c) odd and is strictly increasing in (–¥, ¥) (c) f (x) has local minima at x = 1
(d) neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in (d) the value of f (0) = 5
(–¥, ¥)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 241

28. The function f (x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2| – 2| x|| has a local

ì ex , 0 £ x £1
ï minimum or a local maximum at x is equal to
x -1
24. If f (x) = í2 - e , 1 < x £ 2
ï x - e, 2 < x £ 3 (2013)
î
-2
(a) –2 (b)
x 3
and g(x) = ò f (t) dt, x Î [1, 3], then (2006)
0

(a) g (x) has local maxima at x = 1 + loge 2 and local minima 2

(c) 2 (d)
at x = e 3
(b) f (x) has local maxima at x = 1 and local minima at x = 2 29. Let a Î R and let f : R ® R be given by
(c) g (x) has no local minima
f (x) = x5 – 5 x + a.
(d) f (x) has no local maxima
Then (2014)
1 (a) f (x) has three real roots if a > 4
25. For the function f (x) = x cos , x ³ 1. (2009)
x
(b) f (x) has only one real root if a > 4
(a) for at least one x in the interval
(c) f (x) has three real roots if a < – 4
[1, ¥), f (x + 2) – f (x) < 2
(d) f (x) has three real roots if – 4 < a < 4
(b) xlim f ¢(x) = 1
®¥ 30. Let f : R ® (0, ¥) and g : R ® R, be twice differentiable
(c) for all x in the interval [1, ¥), f(x + 2) – f(x) > 2 functions such that f ¢¢ and g¢¢ are continuous functions
(d) f’ (x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, ¥) on . Suppose f ¢(2) = g(2) = 0, f ¢¢ (2) ¹ 0 and g¢ (2) ¹ 0. If
26. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval then (2016)

x
(a) f has a local minimum at x = 2
(0, ¥), by f (x) = l n x + ò 1 + sin t dt . Then which of the (b) f has a local maximum at x = 2
0
(c) f ¢¢(2) = f (2)
following statement(s) is (are) true ? (2010)
(d) f (x) – f ¢¢(x) = 0 for at least one x Î
(a) f ”(x) exists for all x Î (0, ¥)
(b) f ’(x) exists for all x Î (0, ¥) and f ’ is continuous on 31. Let f: R ® R be given by
(0, ¥), but not differentiable on (0, ¥)
(c) there exists a > 1 such that |f ’ (x)| < | f(x)| for all ì x 5 + 5 x 4 + 10 x 3 + 10 x 2 + 3 x + 1 x<0
x Î (a, ¥) ï 2
ï x - x +1 0 £ x <1
f ( x) = í 3 2
(d) there exists b > 0 such that |f (x) | + | f ’(x)| £ b from all ï (2 / 3) x - 4 x + 7 x - (8 / 3) 1 £x<3
x Î (0, ¥) ï ( x - 2)ln( x - 2) - x + (10 / 3) x³3
î
27. A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having
their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into an open
Then which of the following options is/are correct?
rectangular box by folding after removing squares of equal
(2019)
area from all four corners. If the total area of removed
squares is 100, the resulting box has maximum volume. (a) f ’ is not differentiable at x=1
The lengths of the sides of the rectangular sheet are
(b) f is increasing on (-¥, 0)
(2013)
(a) 24 (b) 32 (c) f is onto

(c) 45 (d) 60 (d) f ’ has a local maximum at x=1

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 242
32. Let f: R ® R be given by f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)(x – 5). Define 38. If f (x) is twice differentiable function such that
x f (a) = 0, f (b) = 2, f (c) = –1, f (d) = 2, f (e) = 0, where
f(x) = ò f t dt, x > 0. Then which of the following options a < b < c < d <e, then the minimum number of zeroes of
0
g (x) = { f ´ (x)}2 + f ´´(x) . f (x) in the interval [a, e] is ?
is/are correct? (2019)
(2006)
(a) f(x) has a local maximum at x = 2
3 2
39. The maximum value of the function f (x) = 2x – 15x + 36x – 48
(b) f(x) has a local minimum at x = 1
on the set A = {x |x2 + 20 < 9x} is .........
(c) f(x) has two local maxima and one local minimum in
(0, ¥) (2009)

(d) f(x) ¹ 0, for all x Î (0, 5) 40. The maximum value of the expression

sin p x 1
33. Let f ( x) = , x > 0.
x2 sin q+ 3sin q cos q+ 5cos 2q is......
2 (2010)

Let x1< x2< x3 .... < xn< ..... be all points of local maximum of 41. Let f be a function defined on R (the set of all real numbers)
f and y1< y2< y3< ...... < yn< ....... be all the points of local such that f ¢ (x) = 2010 (x – 2009) (x – 2010)2 (x – 2011)3
minimum of f Then which of the following options is/are (x – 2012)4, for all x Î R. If g is a function defined on R with
correct? (2019) values in the interval (0, ¥) such that f (x) = 1n (g(x)), for all
(a) |xn – yn| > 1 for every n x Î R, then the number of points in R at which g has a local
(b) x1< y1 maximum is ... (2010)

(c) xn +1 – xn> 2 for every n 42. The number of distinct real roots of
x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x – 1 = 0 is .... (2011)
æ 1ö
(d) xn Î ç 2n, 2n + ÷ for every n 43. Let p (x) be a real polynomial of least degree which has a
è 2ø
local maximum at x = 1 and a local minimum at x = 3. If
p (1) = 6 and p (3) = 2, then p¢ (0) is (2012)
x 2 - 3x - 6
34. Let f : R ® R be defined by f x = 44. Let f : R ® R be defined as f (x) = |x| + |x2 – 1|. The total
x 2 + 2x + 4 number of points at which f attains either a local maximum
Then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE? or a local minimum is (2012)
(2021) 45. A vertical line passing through the point (h, 0) intersects
(a) f is decreasing in the interval (-2, -1) x 2 y2
the ellipse + = 1 at the points P and Q. Let the
(b) f is increasing in the interval (1, 2) 4 3
(c) f is onto tangents to the ellipse at P and Q meet at the point R. If
max D(h) and
D(h) = area of the DPQR, D1 = 1/2
(d) Range of f is é - 3 , 2 ù
£ h £1

ê 2 ú
ë û
D2 = 1/2min
£ h £1
D(h), then 8 D1 – 8D2 is equal to (2013)
Numerical Value Type Questions 5

35. A straight line L with negative slope passes through the 46. The slope of the tangent to the curve (y–x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 at
point (8, 2) and cuts the positive coordinate axes at points the point (1, 3) is (2014)
P and Q. Find the absolute minimum value of OP + OQ, as 47. For a polynomial g (x) with real coefficient, let mg denote
L varies, where O is the origin. (2002) the number of distinct real roots of g (x). Suppose S is the
36. Find a point on the curve x2 + 2y2 = 6 whose distance from set of polynomials with real coefficient defined by
the line x + y = 7, is minimum. (2003)
S = {( x 2 - 1) 2 ( a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + a3 x 3 ) : a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 Î R}.
37. For the circle x2 + y2 = r2 , find the value of r for which the
area enclosed by the tangents drawn from the point For a polynomial f, let f’ and f’’ denote its first and second
P (6, 8) to the circle and the chord of contact is maximum. order derivatives, respectively. Then the minimum possible
(2003)
value of (m f ¢ + m f ¢¢ ), where f Î S, is …….. . (2020)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 243

48. Let the function f :(0,p ) ® R be defined by 52. Which of the following is true ?
(a) f (x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) and has a local minimum at x = 1.
f (q ) = (sinq + cosq )2 + (sin q - cosq )4
(b) f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1) and has a local maximum at x = 1.
Suppose the function g has a local minimum at q precisely
(c) f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local
when q Î{l1p ,....., lrp } maximum nor a local minimum at x = 1.
where 0 < l1 < ...... < lr < 1. Then the value of (d) f (x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local
maximum nor a local minimum at x = 1.
l1 + ..... + lr is …….. . (2020)
Assertion & Reason ex
f¢ t
49. Consider the folloiwng statement S and R :
S : Both sin x & cos x are decreasing functions in the
53. Let g (x) =
ò0 1+ t 2
dt . Which of the following is true ?

interval (p/2, p).

R : If a differentiable function decreases in an interval (a) g¢ (x) is positive on (-¥, 0) and negative on (0, ¥)
(a, b), then its derivative also decreases in (a, b). (b) g¢ (x) is negative on (-¥, 0) and positive on (0, ¥)
Which of the following is true ? (2000)
(c) g¢ (x) changes sign on both (-¥, 0) and (0, ¥)
(a) both S and R are wrong
(b) both S and R are correct, but R is not the correct (d) g¢ (x) does not change sign (-¥, ¥)
explanation for S.
Using the following passage, solve Q.54 to Q.56
(c) S is correct and R is the correct explanation for S
(d) S is correct and R is wrong. Passage
2 3
Match the Following Consider the polynomial f (x) = 1 + 2x + 3x + 4x . Let s be
the sum of all distinct real roots of f (x) and let t = |s|
Each question has two columns. Four options are given (2010)
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds 54. The real numbers s lies in the interval
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
corresponding to the correct matching. æ 1 ö æ 3ö
(a) ç - ,0 ÷ (b) ç -11, - ÷
è 4 ø è 4ø
50. Let the functions defined in Column I have domain
(-p/2, p/2)
æ 3 1ö æ 1ö
Column I Column II (c) ç - , - ÷ (d) ç 0, ÷
è 4 2ø è 4ø
(A) x + sin x (p) increasing
(B) sec x (q) decreasing 55. The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0,
(r) neither increasing nor decreasing y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
(2008)
æ3 ö æ 21 11 ö
(a) ç ,3 ÷ (b) ç , ÷
Paragraph Type Questions è4 ø è 64 16 ø

Using the following passage, solve Q.51 to Q.53

æ 21 ö
Passage (c) (9, 10) (d) ç 0, ÷
è 64 ø
Consider the function f : (-¥, ¥) ® (-¥, ¥) defined by
56. The function f’ (x) is
x 2 - ax +1
f x = ; 0< a < 2. (2008)
x 2 + ax + 1 æ 1ö æ 1 ö
(a) increasing in ç - t, - ÷ and decreasing in ç - , t ÷
è 4ø è 4 ø
51. Which of the following is true ?
(a) (2 + a)2 f ¢¢ (1) + (2 – a)2 f ¢¢ (–1) = 0
æ 1ö æ 1 ö
(b) (2 – a)2 f ¢¢ (1) – (2 + a)2 f ¢¢ (–1) = 0 (b) decreasing in ç - t, - ÷ and increasing in ç - , t ÷
è 4ø è 4 ø
(c) f ¢ (1) f ¢ (–1) = (2 – a)2
(c) increasing in (–t, t)
(d) f ¢ (1) f ¢ (–1) = – (2 + a)2 (d) decreasing in (–t, t)
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 244
Using the following passage, solve Q.57 and Q.58 Using the following passage, solve Q.61 to Q.63
Passage
Passage
Let f (x) = (1–x)2 sin2 x + x2 for all x Î R and let

x æ 2(t - 1) ö Let f(x) = x + loge x – x loge x, x Î 0, ¥ .

g(x) = ò ç - ln t ÷ f (t) dt for all x Î (1, ¥)
1
è t +1 ø
Column 1 contains information about zeros of f(x), f’(x)
57. Which of the following is true ? (2012)
and f’’(x).
(a) g is increasing on (1, ¥)
(b) g is decreasing on (1, ¥) Column 2 contains information about the limiting behavior

(c) g is increasing on (1, 2) and decreasing on (2, ¥) of f(x), f’(x) and f’’(x) at infinity.

(d) g is decreasing on (1, 2) and increasing on (2, ¥) Column 3 contains information about increasing/
58. Consider the statements decreasing nature of f(x) and f’(x).
P : There exists some x Î R such that Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
f (x) + 2x = 2 (1 + x2)
(I) f(x) = 0 for some (i) lim f (x) = 0 (P) f is increasing in (0, 1)
Q : There exists some x Î R such that x ®¥

2 f(x) + 1 = 2x (1 + x) x Î (1, e2 )
Then, (2012)
(a) Both P and Q are true (b) P is true and Q is false (II) f’(x) = 0 for some (ii) lim f (x) = -¥ (Q) f isdecreasing in (e, e2)
x ®¥
(c) P is false and Q is true (d) Both P and Q are false
x Î (1, e)
Using the following passage, solve Q.59 and Q.60
Passage (III) f’(x) = 0 for some (iii) lim f '(x) = -¥ (R) f’ is increasing in (0, 1)
x ®¥
Let f : [0, 1] ® R (the set of all real numbers) be a function.
Suppose the function f is twice differentiable, f (0) = f(1)=0 x Î (0, 1)
and satisfies f’’ (x) – 2f’ (x) + f(x) ³ ex, x Î [0, 1].
(IV) f’’(x)=0 for some (iv) lim f ''(x) = 0 (S) f’ is decreasing in (e, e2)
59. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1 ? (2013) x ®¥

x Î (1,e) (2017)
1 1
(a) 0 < f(x) < ¥ (b) - < f (x) <
2 2 61. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT

1 combination ?
(c) - < f (x) < 1 (d) – ¥ < f(x) < 0
4
(a) (I) (ii) (R) (b) (IV) (i) (S)
60. If the function e–x f (x) assumes its minimum in the interval
(c) (III) (iv) (P) (d) (II) (iii) (S)
1
[0, 1] at x = , which of the following is true ? (2013)
4 62. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT
combination ?
1 3
(a) f ¢(x) < f (x), <x<
4 4 (a) (I) (i) (P) (b) (II) (ii) (Q)

1 (c) (III) (iii) (R) (d) (IV) (iv) (S)

(b) f ¢(x) > f (x), 0 < x <
4
63. Which of the following options is the only INCORRECT
1 combination ?
(c) f ¢(x) < f (x), 0 < x <
4
(a) (II) (iii) (P) (b) (I) (iii) (P)
3 (c) (III) (i) (R) (d) (II) (iv) (Q)
(d) f ¢(x) < f (x), < x <1
4
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 245

Using the following passage, solve Q.64 and Q.65 Text

Passage
66. Let – 1 < p < 1. Show that the equation 4x3 – 3x – p = 0 has
Let f1 : 0, ¥ ® R and f 2 : 0, ¥ ® R be defined by é1 ù
a unique root in the interval ê , 1ú and identify it.
ë2 û
x 21
f1 x = ò Õ t - j dt, x > 0
j (2001)
0 j=1
dP x
67. If P (1) = 0 and > P (x) for all x > 1, then prove that
50 49 dx
and f 2 x = 98 x - 1 - 600 x - 1 + 2450, x > 0, P (x) > 0 for all x > 1. (2003)
Where, for any positive integer n and real numbers 68. Using the relation 2 (1 – cos x) < x2, x ¹ 0 or otherwise,
n prove that sin (tan x) ³ x, " x Î é0, p ù. (2003)
a1 , a 2 , ......, a n , Õ a i denotes the product of ê 4ú
ë û
i =1

a1 , a 2 , ......, a n . Let mi and ni, respectively, denote the 3x . x + 1 é pù

69. Prove that sin x + 2x > " x Î ê0, .
p ë 2 úû
number of points of local minima and the number of points
(Justify the inequality, if any used). (2004)
of local maxima of function fi, i = 1, 2, in the interval 0, ¥.
2
70. If | f (x1) – f (x2)| < (x1 – x2) , for all x1, x2 Î R. Find the equation
(2021) of tangent to the curve y = f (x) at the point
(1, 2). (2005)
64. The value of 2m1 + 3n1 + m1n1 is-------.

65. The value of 6m 2 + 4n 2 + 8m 2 n 2 is ---------.

 Answer Key
CHAPTER -4 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a)
16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (c)
16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (c) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. 3.00 25. (d)

21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (c)
26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (a)
36. 122.00 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (b)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c)
41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (d)
36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (a) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (c) 50. (a)

41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (b) 51. 5 52. (a) 53. (d) 54. (c) 55. (b)
56. (d) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. 4.00
46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (c)
61. (b) 62. (3.00) 63. (d) 64. (c) 65. (c)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (c) 66. (c) 67. (9.00) 68. (c) 69. (b) 70. (a)
56. (a) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (b) 71. (d) 72. (a) 73. (144.00) 74. (a)
75. (4.00) 76. (d) 77. (d) 78. (2.00) 79. (c)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (c)
80. (b) 81. (b) 82. (5.00) 83. (b) 84. (d)
65. (169.65) 66. (1.5) 67. (-3) 68. (5.2)
85. (c) 86. (a) 87. (c) 88. (d) 89. (3.0)
69. (12.57) 70. (17.32) 71. (502.65) 72. (1) 90. (a) 91. (36.00) 92. (a) 93. (a) 94. (4.0)

73. (45) 74. (17.32) 75. (-42) 76. (0.07) 95. (a) 96. (b) 97. (2.00) 98. (d) 99. (c)
100. (22.00)
77. (-3) 78. (1) 79. (2.12) 80. (0.1)
ANSWER KEY 253

CHAPTER -4 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE

EXERCISE - 3 : EXERCISE - 4 :
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)
16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (d) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (d)

26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a) 21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (b,c) 24. (a,b)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (a)
25. (b,c,d) 26. (b,c) 27. (a,c) 28. (a,b) 29. (b,d)
36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (c)
30. (a,d) 31. (a,c,d) 32. (a,b,d) 33. (a,c,d) 34. (a,b )
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (a,c)
46. (b,c) 47. (a,b) 48. (b,c) 49. (b,c) 50. (b,d) 35. (18) 36. (2,1) 37. (5 unit) 38. (6)

51. (a,b,c,d) 52. (a,c) 53. (a,c,d) 54. (a,d) 39. (7) 40. (2) 41. (1) 42. (2) 43. (2)
55. (a,b,c,d) 56. (a,c) 57. (a,b)
44. (5) 45. (9) 46. (8) 47. (5.00)
58. (a,b,c) 59. (a,c) 60. (a,c,d) 61. (a,b) 62. (b,c)
48. (0.50) 49. (d) 50. (A–p; B–r)
63. (a,b,c,d) 64. (a,c) 65. (a,b,c)
66. (a,b,d)67. (2) 68. (4) 69. (16) 70. (11) 51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (a)
71. (4) 72. (6) 73. (25) 74. (18) 75. (d) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (c)
76. (a) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (a)
61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (57.00)
81. (a) 82. (c) 83. (d) 84. (c) 85. (d)
86. (d) 87. (d) 88. (a) 89. (a) 90. (c) æ1 -1 ö
65. (6.00) 66. cos ç cos p ÷ 70. y-2 = 0
91. (a) 92. (a) 93. (c) 94. (a) 95. (a) è3 ø
96. (d) 97. (a) 98. (a) 99. (d) 100. (c)
101. (d) 102. (b) 103. (b) 104. (b) 105. (b)
106. (c) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (b) 110. (d)
JOIN OUR
WHATSAPP
GROUPS
FOR FREE EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
JOIN SCHOOL OF EDUCATORS WHATSAPP GROUPS
FOR FREE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
We are thrilled to introduce the School of Educators WhatsApp Group, a
platform designed exclusively for educators to enhance your teaching & Learning
experience and learning outcomes. Here are some of the key benefits you can
expect from joining our group:

BENEFITS OF SOE WHATSAPP GROUPS

Abundance of Content: Members gain access to an extensive repository of

educational materials tailored to their class level. This includes various formats such
as PDFs, Word files, PowerPoint presentations, lesson plans, worksheets, practical
tips, viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum details, syllabus,
marking schemes, exam patterns, and blueprints. This rich assortment of resources
enhances teaching and learning experiences.

Immediate Doubt Resolution: The group facilitates quick clarification of doubts.

Members can seek assistance by sending messages, and experts promptly respond
to queries. This real-time interaction fosters a supportive learning environment
where educators and students can exchange knowledge and address concerns
effectively.

Access to Previous Years' Question Papers and Topper Answers: The group
provides access to previous years' question papers (PYQ) and exemplary answer
scripts of toppers. This resource is invaluable for exam preparation, allowing
individuals to familiarize themselves with the exam format, gain insights into scoring
techniques, and enhance their performance in assessments.
 Free and Unlimited Resources: Members enjoy the benefit of accessing an array of
educational resources without any cost restrictions. Whether its study materials,
teaching aids, or assessment tools, the group offers an abundance of resources
tailored to individual needs. This accessibility ensures that educators and students
have ample support in their academic endeavors without financial constraints.

Instant Access to Educational Content: SOE WhatsApp groups are a platform where
teachers can access a wide range of educational content instantly. This includes study
materials, notes, sample papers, reference materials, and relevant links shared by
group members and moderators.

Timely Updates and Reminders: SOE WhatsApp groups serve as a source of timely
updates and reminders about important dates, exam schedules, syllabus changes, and
academic events. Teachers can stay informed and well-prepared for upcoming
assessments and activities.

Interactive Learning Environment: Teachers can engage in discussions, ask questions,

and seek clarifications within the group, creating an interactive learning environment.
This fosters collaboration, peer learning, and knowledge sharing among group
members, enhancing understanding and retention of concepts.

Access to Expert Guidance: SOE WhatsApp groups are moderated by subject matter
experts, teachers, or experienced educators can benefit from their guidance,
expertise, and insights on various academic topics, exam strategies, and study
techniques.

Join the School of Educators WhatsApp Group today and unlock a world of resources,
support, and collaboration to take your teaching to new heights. To join, simply click
on the group links provided below or send a message to +91-95208-77777 expressing
your interest.

Together, let's empower ourselves & Our Students and

inspire the next generation of learners.

Best Regards,
Team
School of Educators
 Join School of Educators WhatsApp Groups

You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class WhatsApp Group.

Kindergarten to Class XII (For Teachers Only)

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Class 4 Class 5 Class 6

Class 7 Class 8 Class 9

Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Humanities)

Class 11 (Commerce) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Humanities)

Class 12 (Commerce) Kindergarten

Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary Groups
(IX & X For Teachers Only)
Secondary Groups (IX & X)

SST Mathematics Science

English Hindi-A IT Code-402

Hindi-B Artificial Intelligence

Senior Secondary Groups (XI & XII For Teachers Only)

Physics Chemistry English

Mathematics Biology Accountancy

Economics BST History

 Geography Sociology Hindi Elective

Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit

Psychology Political Science Painting

Vocal Music Comp. Science IP

Physical Education APP. Mathematics Legal Studies

Entrepreneurship French IT

Artificial Intelligence

Other Important Groups (For Teachers & Principal’s)

Principal’s Group Teachers Jobs IIT/NEET

 Join School of Educators WhatsApp Groups

You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class WhatsApp Group.

Kindergarten to Class XII (For Students Only)

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Class 4 Class 5 Class 6

Class 7 Class 8 Class 9

Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Humanities)

Class 11 (Commerce) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Humanities)

Class 12 (Commerce) Artificial Intelligence

(VI TO VIII)
Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary Groups
(IX & X For Students Only)
Secondary Groups (IX & X)

SST Mathematics Science

English Hindi IT Code

Artificial Intelligence

Senior Secondary Groups (XI & XII For Students Only)

Physics Chemistry English

Mathematics Biology Accountancy

Economics BST History

 Geography Sociology Hindi Elective

Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit

Psychology Political Science Painting

Music Comp. Science IP

Physical Education APP. Mathematics Legal Studies

Entrepreneurship French IT

AI IIT/NEET CUET
Groups Rules & Regulations:
To maximize the benefits of these WhatsApp groups, follow these guidelines:

1. Share your valuable resources with the group.

2. Help your fellow educators by answering their queries.
3. Watch and engage with shared videos in the group.
4. Distribute WhatsApp group resources among your students.
5. Encourage your colleagues to join these groups.

Additional notes:
1. Avoid posting messages between 9 PM and 7 AM.
2. After sharing resources with students, consider deleting outdated data if necessary.
3. It's a NO Nuisance groups, single nuisance and you will be removed.
No introductions.
No greetings or wish messages.
No personal chats or messages.
No spam. Or voice calls
Share and seek learning resources only.

Please only share and request learning resources. For assistance,

contact the helpline via WhatsApp: +91-95208-77777.
 Join Premium WhatsApp Groups
Ultimate Educational Resources!!

Join our premium groups and just Rs. 1000 and gain access to all our exclusive
materials for the entire academic year. Whether you're a student in Class IX, X, XI, or
XII, or a teacher for these grades, Artham Resources provides the ultimate tools to
enhance learning. Pay now to delve into a world of premium educational content!

Click here for more details

Class 9 Class 10 Class 11

Class 12

📣 Don't Miss Out! Elevate your academic journey with top-notch study materials and secure
your path to top scores! Revolutionize your study routine and reach your academic goals with
our comprehensive resources. Join now and set yourself up for success! 📚🌟

Best Wishes,

Team
School of Educators & Artham Resources
 SKILL MODULES BEING OFFERED IN
MIDDLE SCHOOL

Artificial Intelligence Beauty & Wellness Design Thinking & Financial Literacy
Innovation

Handicrafts Information Technology Marketing/Commercial Mass Media - Being Media

Application Literate

Data Science (Class VIII Augmented Reality /

Travel & Tourism Coding
only) Virtual Reality

Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine & Things you should know What to do when Doctor
Vaccine about keeping Medicines is not around
at home

Humanity & Covid-19 Blue Pottery Pottery Block Printing

 Food Food Preservation Baking Herbal Heritage

Khadi Mask Making Mass Media Making of a Graphic

Novel

Kashmiri Embroidery Satellites

Rockets
Embroidery

Application of Photography
Satellites
SKILL SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL (CLASSES IX – X)

Retail Information Technology Automotive

Security

Introduction To Financial Introduction To Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Markets

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking & Insurance Marketing & Sales

Health Care Apparel Multi Media Multi Skill Foundation

Course

Artificial Intelligence
Physical Activity Trainer Electronics & Hardware
Data Science
(NEW)

Foundation Skills For Sciences Design Thinking & Innovation (NEW)

(Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology)(NEW)
 SKILL SUBJECTS AT SR. SEC. LEVEL
(CLASSES XI – XII)

Retail InformationTechnology Web Application Automotive

Financial Markets Management Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking Marketing

Health Care Insurance Horticulture Typography & Comp.

Application

Geospatial Technology Electrical Technology Electronic Technology Multi-Media

 Taxation Cost Accounting Office Procedures & Shorthand (English)
Practices

Shorthand (Hindi) Air-Conditioning & Medical Diagnostics Textile Design

Refrigeration

Salesmanship Business Food Nutrition &

Design
Administration Dietetics

Mass Media Studies Library & Information Fashion Studies Applied Mathematics
Science

Yoga Early Childhood Care & Artificial Intelligence Data Science

Education

Physical Activity Land Transportation Electronics & Design Thinking &

Trainer(new) Associate (NEW) Hardware (NEW) Innovation (NEW)