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AC Circuits 2

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12 views

AC Circuits 2

Uploaded by

S. Oviya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BEEE102L : Basic Electrical

Engineering
Module 2- AC Circuits

1
• When comparing two sinusoids, it is convenient to express both as
either sine or cosine with positive amplitudes.
• Trigonometric identities:

𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 ± 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 ± 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵


𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 ± 𝐵) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 ∓ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 ± 180) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡
𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 ± 180) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡
𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 ± 90) = ±𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡
𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 ± 90) = ∓𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡
• Using these relationships, we can transform a sinusoid from sine form to cosine
form or vice versa.

2
Example:

Transform the following sinusoids to phasors:


i = 6cos(50t – 40o) A
v = –4sin(30t + 50o) V

Solution:
a. I = 6 − 40 A
b. Since –sin(A) = cos(A+90o);
v(t) = 4cos (30t+50o+90o) = 4cos(30t+140o) V
Transform to phasor => V = 4140 V

3
Example:
Transform the phasors to sinusoids :
a. V = − 1030 V
b. I = j(5 − j12) A

Solution:
a) v(t) = 10cos(t + 210o) V
5
b) Since I = 12 + j5 = 122 + 52  tan −1 ( ) = 13 22.62
12
i(t) = 13cos(t + 22.62o) A

4
Q. The voltage 𝑣 = 12 cos(60 𝑡 + 45°) is applied to 0.1 H
inductor. Find the steady state current through the inductor.
Voltage across the inductor, 𝑉 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿𝐼

𝑉 = 12 ∠45°

𝜔 = 60 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑉 12∠45° 12∠45°
𝐼= = = = 2∠ 45° − 90°
𝑗𝜔𝐿 𝑗 ∗ 60 ∗ 0.1 6∠90°
𝐼 = 2∠ − 45°
In time domain representation, the current through the inductor is
given by
𝑖 = 2 cos(60 𝑡 − 45°) 𝐴

5
Impedance
• The impedance Z of a circuit is the ratio of the phasor
voltage V to the phasor current I, measured in ohms Ω.
V
Z = = R + jX
I

R = Re, Z is the resistance and X = Im, Z is the reactance. Positive X is


for L and negative X is for C.

6
Admittance
 The admittance Y is the reciprocal of impedance, measured
in siemens (S).
1 I
Y= =
Z V

7
Impedance and Admittance
Impedances and admittances of passive elements
Element Impedance Admittance
R 1
Z=R Y=
R
L 1
Z = jL Y=
jL
C 1
Z = Y = jC
j C

8
Impedance and Admittance
 = 0; Z = 0

Z = jL
 → ; Z → 

 = 0; Z → 
1
Z=
j C  → ; Z = 0

9
Example

Determine v(t) and i(t).

vs = 5 cos(10t )

Answers: i(t) = 1.118cos(10t – 26.56o) A;


v(t) = 2.236cos(10t + 63.43o)V

10
Impedance Combinations

11
12
Star- delta transformations

13
 A delta or wye circuit is said to be balanced if it has equal
impedances in all three branches.
 When a Δ -Y circuit is balanced,

14
Impedance Combinations

Example

Determine the input impedance of the circuit at ω =10 rad/s.

Answer: Zin = 32.38 – j73.76

15

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