Scribd
Upload
11 views

Motion in A Straight Line

Uploaded by

story.of.fate12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Motion in A Straight Line

Uploaded by

story.of.fate12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Motion in a straight line

Important formulas and concepts directly from the NCERT-


➢ Study of motions along a straight line is known as ‘Rectilinear motion’.

➢ In kinematics, we study ways to describe motion without going into the causes of
motion.

➢ ‘Frame of reference’ is a place from where we take observation.

❖ Position, path length and displacement-

➢ Location of object from frame of reference is k/as its ‘position’.

➢ Motion is change in position of an object with time.

➢ Rest and motion are relative terms, a body can be in rest or motion with respect to
frame of reference.

➢ Distance is the total path length covered by an object and displacement is the shortest
distance b/w any two points.

➢ Difference b/w distance and displacement-

Distance Displacement

1) Property of moving object. 1) Shift in position.


2) Always positive, can’t be negative. 2) Can be positive, negative or zero.
3) Always added. 3) It is net shift in position (not always
4) It can’t increase with time. added)
5) Scalar quantity. 4) It can increase with time.
6) Only magnitude. 5) Vector quantity(direction from initial
to final position)
6) Both magnitude and direction.

➢ The magnitude of displacement may or may not be equal to the path length
traversed by an object.

➢ The magnitude of displacement may be zero but distance can’t be zero.


❖ Average speed and average velocity-

➢ Average velocity is the change in position or displacement divided by the time.


v = Δx/Δt

➢ SI unit of velocity is m/s. (km/h also used in many applications)

➢ Average speed is the total path length travelled divided by the total time.
v = total path length/total time interval

➢ average speed doesn’t tell us in which direction an object is moving.

➢ Average speed is also always positive.

➢ Average velocity can be positive or negative.

➢ If the motion of an object is along a straight line and in the same direction, the
magnitude of displacement is equal to the total path length. And magnitude of
average velocity is equal to the average speed.

➢ Average speed is greater than or equal to the average velocity.

➢ Speed is in general , greater than the magnitude of velocity(because path length is


greater than magnitude of displacement)

❖ Instantaneous velocity and speed-

➢ Velocity at any instant of time is known as instantaneous velocity.


It is rate of change in position.

v = dx/dt

➢ For uniform motion, velocity is the same as the average velocity at all instants.

➢ Instantaneous speed or simply speed is equal to the magnitude of velocity.

➢ Velocity is the slope of tangent to the displacement-time curve/graph.

❖ Acceleration-

➢ Rate of change of velocity with time.


➢ Average acceleration = Δv/Δt

➢ SI unit = m/s2

➢ Instantaneous acceleration = dv/dt

➢ Acceleration is the slope of tangent to the velocity-time curve.

➢ Area under velocity-time curve represents the displacement and area under
acceleration-time curve represents the velocity.

❖ Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion-

1) ʋ = ʋo + at

2) x = ʋot + ½ at2

3) ʋ2 = ʋo2 + 2ax

❖ relative velocity-

➢ velocity of object A relative to object B,

ʋAB = ʋA - ʋB

➢ if two bodies are in same direction then, for relative velocity , individual velocities
are subtracted.
if two bodies are in opposite direction then, for relative velocity , individual
velocities are added.
important points from NCERT summary-

➢ an object is said to be in uniform motion in a straight line if its displacement is


equal in equal intervals of time. Otherwise, motion is said to be non-uniform.

You might also like