Microprocessor 2.
0
playlist for
Diploma 80
86
Lec - 4th
CHAPTER - 1ST ( PART 3 )
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What is Micro Processor
Macro / Micro / Miniature Processor
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Chapter 1 : 8086 16 Bit Microprocessor
8086 features
8086 architecture
Concept of pipelining
Register organization
8086 Memory segmentation
Pin description of 8086
Today’s session :
8086 Memory Segmentation
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Segmentation in 8086
Segmentation is the process in which the main memory of
the computer is logically divided into different segments
and each segment has its own base address.
It is basically used to enhance the speed of execution of
the computer system, so that the processor is able to
fetch and execute the data from the memory easily and
fast.
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How segmentation enhances the performance of 8086 ?
Increased Addressable Memory:
By using different segment registers, a program can access different segments of memory without
changing the entire address. This can lead to more efficient memory usage.
Code and Data Separation:
Segmentation allows the separation of code and data segments, which can be advantageous for
organizing programs. This separation can lead to better code readability and maintenance.
Flexibility in Memory Access:
Segmentation allows for more flexible memory access patterns. It enables the use of various addressing
modes, including near and far addressing modes, providing flexibility for different programming scenarios.
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Segments -: Code Segment
Purpose:
The CS segment is primarily used to store the starting address of the code
(instructions) that the CPU is currently executing.
Segment Register:
CS (Code Segment)
Typical Usage:
CS is involved in fetching instructions for execution. The CS register is
automatically updated during a far jump or call instruction.
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Segments -: Data Segment
Purpose:
The DS segment holds the starting address of the segment where the
program's data is stored. It is used for accessing variables and constants used
by the program.
Segment Register:
DS (Data Segment)
Typical Usage:
Most data manipulation instructions use the DS register implicitly or explicitly
to access data in memory.
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Segments -: Stack Segment
Purpose:
The SS segment points to the segment where the stack is located. The stack is
used for storing local variables, return addresses, and other temporary data.
Segment Register:
SS (Stack Segment)
Typical Usage:
The SS register is commonly used in conjunction with the SP (Stack Pointer)
register to manage the stack during subroutine calls and interrupts.
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Segments -: Extra Segment
Purpose:
The ES segment is an additional segment register that can be used for various
purposes, such as accessing extra data or facilitating certain string operations.
Segment Register:
ES (Extra Segment)
Typical Usage:
Certain string operations, like MOVS (move string), make use of the ES register
to specify an additional source or destination segment.
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Rules for Segmentation
The starting address of a segment should be such that it can be
evenly divided by 16.
Minimum size of a segment can be 16 bytes and the maximum
can be 64 kB.
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Thank You .
see you in next lecture . . .
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