Cultural Inglesa de Banfield

Final Exam
Upper-intermediate B
Name:…………………………………………… Date:…………………………….

1 Read the article. For questions 1–5, choose the correct answer
(A, B, C, or D).

Pet sounds
There have been many scientific studies related to how the human brain
responds to music. But what about animals? Do they respond, and if so, are
there any similarities between animals and humans? Studies have come up
with a few interesting results.

In one study in the US, researchers monitored the effect of music on the
behaviour of dogs. They played different types of music to the dogs, including
classical and heavy metal. They also observed their behaviour when no music
was playing. The study found several similarities between dogs and humans
when they heard music. For example, classical music seemed to reduce
stress and promote sleep, and heavy metal music increased anxiety and
caused restlessness. Interestingly, a similar study in Scotland concluded that
dogs prefer soft rock and reggae music. Perhaps it’s just a matter of taste!

Cats, on the other hand, are fairly indifferent to human music of all types. In
2015, a team of psychologists and musicians in the US developed a specific
type of music which contained frequencies and rhythms similar to the ones
that cats use for communication. When the team played examples of both
classical music and ‘cat’ music, the cats ignored the ‘human’ music. However,
they responded physically to the specially developed cat music by going
close to the speakers and rubbing themselves against them.

In terms of physical reactions to music, humans might tap a beat, nod their
head, or dance, but so do birds. To explore this, researchers at Harvard
University in the US used an unconventional source for their studies –
YouTube videos. They analyzed videos of Snowball, a type of parrot, moving
to music, and found that he could follow the beat of a song even when it was
slowed down or sped up. The common factor between parrots and humans is
that they can imitate sound and move in time to a beat. This suggested that
there is a connection between the brain mechanisms required for dance and
sound imitation.

But parrots aren’t the only birds that respond to music. The UK’s traditional
Christmas dinner bird – the turkey – doesn’t move to a beat but it does enjoy
music. Organic farm worker Elin Williams plays her guitar to the turkeys on
the organic farm where she works. The main aim on the farm is to create an
environment which is as stress-free as possible, but unfortunately as it is

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 located beside a main road, the birds are often disturbed by loud traffic. To
combat this, the staff started playing classical music on the radio to the
turkeys overnight. The birds responded well to it so the staff put the radio on
during the day too. Then Elin’s boss suggested she play her guitar to them.
She thought he was joking, but as soon as she started playing, the turkeys
crowded around to listen and started pecking on the guitar strings with their
beaks. Now she regularly plays pop and Welsh folk songs, and her boss
thinks the turkeys are happier and more relaxed as a result.

The benefits of playing music to farm animals isn’t limited to de-stressing

turkeys either. The dairy industry is starting to take notice of some interesting
results from trials which involve playing music to cows. In a recent study,
different genres of music were played to a herd of around a thousand cows.
The music was organized by speed: slow (under 100 beats per minute),
including pop and classical music such as Beethoven, and fast (over 120
beats per minute), including soft rock and faster pop tunes. The cows seemed
to prefer the slower, more relaxing music as it resulted in an increase of over
3% in their milk production. That translates to approximately 0.73 litres more
milk per cow a day – a significant increase in profit for the farmers, and
happier cows too!

1 A study revealed that Scottish dogs feel more relaxed when they listen to …
A heavy metal.
B classical music.
C reggae.
D pop.

2 How did the cats in the study respond to music?

A They ignored all types of music.
B They had a strong physical response to human music.
C They only enjoyed the classical music.
D They only responded to the music that is similar to cat communication.

3 A Harvard study found that parrot …

A can memorize musical sequences.
B don’t enjoy human music.
C are able to move in time to a beat.
D can accurately mimic the sounds of music.

4 Elin plays her guitar to turkeys on an organic farm ...

A because they appear to enjoy it.
B to disguise the sound of nearby traffic.
C because they didn’t like the radio music.
D for her own entertainment.

5 What effect does slow music have on dairy cows?

A They become stressed.
B They produce more milk.
C They sleep more.
D They don’t respond to it at all.

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 GRAMMAR

1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Example: We ’ve lived (live) next door to the Parkers for 20 years.
1 I wanted to meet Anja, but she ________ (already leave) when I got to the
barbecue.
2 I immediately regretted ________ (send) the text.
3 They ________ (practise) the dance for months, so the performance should go
well tonight.
4 I wish we ________ (not buy) that car. It’s been nothing but trouble!
5 I’ll bring something to eat in case we ________ (get) hungry.
6 You shouldn’t ________ (spend) so long in the sun yesterday – you’ve got
sunburn.
7 I think I’d have got the job if I ________ (not ask) that stupid question.
8 I think I ________ (learn) enough Japanese by the time I go to Japan.
9 Call an ambulance! Mrs Patel’s foot ________ (run over) by a taxi!
10 I’ll let you know your exam results as soon as I ________ (discuss) them with
your tutor.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct word(s).

Example: Who painted this picture? I love it!
Who painted Who did paint Who paint

1 ________ are becoming an increasingly large proportion of many societies.

Elderly The elderly The elderly people
2 I really like my neighbour’s cat, but generally I prefer ________ dogs.
some the (–)
3 I just love ________ in this holiday house!
the furnitures the furniture a furniture
4 ________ the very steep climb up the last hill, we all really enjoyed the walk.
Although In spite Despite
5 Does anyone know where ________?
lives Sofia Sofia lives does Sofia live
6 That’s a _______ chair – where did you get it?
little lovely wooden lovely little wooden lovely wooden little
7 I ________ when I’m cleaning my flat.
play music often play often music often play music
8 ________ of our team played well today – that’s why we lost.
Neither None Some
9 We played the music quietly ________ wake the children.
to not not to so as not to
10 Our eldest daughter is at ________ university. She’s studying Genetics.
the a (–)

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 WRITING

Write an article for one of the following. Write 140–180 words.

1 Write a blog post about your favourite music, film, or TV show.
2 Describe an invention or piece of technology you think is clever and explain why.
3 What do you like and dislike about using social media?

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