Machine learning is a growing technology which

enables computers to learn automatically from past

data.

Machine learning uses various algorithms for building

mathematical models and making predictions
using historical data or information.

Currently, it is being used for various tasks such

as image recognition, speech recognition, email
filtering, Facebook auto-tagging, recommender
system, and many more.

Jagendra Singh
 In the real world, we are surrounded by humans who can learn
everything from their experiences with their learning capability, and
we have computers or machines which work on our instructions.
What is
But can a machine also learn from experiences or past data like a
Machine human does? So here comes the role of Machine Learning.

Learning Machine Learning is said as a subset of artificial intelligence that is

mainly concerned with the development of algorithms which allow a
computer to learn from the data and past experiences on their own.
What is
Machine
Learning
 The term machine learning was first introduced by Arthur
Samuel in 1959. We can define it in a summarized way as:

Machine learning enables a machine to automatically learn from data,

What is
improve performance from experiences, and predict things

With the help of sample historical data, which is known as training data,
Machine machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model that helps in
making predictions or decisions

Learning Machine learning brings computer science and statistics together for
creating predictive models.

Machine learning constructs or uses the algorithms that learn from

historical data.
How does Machine Learning work
A Machine Learning system learns from The accuracy of predicted output depends upon the
historical data, builds the prediction models, amount of data, as the huge amount of data helps to
and whenever it receives new data, predicts build a better model which predicts the output more
the output for it. accurately.

Suppose we have a complex problem, where we need

to perform some predictions, so instead of writing a
Machine learning has changed our way of thinking
code for it, we just need to feed the data to generic
about the problem. The below block diagram explains
algorithms, and with the help of these algorithms,
the working of Machine Learning algorithm:
machine builds the logic as per the data and predict
the output.
How does Machine Learning work
 Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in a given
dataset.

Features of It can learn from past data and improve automatically.

Machine
It is a data-driven technology.
Learning
Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it also deals
with the huge amount of the data.
 The need for machine learning is increasing day by day. The reason behind the need for
machine learning is that it is capable of doing tasks that are too complex for a person to
implement directly.

As a human, we have some limitations as we cannot access the huge amount of data
Need for manually, so for this, we need some computer systems and here comes the machine
learning to make things easy for us.
Machine We can train machine learning algorithms by providing them the huge amount of data and

Learning let them explore the data, construct the models, and predict the required output
automatically.

The performance of the machine learning algorithm depends on the amount of data, and it
can be determined by the cost function. With the help of machine learning, we can save
both time and money.
 The importance of machine learning can be easily
understood by its uses cases, Currently, machine learning
is used in self-driving cars, cyber fraud detection, face
Need for recognition, and friend suggestion by Facebook, etc.
Machine
Various top companies such as Netflix and Amazon have
Learning build machine learning models that are using a vast
amount of data to analyze the user interest and
recommend product accordingly.
some key points which show the importance of Machine
Learning

Solving complex problems, which are

Rapid increment in the production of data
difficult for a human

Decision making in various sector including Finding hidden patterns and extracting
finance useful information from data.
Classification of Machine Learning
At a broad level, •Supervised learning
machine learning
can be classified
•Unsupervised learning
into three types: •Reinforcement learning
Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning method in which we provide sample labeled data to the
machine learning system in order to train it, and on that basis, it predicts the output.

The system creates a model using labeled data to understand the datasets and learn about each data, once the training and
processing are done then we test the model by providing a sample data to check whether it is predicting the exact output
or not.

The goal of supervised learning is to map input data with the output data.
 The supervised learning is based on supervision, and it is the same as
when a student learns things in the supervision of the teacher. The
example of supervised learning is spam filtering.

Supervised learning can be grouped further in two categories of algorithms:

Supervised
Learning Classification

Regression
Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a machine learns without any supervision.

The training is provided to the machine with the set of data that has not been labeled, classified, or categorized, and
the algorithm needs to act on that data without any supervision.

The goal of unsupervised learning is to restructure the input data into new features or a group of objects with similar
patterns.
Unsupervised Learning
In unsupervised learning, we don't have a
predetermined result. The machine tries to It can be further classifieds into two
find useful insights from the huge amount categories of algorithms:
of data.

Clustering Association
 Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based The agent learns automatically with these
learning method, in which a learning agent feedbacks and improves its performance. In
gets a reward for each right action and gets reinforcement learning, the agent interacts
a penalty for each wrong action. with the environment and explores it.

The goal of an agent is to get the most The robotic dog, which automatically learns
reward points, and hence, it improves its the movement of his arms, is an example of
performance. Reinforcement learning.
 Before some years (about 40-50 years), machine learning was
science fiction, but today it is the part of our daily life.

History of
Machine learning is making our day to day life easy from self-
Machine driving cars to Amazon virtual assistant "Alexa".
Learning
However, the idea behind machine learning is so old and has a long
history. Below some milestones are given which have occurred in
the history of machine learning:
History of
Machine
Learning
The early history of Machine Learning (Pre-1940)
In 1834, Charles Babbage, the father of the computer, conceived a
device that could be programmed with punch cards. However, the
machine was never built, but all modern computers rely on its logical
structure.

1834

1936
In 1936, Alan Turing gave a theory that
how a machine can determine and
execute a set of instructions.
 The era of stored program computers
In 1940, the first manually operated computer, "ENIAC" was invented,
which was the first electronic general-purpose computer. After that stored
program computer such as EDSAC in 1949 and EDVAC in 1951 were
invented.
1940

1943

In 1943, a human neural network was modeled with an electrical circuit.

In 1950, the scientists started applying their idea to work and analyzed
how human neurons might work.
Computer machinery and intelligence
o 1950: In 1950, Alan Turing published a seminal paper,
"Computer Machinery and Intelligence," on the topic of
artificial intelligence. In his paper, he asked, "Can
machines think?"
Machine intelligence in Games

1952: Arthur Samuel, who was the pioneer of machine learning, created a program that helped an IBM computer to
play a checkers game. It performed better more it played.

1959: In 1959, the term "Machine Learning" was first coined by Arthur Samuel.
 The duration of 1974 to 1980 was the tough time for AI
and ML researchers, and this duration was called as AI
winter.
The first "AI"
winter In this duration, failure of machine translation occurred,
and people had reduced their interest from AI, which led
to reduced funding by the government to the researches.
Machine Learning from theory to reality
1959: In 1959, the first neural network was applied to a real-world problem to remove echoes over phone lines using
an adaptive filter.

1985: In 1985, Terry Sejnowski and Charles Rosenberg invented a neural network NETtalk, which was able to teach
itself how to correctly pronounce 20,000 words in one week.

1997: The IBM's Deep blue intelligent computer won the chess game against the chess expert Garry Kasparov, and it
became the first computer which had beaten a human chess expert.
 Machine Learning at 21st century
In the year 2006, computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton has given a new name to In 2014, the Chabot "Eugen Goostman" cleared the Turing Test. It was the
neural net research as "deep learning," and nowadays, it has become one of the first Chabot who convinced the 33% of human judges that it was not a
most trending technologies. machine.
2006 2014

2012

In 2012, Google created a deep neural network which learned to recognize the
image of humans and cats in YouTube videos.
Machine Learning at 21st century
DeepFace was a deep neural network created by Facebook, and they In 2017, the Alphabet's Jigsaw team built an intelligent system that was able to
claimed that it could recognize a person with the same precision as a learn the online trolling. It used to read millions of comments of different
human can do. websites to learn to stop online trolling.
2014 2017

2016

AlphaGo beat the world's number second player Lee sedol at Go game.
In 2017 it beat the number one player of this game Ke Jie.
Machine Learning
at present Now machine learning has got a great advancement in its research, and
it is present everywhere around us, such as self-driving cars, Amazon
Alexa, Catboats, recommender system, and many more.

It includes Supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning with

clustering, classification, decision tree, SVM algorithms, etc.

Modern machine learning models can be used for making various

predictions, including weather prediction, disease prediction, stock
market analysis, etc.
Thank you