Technology for Teaching and Learning b.

Education Technology includes digital

LET Reviewer Notes materials.
c. Education Technology refers to the use of
digital tools in teaching and learning.
Drills: d. Educational Technology includes both the
traditional and electronic based materials.
1. All teachers in the 21st century should be ____.
a. digital citizens 7. This refers to an online journal where posted
b. digital natives information from both teachers and students are
c. digital immigrants arranged. What is THIS?
d. digital police a. Web journal
b. Blog
2. Mr. Reyes utilizes technology tools in creating c. Website
communities of practice, he also tries to d. Web-quest
collaborate with his peers and colleagues in
support of professional learning. What domain 8. Which of the following learning outcomes defines
does he adhere to? Domain 5: Organization and Administration?
a. Domain 2: Curriculum Assessment a. Shows a positive attitude towards the use
b. Domain 4: Technology Tools of technology tools.
c. Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning b. Exhibit leadership in shared
d. Domain 8: Technology Utilization decision-making using technology tools.
c. All of the above
3. Ms. Dela Cruz tries to apply appropriate d. None of the above
technology tools in her activities for their English
class. She corresponds to what ICT competency 9. This connects millions of computers globally,
standard? forming a network which can communicate with
a. Domain 1: Understanding ICT in other computer. What is THIS?
Education A. Messenger
b. Domain 2: Curriculum Assessment B. Internet
c. Domain 3: Pedagogy C. Browser
d. Domain 4: Technology Tools D. Multimedia

4. Microsoft Office programs like word processing,

grade and record keeping, and creating ICT Competency Standards (CHED-UNESCO) as provided
presentations are generally described as what in the 2017 Policy, Standards, and Guidelines for
specific tool in educational technology? Pre-Service Teacher Education.
a. Presentation Tools
b. Productivity Tools The program outcomes for teacher education degrees
c. Creating Tools clearly state that every future teacher: demonstrate
d. Teaching Tools proficiency in the development and utilization of
Information Communication and Technology resources in
5. This refers to a video or audio multimedia clip promoting quality teaching-learning process.
about a topic in the format of a radio talk show.
This aims to retrieve and disseminate information.
What is THIS?
a. Podcast
b. Vlog
c. Blog
d. Talk show

6. Which among the following definitions below best

defines the nature of Educational Technology?
a. Educational Technology refers to the use
of technology in teaching and learning.
ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) Educational Technology
established standards for both teachers and students. This is ● A field dedicated to the theory and practice of
the basis of the development of the Philippine ICT design, development, utilization, management, and
Competency. evaluation of process and resources for learning.

Technology Integration
ISTE STANDARDS FOR TEACHERS
● It is the process of determining where and how
Technology Operations Demonstrates understanding technology fits into teaching and learning.
and Concepts of Technology

Planning and Designing Utilize the use of technology to plan

Learning Environment effective learning environment TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION VS
and Experiences TECHNOLOGY OF EDUCATION
Teaching, Learning, and Include strategies for applying
Curriculum technology Technology in Education

Assessment and Apply technology to facilitate a variety ● Technology in Education is concerned with the
Evaluation of effective assessment
equipment, preparation and integration with
Productivity and Engage in on-going professional traditional teacher-centered activities.
Professional Practice development
● Technology Education is the most simply and
Social, Ethical, Legal, Understand the use of technology in
and Human Issues support to learning
comfortably defines as an array of tools that may
prove helpful in advancing student learning and may
be measured in how and why individuals behave.
ISTE STANDARDS FOR STUDENTS
● Technology in Education is the “application of
Creativity and Produce students who demonstrate technology to any of the processes involved in
Innovation innovation and creativity
operating the institutions which house the
Communication and Use digital media to communicate and educational enterprise”. It includes the application of
Collaboration collaborate technology to food, health, finance, scheduling,
grade, reporting and other processes which support
Research and Apply digital tools to gather, evaluate,
Information Fluency and use information
education within institutions

Critical Thinking, Use critical thinking to plan and Technology of Education

Problem Solving, and conduct research
Decision Making
● Technology of Education deals with the active use of
Digital Citizenship Students become digital citizens mass media and computer science for the individual
with right behavior pupils learning process under the teacher’s
supervision. This is more scientific, more
Technology Demonstrates understanding of
psychological and more pedagogical than
Operations and Technology
Concepts technology in education.

WHY USE TECHNOLOGY?

Department of Education issued DepEd Order 42, s. 2017
mandating the use of Philippine Professional Standard for
Almost all people from different sectors of society
Teachers (PPST) to start with the beginning teachers who are
offer a number of different reasons to justify the use of
fresh graduates from the teacher education program. The
technology for teaching and learning. Following are four (4)
document includes:
of the most frequent reasons given for using technology;
Show skills in the positive use of ICT to facilitate teaching
- To improve access to education and training
and learning and show skills in the selection, development
- To improve the quality of learning
and use of the variety of teaching and learning resources
- To reduce the cost of education; and
including the ICT to address learning goals.
- To improve the cost-effectiveness of education
 FIVE DOMAINS OF EDUCATIONAL ● Technology as tools to support knowledge
TECHNOLOGY construction.
● Technology as information vehicles for exploring
knowledge to support learning- by-constructing.
Domains Description
● Technology as context to support learning by
Design It is the planning phase of educational
doing.
technology

Development It is the process of producing learning ● Technology as a social medium to support

materials from a detailed plan (design). learning by conversing.

Utilization It is the actual use of knowledge and ● Technology as intellectual partner (Jonassen
the skills and usually includes the 1996) to support learning-by-reflecting.
practical application of information or
procedures on a regular basis. It is the
action phase.

Evaluation It is a dynamic process switch that

allows people to obtain and judge the INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODELS
worth of data about how students learn
specific content information under
varying instructional conditions. (1) TPACK MODEL — as a Framework for
Technology-Driven Teaching and Learning
Management It is the linchpin which binds all the
domains of educational technology PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK)
together. BY SHULMAN (2008)

- is a framework which involves teachers’ competence

in delivering concepts being taught by simplifying
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY complex one’s if needed or leading students to study
IN LEARNING a concept more deeply and extensively.

TECHNOLOGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT

Traditional
KNOWLEDGE (TPACK)
➢ old, classic, customary.
BY MISHRA AND KOEHLER (2006)
Traditional role:
- is a framework that combines and shows the
🡪 As delivery vehicle for instructional lessons.
interconnectedness of the teacher’s three
knowledge areas:
Traditional way:
● Technological Knowledge
🡪 Technology serves as a teacher.
● Content Knowledge
● Pedagogical Knowledge
Constructivist
➢ new
- Purposes:
● Making teaching more engaging, relevant,
Constructivist role:
and effective
🡪 Partners in the learning process.
● Increase students’ motivation
● Make content more accessibly engaging to
Constructivist way:
the students
🡪 Technology is a learning tool to learn with not
from.
- A theoretical model describing the capability of the
21st century teacher
From a constructivist perspective, the following are roles
of technology in learning; (Jonassen, et al 1999).
TEACHERS’ THREE KNOWLEDGE AREAS: ● A — Augmentation
– functional improvement in the use of technology
01. Content Knowledge (CK) tools.
- “What?” – understanding of the content
- Composed of theories, facts, concepts, or ● M — Modification
principles. – technology is used to redesign a lesson.

02. Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) ● R — Redefinition

- ‘How?’ – science of teaching – idea of creating something from the regular item
- From educational and learning theories to – transformation of learning (Puentedra)
individual differences to strategies and
techniques as well as assessment of
learning

03. Technological Knowledge (TK)

- How to select, use, and integrate
technological tools in teaching and learning
context.
- Quality of content that students access
through appropriate applications and sites

INTERSECTIONS OF THE TEACHERS’ THREE

KNOWLEDGE AREAS:

Drills:

1. What does TK stand for in TPACK?

a. Technology Knowledge
b. Teacher Knowledge
c. Technological Knowledge
d. Time-tested Knowledge

2. The following elements are present in Bloom’s Revised

Taxonomy. Which is an EXCEPTION?
a. Evaluate
b. Creating
c. Remembering
d. Synthesis

(2) SAMR MODEL — By Ruben Puentedura 3. This is an understanding of the way in which technology
and content affect and restrict one another. Moreover,
- It supports and enables teachers to design, develop, teachers need to figure out the appropriation of the usage of
and infuse, digital learning experiences that utilize technologies in the delivery of the subject matter, and to
technology. ensure the better understanding of the lesson. What content
of Tech-PACK is described on the statement?
● S — Substitution a. Technological Content Knowledge
– using technology as an alternate for the regular b. Pedagogical Content Knowledge
item that is employed in augmenting or assisting c. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
instruction. d. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge
4. This is an understanding of how teaching and learning can - General characteristics
change when certain ICT are used in specific methods. - Entry competencies
Furthermore, Teachers have to look beyond the normal - Learning styles
functions of technology; they have to be creative in
identifying ways to integrate the use of technologies in order (Preparation Prior to INstruction)
to achieve advancement in the learning and understanding ● State objectives
of students. What content of Tech-PACK is described on the — What do students need to learn?
statement? - Learning outcomes assessment
a. Technological Content Knowledge - Course rubrics (Skills/Concept;
b. Pedagogical Content Knowledge Proficiency/Accuracy;
c. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Conditions of performance)
d. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge
(Instruction Begins)
5. This covers the conditions that promote learning. ● Select methods, media, materials
Teachers need to address and align subject matter to the — What do instructors need to use for face to face,
selection of ways and methods in accomplishing set hybrid and online teaching?
objectives of the lesson. What content of Tech-PACK is - Select instructional materials
described on the statement? - Produce new materials
a. Technological Content Knowledge - Repurpose existing materials
b. Pedagogical Content Knowledge
c. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge ● Utilize media, materials
d. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge — How do instructors use the materials?
- Preview materials
4. This is an understanding of how teaching and learning can - Prepare environment
change when certain ICT are used in specific methods. - Provide instruction
Furthermore, Teachers have to look beyond the normal
functions of technology; they have to be creative in (During Instruction)
identifying ways to integrate the use of technologies in order ● Require learner participation
to achieve advancement in the learning and understanding — students will actively engage in:
of students. What content of Tech-PACK is described on the - Discussion
statement? - Small group activities
a. Technological Content Knowledge - Formative assessment
b. Pedagogical Content Knowledge
c. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (End of Semester)
d. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge ● Evaluate and Revise
— what works? What doesn’t?
— Summative evaluation of:
(3) THE ASSURE MODEL - Instructional delivery
● A — Analyze learner characteristics - Media and materials
● S — State objectives — Revise to improve student outcomes.
● S — Select, Modify, or Design Materials
● U — Utilize materials
● R — Require learner response Drills:
● E — Evaluation 1. Which sentence states the correct idea about
ASSURE?
What is ASSURE Model? a. ASSURE is a guide indicating the specific steps to
- This is a guide in crafting an instructional flow that be followed when writing a lesson plan.
can guide the teacher in integrating appropriate b. ASSURE model ensures effective technology
technology and media into instructional process. integration
c. ASSURE clearly states the relevance of TPACK in
(Before the Semester) instruction.
● Analyze learners d. ASSURE is a framework containing the elements
— Who is the audience? when planning a lesson.
- Demographics (Pedagogy, Andragogy)
2. In selecting media or materials to be used in teaching a Overview of TIP Model
lesson, the first element to be considered is _____. - The TIP model gives teachers a general approach to
a. The learner addressing challenges involved in integrating
b. The objective technology into teaching.
c. The subject matter
d. The evaluation - The TIP model serves as a helpful guide on
procedures and to address issues for new teachers
3. Based on the ASSURE model, which of the following and those just beginning to integrate technology into
statements is CORRECT? their classroom.
a. Evaluating student performance can take place
across phases of the lesson
b. The teacher has to design the lesson based on the 5 Phases of TIP Model:
digital tools that work
c. Once the learning outcomes or the objectives have 1. Determining relative advantage
been determined, the use of the method, media and — Why should I use a technology-based method?
materials comes next
d. Student engagement is an important element and 2. Decide on objectives and assessments,
selecting the appropriate way of delivering the — How will I know students have learned?
lesson will direct the instruction.
3. Design integration strategies,
— What teaching strategies and activities will work
best?
(4) TIP MODEL DIAGRAM
4. Prepare the instructional environment,
— Are essential conditions in place to support
technology integration?

5. Evaluate and revise integration strategies

— What worked well? What could be improved?

(5) EDGAR DALE’S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

“The cone is a visual analogy, and like all analogies, it does
not bear an exact and detailed relationship to the complex
elements it represents.” — Edgar Dale
Direct and Purposeful Experience ● Helpful to students who cannot deal with the motion
● Direct, first hand experience or pace of a real event or television.
● Have a direct participation in the outcome
● Use of all our senses Visual Symbols
● No longer involves reproducing real situations
Contrived Experience ● Chalkboard and overhead projector the most widely
● Models and mock-ups used media\
● “Editing of reality” ● Help students see an idea, event, or process.
● Necessary when real experience cannot be used or
are too complicated Verbal symbols
● Written words — more abstract
Dramatized Experience ● Spoken words — less abstract
● Reconstructed experiences
● Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its most The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a
important parts pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged
● Divided into two categories: according to degree of abstraction and not degree of
- Acting: actual participation (more concrete) difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone, the
- Observing: watching a dramatization take more abstract the experience becomes.
place (more abstract)
In addition, Brunner’s three-tiered model of learning
Demonstration points out that every area of knowledge can be presented
● Visualized explanation of an important fact, ideas, or and learned in three distinct steps.
process. ● Enactive — series of action
● Shows how certain things are done. ● Iconic — a series of illustrations
● Symbolic –– a series of symbols
Field Trips
● Watch people do things in real situations
● Observe an event that is unavailable in the
classroom.

Exhibits
● Something seen by a spectator
2 Types:
- Ready made
- Home made

Educational Television and Motion Pictures

Gagne’s Hierarchy of Learning
● Television
● Problem solving
- Bring immediate interaction with events from
● Rule learning
around the world.
● Concept learning
- Edit an event to create clearer
● Discrimination learning
understanding than if experienced actual
● Verbal association
event first hand
● Chaining
● Motion Picture
● Stimulus response
- Can omit unnecessary or unimportant
● Signal learning
material
- Used to slow down a fast process
- Viewing, seeing and hearing experience
- Can recreate event with simplistic drama
that even slower students can grasp.

Recordings, Radio, and Still Pictures

● Can often be understood by those who cannot read
 PRINCIPLES IN THE SELECTION, Simplicity They must be simple but inspiring for the
DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF learners and should not confuse them.
They must be simple but show creativity.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
Assessment The purpose of evaluating the technology
is needed for further revisions and
PRINCIPLE MEANING improvements.

Purpose They must be focused on helping learners

to motivate them in the learning process.

Appropriateness They should be appropriate to the level

intended in terms of:
1. Vocabulary level
2. Difficulty of concepts TEN COMMANDMENTS
3. Methods of development in Creating Learning/Presentation Materials
4. Interest

Meaningfulness They must contain purposive activities. ● Don’t overcrowd.

They must contribute to the growth & ● Be consistent in format, layout and conventions.
development of learners. ● Use appropriate typefaces and point uses.
● Use bold and italics for emphasis, but don’t overuse
Breadth They should encompass all round
development of varying group of learners. them.
● Use titles, headings, and subheadings to clarify
Responsiveness They must be responsive to the needs and guide.
demands of the society.
● Use numbers to direct through sequences.
Authenticity They must present accurate up to date ● Use graphics and illustrations to reinforce ideas.
dependable information. ● Use symbols and icons as identifying markers.
● Use color/audio/music to stimulate but not to
Spatial contiguity Corresponding words and pictures must
overpower, the senses.
be presented near rather than far from
each other. ● Produce the materials with technical excellence –
good quality, good audio, clear,etc.
Split-Attention Words should be presented as auditory
narration rather than as visual on-screen
text.

Usefulness/Utility Audio-visual aid must be useful to a

particular teacher as he/she works for a FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF
particular group of learners. They must
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
help the teacher to deliver the subject
matter in a better way as well as helping
the learners to learn the subject matter. 1. Human Factors

Communication They must relay information clearly and

A. Learner factors
effectiveness effectively.
— refers to learner differences that can influence
Interest They should catch the interest of the media - choice.
users, stimulate curiosity or satisfy the
need to know and encourage creativity a) Individual differences
and imaginative response among users.
Research suggests that learners differ in:
Cost The cost per student of media - their preference for learning: by
effectiveness presentation diminishes as the number of observing (visual learners) or by
students using it increases. listening (aural learners)
They must be presented at the right time
- their perception of a given message:
Presentation
and at the right way. a factor of past experience, and
often a cultural difference exists
Portability They must be handy for the teachers and - their understanding of the
(Handy) students to handle them well.
conventions used by various media:
Correct facts of information must be in the
lan- guage & technical drawings
Correctness
materials for a better learning process. used
 b) Attention span
— Factors that affect how long a leamer can
attend to one age, interest and learners'
motivation type of task

c) Number of Learners
— Select media that are well suited to the
group size you have or, if this is difficult,
modify the group or structure to media you
have. d) Physical disabilities of learners
(poor vision, hearing, dyslexia, color
blindness, etc).

B. Teacher factors
— refers to those factors that affect the success of
media implementation.

2. Instructional Method
- The method of instruction dictates or limits our
choice of presentation media.
- Is it self-regulated learning method or
lecture/expository?

3. Practical Constraints
- Administrative and economic constraints both limit
the choice of methods and media
1) Objectives UNDERSTANDING MULTIMEDIA AND
2) Availability HYPERMEDIA
3) Time
4) Resources Multimedia
— an audiovisual package that includes more than one
instructional media (means knowing), such as text, graphics,
audio animation, and video clip. According to Moore, It
INTEGRATION OF CONVENTIONAL simple means “multiple media or combination of media
combined in a product whose purpose is to communicate
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
information.

Hypermedia
— is multimedia packaged as an educational computer
software, where information is presented and student
activities are integrated in a virtual learning environment.
ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS FOR TECHNOLOGY
INTEGRATION IN THE CLASSROOM

For technology to have the desired impact on improved

teaching and learning, several conditions must be in place:

● Shared vision for technology integration

— This requires coordinated school and district
planning with teachers and other personnel at all
levels, budget- ing yearly amounts for technology
purchases with incremental funding, emphasizing
teacher training, matching technology to curriculum
needs,. and keeping current and building in flexibility.

● Standards and curriculum support

— Technology and content- area standards are
designed to support each other.

● Required policies
— Policies are in place to ensure legal/ethical use,
safe, Internet use, and equity.

● Access to hardware, software and other

resources
— There is adequate funding, purchasing
procedures are organized and effective, and
procedures are in place to set up and maintain
technology resources.

● Trained personnel
— Staff development that includes hands-on,
integration emphasis, training over time; modeling,
mentoring and coaching; and post training-access to
technology resources.

● Technical assistance
— Continuing support for diagnostic and
maintenance problems for teachers' and students'
computers.

● Appropriate teaching and assessment

approaches
— Teaching strategies that are matched to needs
and assessment strategies that are matched to the
type of learning being measured.