𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬: (Topic 1.
4) Polynomial Functions and Rates of Change Solutions
𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
A polynomial function is any function representation equivalent to the analytical form:
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎$ 𝑥 $ + 𝑎$%& 𝑥 $%& + 𝑎$%' 𝑥 $%' + ⋯ + 𝑎' 𝑥 ' + 𝑎& 𝑥 + 𝑎# ,
where 𝑛 is a positive integer, 𝑎( is a real number for each 𝑖 from 1 to 𝑛, and 𝑎$ is nonzero.
$
𝑎$ 𝑥
𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦: ________ 𝑛
𝐃𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞: _______ 𝑎$
𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭: ______
𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞: We often think of this as the _________
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝟏: Find the leading coefficient and degree of the following polynomial functions.
of the line.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 ! + 2𝑥 − 7 b) 𝑦 = 12𝑥 − 7𝑥 " + 11 c) 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 = 4𝑥 #
3
Leading Coefficient: _____ −7
Leading Coefficient: _____ 4
Leading Coefficient: _____
Degree: _____
4 Degree: _____
3 Degree: _____
0
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚
2 types of extrema.
The extrema of a graph are the minimums and maximums of a function. There are ____
𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚 (𝐋𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥) 𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚 (𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥)
A polynomial has a relative minimum or relative
Of all local maxima, the greatest is called the absolute
maximum where it switches between decreasing and
maximum. The least of all local minima is called the
increasing (or at an endpoint if the polynomial has a
absolute minimum.
restricted domain) .
−4, 0
Local minimums at 𝑥 = _________________ 2
Absolute maximum = ______at 3
𝑥 = _________
−2,3
Local maximums at 𝑥 = _________________ None
Absolute minimum = ______at 𝑥 = _________
As x increases without bound, the output values decrease
without bound.
𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬: Topic 1.4 Rates of Change: Polynomial Functions Created by Bryan Passwater
Solutions by Ted Gott [email protected]
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝟐: Find and classify each type of extrema for the functions below or write N⁄A .
a)
N/A
Relative Minimum at 𝑥 =_________
1
Relative Maximum at 𝑥 =_________
N/A at 𝑥 =_____
Absolute Minimum =________
3
Absolute Maximum =________ 1
at 𝑥 =_____
b) c)
−2
Relative Minimum at 𝑥 =_________ Relative Minimum at 𝑥 =_________
−3,3
Relative Maximum at 𝑥 =_________
−4, 3 Relative Maximum at 𝑥 =_________
−4,0,5
Absolute Minimum =________
N/A at 𝑥 =_____ Absolute Minimum =________
−3 at 𝑥 =_____
−3
Absolute Maximum =________
2 at 𝑥 =_____
3 4
Absolute Maximum =________ 5
at 𝑥 =_____
𝐅𝐮𝐧 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬
local
1. Between 2 real zeros of a polynomial, there must be at least one ___________ maximum
________________
local
or __________ minimum
_______________.
even
2. Polynomials of ________ global
degree must have either a _____________ maximum
_________________
global
or a _____________ minimum
__________________.
𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬: Topic 1.4 Rates of Change: Polynomial Functions Created by Bryan Passwater
Solutions by Ted Gott [email protected]
𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
A point of inflection occurs when a function changes from concave up to concave down or from concave down to
concave up.
At a point of inflection, the rate of change of a function changes from increasing to decreasing or from decreasing
to increasing.
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝟑: The graph of 𝑔(𝑥) is shown in the figure above. Use the graph of 𝑔 to answer the following.
a) Find any values of 𝑥 where 𝑔 has a point of inflection.
𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 1
b) For each of the following intervals, determine if the rate of change of 𝑔 is increasing or decreasing. Explain
your reasoning for each answer using features of the graph of 𝑔(𝑥).
𝑖. (3, 4) 𝑖𝑖. (−4, −3) 𝑖𝑖𝑖. (−1, 1) 𝑖𝑣. (1, 2)
The rate of change of 𝑔(𝑥) The rate of change of 𝑔(𝑥) The rate of change of 𝑔(𝑥) The rate of change of 𝑔(𝑥)
is increasing because 𝑔(𝑥) is increasing because 𝑔(𝑥) is decreasing because 𝑔(𝑥) is increasing because 𝑔(𝑥)
is concave up and the graph is concave up and the graph is concave down and graph is concave up and the graph
is getting steeper as the is getting less steep as the is getting less steep as the is getting less steep as the
output values are output values are output values are increasing output values are
increasing. decreasing. Negative and getting steeper as the decreasing. Negative
slopes are increasing as the output values are slopes are increasing as the
absolute values are decreasing. Negative absolute values are
decreasing. slopes are decreasing as the decreasing.
absolute values are
increasing.
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝟒: For 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 3, the number of cars in a parking lot at time 𝑡 hours can be modeled by the function
𝐶(𝑡) = −1.37𝑡 ) + 4.218𝑡 ! − 0.357𝑡 ' + 3. Based on this model, at what time 𝑡 does the number of cars in the
parking lot change from increasing to decreasing?
At time 𝑡 = 2.4456 … hours, there is a maximum number of cars in the lot and the number of cars
in the parking lot changes from increasing to decreasing.
𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬: Topic 1.4 Rates of Change: Polynomial Functions Created by Bryan Passwater
Solutions by Ted Gott [email protected]
