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Unsteady Flow Sample Problems

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Esguerra John mark
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127 views

Unsteady Flow Sample Problems

Uploaded by

Esguerra John mark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. A 1.5 m diameter vertical cylindrical tank 3 m high contains 2.5 m of water.

A 100-mm diameter
circular sharp-edged orifice is located at its bottom. Assume C =0.60.
a. How long will it take to lower the water level to 1 m deep after opening the orifice?
b. How long will it take to empty the tank?
Solution:

2A ��h1 − �h2 �
t=
CAo �2g

a. h1 = 2.5 m, h2 = 1 m;
π
2x (1.5)2 x �√2.5 − √1�
t= 4
π
0.60 x (0.1)2 x √2 x 9.81
4

t = 98.399 sec

b. h1 = 2.5 m, h2 = 0 m;
π
2x (1.5)2 x �√2.5 − √0�
t= 4
π
0.60 x (0.1)2 x √2 x 9.81
4

t = 267.721 sec

2. An open cylindrical tank 4 m in diameter and 10 m high contains 6 m of water and 4 m of oil (sg
= 0.8). Find the time to empty the tank through a 100 mm diameter orifice at the bottom. Assume
Cc = 0.9 and Cv = 0.98.

2A ��h1 − �h2 �
t=
CAo �2g

Let
2A
k= ; t = k��h1 − �h2 �
CAo �2g
π
2 x (4)2
k= 4 = 819.0905
π
0.9 x 0.98 x (0.1)2 √2 x 9.81
4
Time to empty the water,
Converting all the liquids into height of water
h1 = 6 + 4(0.8) = 9.2 m
h2 = 4(0.8) = 3.2 m

t1 = 819.0905�√9.2 − √3.2� = 1019.1909 sec


Time to empty the oil (water was removed)
h1 = 4 m
h2 = 0

t 2 = 819.0905�√4 − √0� = 1638.181 sec

t = t1 + t 2 = 1019.1909 + 1638.181 = 2657.3719 sec or 44.2895 min

3. A tank circular in cross-section is 10m high. It takes 10 minutes to empty it through a hole at the
bottom when the tank is full of water at the start.
a. How long will it take to drop the the upper 6m of water.
b. Determine the diameter of the hole given that C = 0.65 and the diameter of the tank is 2 m

a.

2A ��h1 − �h2 �
t=
CAo �2g

Let
2A
k= ; t = k��h1 − �h2 �
CAo �2g

if t = 10 minutes (600 sec) from h1 = 10 m to h2 = 0 m

600 = k�√10 − √0�

k = 189.7367
t =? from h1 = 10 m to h2 =10 - 6 = 4 m

t = 189.7367�√10 − √4�

t = 220.5267 sec or 3.6754 minutes

b.

π
2A 2 x (2)2
k= ; 189.7367 = 4
π
CAo �2g 0.65 x (D)2 √2 x 9.81
4
D =121.0146 mm
4. The figure describes the elevation of the water surface at the short tube serving as an orifice,
A = 0.004 m2, C = 0.6, is closed.
a. What is the initial discharge?
b. b. When will the water surface a. become to the same level following a quick opening
of the tube?
c. When will the water surface be 4m apart?

a. h = 11 – 1 = 10 m (difference between the water level)


𝑄𝑄 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶�2𝑔𝑔ℎ
𝑄𝑄 = 0.6(0.004)√2 𝑥𝑥 9.81
𝑚𝑚3
𝑄𝑄 = 0.03362
𝑠𝑠

b. h1 = 10 m, h2 = 0 m

2MA ��h1 − �h2 �


t=
(M + A)CAo �2g

2𝜋𝜋(42 ) 𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋(2.52 )�√10 − √0�


t=
[(𝜋𝜋)(42 ) + 𝜋𝜋(2.52 )] 𝑥𝑥 0.60(0.004)√2 𝑥𝑥 9.81

t = 8400.1900 sec

a. h1 = 10 m, h2 = 4 m

2𝜋𝜋(42 ) 𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋(2.52 )�√10 − √4�


t=
[(𝜋𝜋)(42 ) + 𝜋𝜋(2.52 )] 𝑥𝑥 0.60(0.004)√2 𝑥𝑥 9.81

t = 3087.4434 sec

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