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Tutorial - Frequency Control in Power Systems

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41 views5 pages

Tutorial - Frequency Control in Power Systems

Uploaded by

Pandara panika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Frequency Control in Power Systems

Questions and Answers

Example 1 [P. Kundur, “Power System Stability and Control”, Mc-Graw Hill Inc]

A small power system consists of 4 identical 500 MVA generating units feeding a total load of 1020 MW.
The inertia constant of each unit is 5.0 on 500 MVA base. The load varies by 1.5% for a 1% change in
frequency. The load drops by 20 MW suddenly.

(a) Determine the inertia constant and the load damping constant expressed on 2000 MVA base.
(b) Calculate the frequency deviation assuming that there is no speed governing system.

Answer

(a) Inertia constant of the equivalent system:

Damping constant on 2000 MVA base for the remaining load of ( ) :

(b) Block diagram representation of the given scenario:

( )

-
( ) + ( )
-

There is no speed governing system in this case, i.e.


Close-loop transfer function:
( )
( )
Reduced block diagram of the system:

( ) ( )

Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 1


⁄
( ) ( )
( ⁄ )

( ) ( )

( )
( )
The load reduces by 20 MW.
⁄
( )

( ) ( )

The steady-state speed deviation in per unit is given below:


( ) ( ) ( )

If the base frequency is 50 Hz,

The frequency change =


New frequency

Example 2 [H. Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill Inc]

An isolated power station has the following parameters.


Turbine time constant,
Governor time constant,
Generator inertia constant,
Governor speed regulation,

The load varies by 0.8 % for a 1% change in frequency.

(a) Determine the range of for stability of the system.


(b) Assume The turbine rated output is 250 MW at nominal frequency of 60 Hz. A
sudden load change of 50 MW occurs.
Calculate the steady-state frequency deviation.

Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 2


Answer

(a) ( )
-

( ) - ( )
+ +
-

Close-loop transfer function between ( ) and ( ):


( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )( )
Characteristic equation:
( )( )( )
Given data:
⁄
Construct the Rouths array:

⁄
( ⁄ )

⁄
For stability;

(b) Close-loop transfer function:

( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )( )

Load change

( )
Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 3
Steady-state frequency deviation
( )

Steady-state frequency deviation,

Example 3 [H. Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill Inc]

A single area consists of two generating units with the following characteristics.

Unit Rating Speed Regulation (pu on unit MVA base)


1 600 MVA 6%
2 500 MVA 4%

The units are operating in parallel, sharing 900 MW at the nominal frequency. Unit 1 supplies 500 MW
and unit 2 supplies 400 MW at 60 Hz. The load is increased by 90 MW.

(a) Assume there is no frequency-dependent load. Find the steady-state frequency deviation and the
new generation on each unit.
(b) The load varies 1.5% for every 1% change in frequency. Find the steady-state frequency deviation
and the new generation on each unit.

Answer

The given speed regulation values are with respect to the individual device bases. Therefore, the data need
to be expressed with respect to a common base. Select a common base of 1000 MVA.

Steady-state frequency deviation:

⁄ ⁄

Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 4


(a)
( )
⁄ ⁄
Frequency deviation ( )
New frequency
Change in generation of Unit 1 and Unit 2:
( )

( )
New load of each Unit 1 and Unit 2:

(b)
( )
⁄ ⁄
Frequency deviation ( )
New frequency
Change in generation of Unit 1 and Unit 2:
( )

( )
New load of each Unit 1 and Unit 2:

Note:
In the second scenario, the total generation change is 84.375 MW. However, the change in load is
90 MW. Therefore, there is a difference of 5.625 MW. This is due to the change in load due to
frequency drop.

Change in load due to frequency drop =

Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 5

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