Cairo University Sheet (1) Preparatory Year

Faculty of Engineering Linear Systems and Matrices MTHG001 (Algebra)

1. Determine whether each of the following systems has: (a) a unique

solution, (b) infinitely many solutions, or (c) no solution:

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

2. Solve the following linear systems using the method of elimination:
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟔 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟓
(a) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟏𝟒 (b) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟐
𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒛 = −𝟐 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟕

𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑𝒛 = −𝟒
(c) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟒
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟗𝒛 = 𝟓
3. Determine whether each of the following statements is: (a) true, or (b)
false:
(i) A single linear equation in three unknowns can have a unique
solution.
(ii) A homogeneous system is always consistent.
(iii) Elementary row operations can be used to subtract one row of an
augmented matrix from another.
4. Write down the augmented matrices for the following linear systems:
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝒛 = 𝟏 𝟔𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟒
(a) 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟏 (b) 𝟓𝒚 − 𝒛 = 𝟏
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏

𝒙𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟓 = −𝟏
(c) −𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎
𝟓𝒙𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟓 = 𝟓
5. Find the linear systems that correspond to the following augmented
matrices:
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐].
(a) [𝟐 −𝟑 𝟎] (b) [𝟔 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐] (c) [
𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟕
𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟔
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 6. Solve the following linear systems using both Gaussian elimination, and
Gauss-Jordan elimination:
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟔 −𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = −𝟑
(a) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟏𝟒 (b) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟔𝒛 = 𝟕
𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒛 = −𝟐 −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟖𝒛 = −𝟗
7. Solve the following linear using Gauss-Jordan elimination:
𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 − 𝟐𝒘 = −𝟒
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒛 + 𝟐𝒘 = 𝟓
𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 + 𝟑𝒘 = 𝟒
𝒙−𝒚 +𝒘 = 𝟒

8. Determine whether each of the following matrices is in: (a) row echelon
form (REF), (b) reduced row echelon form (RREF), or (c) neither:

𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
(i) [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐] (ii) [𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟓] (iii) [ ]
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏
(iv) [𝟎 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑] (v) [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐] (vi) [ ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒 𝟓
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟑 𝟓 −𝟐
9. Find a row echelon form (REF) of the matrix [ 𝟏 𝟒 𝟔 −𝟐].
−𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐
10. Find the reduced row echelon form (RREF) of the matrix
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟑
[−𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 ].
𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟖
Consider the linear system:
𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟔
𝟐𝒙𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒂
(Hint: Use Gaussian elimination, and consider how to justify your answer)
11. When 𝒂 = 𝟔, the system has:
(a) A unique solution (b) Infinitely many (c) No solution
solutions
12. When 𝒂 = 𝟗, the system has:
(a) A unique solution (b) Infinitely many (c) No solution
solutions
𝒙+𝒚+𝒛 = 𝟎
13. The homogeneous linear system 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟎 has:
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟎
(a) Non-trivial solutions (b) The trivial solution only (c) None

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 14. Consider the linear system:
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟎
𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 − 𝒘 = 𝟎
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝒘 = 𝟎
𝒚− 𝒛 = 𝟎
If 𝒘 = 𝒕, 𝒕 ∈ ℝ, then 𝒙 is equal to:
(a) 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒕 (b) 𝟎. 𝟓𝒕 (c) 𝒕 (d) None
15. Use Gaussian elimination to solve the linear systems whose augmented
matrices are:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟕 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒
𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟗
(a) [ | ] (b) [ | ]
𝟕 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟖𝟓 𝟐𝟑 𝟕 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟖𝟓 𝟑𝟒
𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟏 𝟒𝟎 𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟏 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟗
(Hint: Note that the coefficients sides in both matrices are identical. Therefore,
the two systems can be solved in parallel.)
16. The row echelon form (REF) of the augmented matrix of a linear system
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
is [𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟕]. Find the solution of this system.
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑

17. Compute, if possible, 𝑩 + 𝟐𝑪, 𝑨𝑩, 𝑩𝑨, 𝑩 𝑪, 𝑩 𝑪𝑻 , and 𝑩𝑻 𝑪, given:

𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 = [ 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 ] , 𝑩 = [ 𝟏 ] , 𝑪 = [𝟏 ]
−𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟑
18. Verify the following expressions:
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟕
(a) 𝒓(𝑨 + 𝑩) = 𝒓𝑨 + 𝒓𝑩, where 𝒓 = 𝟑, 𝑨 = [𝟒 𝟏 ] and 𝑩 = [ 𝟒 𝟑].
𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓
𝟎 𝟏
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
(b) (𝑨𝑩)𝑻 = 𝑩𝑻 𝑨𝑻 , where 𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟐 ] and 𝑩 = [ ].
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟑
𝟑 −𝟏
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟐
(c) (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 + 𝑩𝑪, where 𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟒 ] , 𝑩 = [𝟒 𝟑 ] and 𝑪 = [ ].
𝟑
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟓
19. If 𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟐] , 𝑩 = [ 𝟒 −𝟔] , 𝑪 = [𝟐 𝟏] , 𝑫 = [−𝟐 𝟕 ]:
𝟐 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟓 −𝟏

(a) Compute 𝑨𝑩. Note that 𝑨𝑩 is a zero matrix, while both 𝑨 and 𝑩 are
not zero matrices.
(b) Compute 𝑨𝑪 and 𝑨𝑫. Note that 𝑨𝑪 = 𝑨𝑫, while 𝑪 ≠ 𝑫.
Consider the matrix equation 𝟐𝑿 = 𝑨𝟐 − 𝑩𝑪, given:
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
𝑨 = [−𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏], 𝑩 = [−𝟗], and 𝑪 = [−𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎]
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎
20. The size of 𝑿 is:
(a) 𝟑 × 𝟑 (b) 𝟑 × 𝟐 (c) 𝟐 × 𝟑 (d) None

3
21. The entry in row 1 and column 1 of 𝑿, i.e., 𝒙𝟏𝟏 , is:
(a) 𝟒 (b) 𝟐𝟔 (c) 𝟐 (d) None
22. The entry in row 2 and column 2 of 𝑿, i.e., 𝒙𝟐𝟐 , is:
(a) 𝟒 (b) 𝟐𝟔 (c) 𝟐 (d) None
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟐 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎
23. Verify that [𝟏 𝟐 𝟐] is the inverse of [−𝟏 𝟓 −𝟒].
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏
24. If 𝑨, 𝑩, and (𝑨 + 𝑩) are 𝒏 × 𝒏 nonsingular matrices, and 𝑨𝑿 + 𝑩𝑿 = 𝑪,
then 𝑿 is equal to:
(a) 𝑪𝑨−𝟏 + 𝑪𝑩−𝟏 (b) (𝑨 + 𝑩)−𝟏 𝑪 (c) 𝑪(𝑨 + 𝑩)−𝟏 (d) None
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟒
25. Find 𝑿, if 𝑿𝑨𝑩 = 𝑪, and 𝑨−𝟏 = [ ] , 𝑩−𝟏 = [ ], and 𝑪 = [ ].
𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑
26. Compute the determinants of the following matrices to determine
whether each matrix is nonsingular or singular:
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
𝟒 −𝟑
(a) 𝑨 = [ ] (b) 𝑩 = [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 ]
𝟐 −𝟐
𝟓 −𝟐 −𝟑
27. Compute the inverse of the following matrices:
𝟓 𝟑 𝒂 𝟑𝒂
(a) 𝑨 = [ ] (b) 𝑩 = [ ],𝒂 ≠ 𝟎
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝒂 𝟒𝒂

28. Solve the linear system 𝑨𝑿 + 𝟐𝑪 = 𝑫 and find the inverse of 𝑨 using
Gauss- Jordan elimination, given:
𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟕
𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 ], 𝑪 = [ 𝟏 ], and 𝑫 = [𝟏𝟎].
𝟑 𝟒 −𝟒 𝟔 𝟐
29. Use Gauss-Jordan elimination to compute the inverse of the following
matrices, if exists:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
(a) 𝑨 = [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 ] (b) 𝑩 = [ ]
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟓 −𝟐 −𝟑
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 −𝟑
30. If 𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟐 𝟐] and 𝑩 = [ 𝟐 ], use Gauss-Jordan elimination to compute
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑
the inverse of 𝑨 and, hence, solve the linear system 𝑨𝑿 = 𝑩.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
31. Find all values of 𝒂 for which 𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟎 𝟎] is nonsingular, and find 𝑨
−𝟏

𝟏 𝟐 𝒂
using Gauss-Jordan elimination.
32. Write each of the following matrices and its inverse as products of
elementary matrices, if possible:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟑
(a) 𝑨 = [ ] (b) 𝑩 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟐]
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟑

4
 33. If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are 𝒏 × 𝒏 matrices, and 𝑨 is nonsingular, then (𝑨𝑩𝑨−𝟏 )𝟔 is
equal to:
(a) 𝑨𝟔 𝑩𝟔 (𝑨−𝟏 )𝟔 (b) 𝑨𝑩𝟔 𝑨−𝟏 (c) 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩𝟔 𝑨 (d) None
34. If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are 𝒏 × 𝒏 skew-symmetric matrices, then (𝑨 − 𝑩) is:
(a) symmetric (b) nonsingular
(c) skew-symmetric (d) None
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
35. If 𝑨 = [ ], compute |𝑨| and 𝑨−𝟏 .
𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏/𝟒
𝑨 and 𝑩 are 𝒏 × 𝒏 upper triangular matrices.
36. (𝑨 + 𝑩) is:
(a) upper triangular (b) lower triangular
(c) symmetric (d) None
37. (𝑨𝑩) is:
𝑻

(a) upper triangular (b) lower triangular

(c) symmetric (d) None
𝟐 𝟐 −𝟑
38. Find an LU decomposition of the matrix 𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟐 𝟕 ].
𝟏 𝟒 𝟎
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟎
Consider the LU decomposition of the matrix 𝑩 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 ].
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐
39. The entry in row 2 and column 1 of 𝑳 is equal to:
(a) 𝟏 (b) 𝟐 (c) 𝟎 (d) None
40. The entry in row 3 and column 2 of 𝑳 is equal to:
(a) −𝟐 (b) 𝟐 (c) 𝟎 (d) None
41. The entry in row 3 and column 3 of 𝑳 is equal to:
(a) −𝟑 (b) 𝟑 (c) 𝟏 (d) None
42. Use LU decomposition to solve the linear system 𝑨𝑿 = 𝑩 in each of the
following cases:
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟔
(a) 𝑨 = [𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟎] , 𝑩 = [𝟏𝟔]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏

𝟐 𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐
𝟒 𝟓 𝟑 𝟑 −𝟐
(b) 𝑨 = [ ],𝑩 = [ ]
−𝟐 −𝟔 𝟕 𝟕 −𝟏𝟔
𝟖 𝟗 𝟓 𝟐𝟏 −𝟔𝟔

5
Answers:
1. (i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) B (v) C (vi) B (vii) C
2. (a) The system has the unique solution: 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟐, 𝒛 = 𝟑
(b) The system has infinitely many solutions. A general solution is:
𝒛 = 𝒕, 𝒕 ∈ ℝ
𝒚 = −𝟖 − 𝟖𝒕
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝒕
(c) The system has no solution.
3. (i) B (ii) A (iii) A
4. 𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟑 𝟎 𝟐 −𝟏
𝟔 −𝟏 𝟑 𝟒]
(a) [𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟏] (b) [ (c) [𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟓 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 −𝟓 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟒 𝟓
5. 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒛 = 𝟒
𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟐
(a) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎 (b) 𝟔𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = −𝟐 (c)
𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟕
𝒚 = 𝟐 −𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟔

6. (a) The system has the unique solution: 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟐, 𝒛 = 𝟑

(b) The system has the unique solution: 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝒛 = −𝟏
7. The system has the unique solution: 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟏, 𝒛 = 𝟎, 𝒘 = 𝟐
8. (i) C (ii) C (iii) C (iv) A (v) B (vi) B
𝟏 𝟒 𝟔 −𝟐
9. [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 𝟏 𝟎
10. [𝟎 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. C
15. (a) The system has no solution.
(b) The system has infinitely many solutions. Let the unknowns be 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 . A general
solution is: 𝒙𝟒 = 𝒕, 𝒕 ∈ ℝ, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏, 𝒙𝟐 = −𝟏 − 𝟔𝒕, 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒕.
16. The system has infinitely many solutions. Let the unknowns be 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , … , 𝒙𝟔. A general
solution of the system is: 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒓, 𝒙𝟓 = 𝒔, 𝒙𝟔 = 𝒕, where 𝒓, 𝒔, 𝒕 ∈ ℝ, 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟑 − 𝒕, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝒔 −
𝟒𝒕, 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐 + 𝒓 − 𝒔 − 𝟒𝒕.
17. 𝟐 𝟎
𝑩 + 𝟐𝑪 = [𝟑], 𝑨𝑩 = [−𝟑], 𝑩𝑨 does not exist, 𝑩 𝑪 does not exist,
𝟔 𝟔
−𝟒 −𝟐 −𝟔
𝑩 𝑪𝑻 = [ 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 ], and 𝑩𝑻 𝑪 = [−𝟑].
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
20. A
21. C
22 . B
24. B
𝟐𝟎 𝟓𝟒 ]
25. 𝑿 = 𝑪𝑩−𝟏 𝑨−𝟏 = [
−𝟏𝟕 −𝟒𝟔
26. (a) |𝑨| = −𝟐, therefore, 𝑨 is nonsingular.
(b) |𝑩| = 𝟎, therefore, 𝑨 is singular.
27. −𝟏 𝟑 ] 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑/𝟐
(a) 𝑨−𝟏 = [ (b) 𝑩−𝟏 = 𝒂 [ ]
𝟐 −𝟓 𝟏 −𝟏/𝟐
𝟐 𝟑𝟐 −𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟏
𝟏
28. 𝑿 = [−𝟏], 𝑨−𝟏 = 𝟗 [−𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟔 −𝟓]
𝟑 𝟕 −𝟓 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏]
29. (a) 𝑨 does not exist.
−𝟏
(b) 𝑩 = 𝟒 [
−𝟏
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

6
 𝟐 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 −𝟓𝟖
30. 𝑨−𝟏 = [−𝟏 𝟓 −𝟒] , 𝑿 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩 = [ 𝟐𝟓 ]
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟓
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
31. 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎]
𝒂 ∈ ℝ − {𝟎}, 𝑨−𝟏 = [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟎𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟑
32. 𝑨−𝟏 = 𝑬𝟑 𝑬𝟐 𝑬𝟏 = [ ][ ][ ]= [ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 − 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟏
−𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑
𝑨 = 𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝑬𝟑 = [ ][ ][ ]
𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟏

𝑩−𝟏 = 𝑬𝟔 𝑬𝟓 𝑬𝟒 𝑬𝟑 𝑬𝟐 𝑬𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
= [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [ 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟒 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟑 −𝟔 𝟏
𝟏
= 𝟒[ 𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐]
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝑩 = 𝑬−𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝑬𝟑 𝑬𝟒 𝑬𝟓 𝑬𝟔
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
= [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ] [𝟎 𝟏 𝟐]
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟒 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
33. B
34. C
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏/𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
35. −𝟏
|𝑨| = −𝟑, 𝑨 = [ ]
𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏/𝟐 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟒
36. A
37. B
𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟑/𝟐
38. 𝑳 = [𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 ] , 𝑼 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟕/𝟐 ]
𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐𝟒 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
39. C
40. A
41. B
42. 𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑/𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
(a) 𝑳 = [𝟒 −𝟏 𝟎 ] , 𝑼 = [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐] , 𝑿 = [−𝟐]
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏

𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑/𝟐 𝟎 𝟏/𝟐 𝟏
𝟒 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎
(b) 𝑳 = [ ],𝑼 = [ ],𝑿 = [ ]
−𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟓/𝟐 𝟐
𝟖 −𝟑 −𝟒 𝟒 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟒