CLE Review June Season 2022 – INTENSIVE FINAL COACHING – Criminological

Research and Statistics - RDM

Aid in Criminologists Licensure Examination (ACLE Mentoring by Chaps)

INTENSIVE FINAL COACHING
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
Prof: RYAN A. DE MESA

Instructions:
1. Choose the best answer and shade the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
2. Avoid erasures or any form of alteration.
3. Use pencil in shading your answers.

1. It is done for the development of theories and Principles. (BASE FACT)

A. Basic research - creating (eg.develop weight,code) done
C. Experimental Research – effects of variables
B. Analytical Research- identify and isolate situation
D. Applied Research – application of pure research

Nota bene :

Classification of research :

a. Purpose (predictive / prognostic “future”, Directive “remedy” , illuminative

“Variable” = Variable Cost And dependent variable effect)
b. Goal ( Basic/Pure , applied “testing efficacy”) = develop theories and principle
c. Level of investigation (exploratory “explore” , descriptive , experimental )
d. Type of analysis ( analytical “over view”, holistic “ whole” general to specific)
e. Scope ( Action Research “ identify the location”)
f. Choice of answer to problems ( evaluation “evaluate the important”, Developmental “
another study “ existing )
g. Statistical Content (Quantitative “ numbers”, Qualitative “ behaviour / observation”
)
h. Time Element (Historical – “ what was,” Past , Descriptive – “what is” present,
experimental – “what will be” future)

2. Type of research wherein the effectiveness of theories and principles are tested.
A. Holistic research C. Experimental Research
B. Analytical Research D. Applied Research – Basic /pure

3. It determines what should be done based on the findings to remedy an unsatisfactory

condition.
A. Directive research C. Illuminative research
B. Predictive research D. Descriptive research

Nota bene :
Directive research – done based on findings/remedy
Predictive Research – Future operation
Illuminative research – interaction of components of the variable, eg. Student ,school,
educational,
Descriptive research – relationship of variables

4. This refers to the setting up of ideals or ideologies which serve as Basis for the estimating
the findings of a study.
A. Rigid control C. Systematic organization
B. Objectivity D. Rigorous standards

Nota bene :

Rigorous Standard – Setting up standards/principle

Rigid Control – Variables that vary in quantity /quanlity(eg. Age,sex,population)
Objectivity – no bias in treating the result
Systematic organization – proper and accurate tabulation

5. The researcher attempts to identify and is isolate the components of the research situation.
A. Holistic research C. Experimental Research
B. Analytical Research D. Descriptive research

Nota bene :

Holistic research – total situation

Analytical research – identify and isolate

6. A formal and lengthy research paper, especially one written in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of doctor.
A. Thesis C. term paper
B. Dissertation D. report

Nota bene :

Thesis – Master’s degree

Term Paper – High school
Research – Bachelor (collage)

7. The investigator studies the variables related to a particular situation.

A. Holistic research C. Experimental Research
B. Analytical Research D. Descriptive research
8. The unacknowledged used of somebody else’s words or ideas
A. Plagiarism C. Defamation
B. Libel D. Denouncement

Nota Bene :

RA 8292 – Copy Right Impressment

9. The researcher studies the relationships of the variables.

A. Exploratory Research C. experimental research
B. Descriptive research D. evaluation research

Nota bene :

Exploratory – Variable pertinent to a situation

Description – Relationship of variables
Experimental – effect of variables
Evaluation – most advantageous

10. Type of research that focuses on finding or developing a more suitable instrument or
process than has been available.
A. Exploratory Research C. experimental research
B. developmental research D. evaluation research

11. It is used when in making inferences on the magnitude of differences of the samples from
a large universe.
A. Parametric Test C. experimental research
B. Inferential Statistics D. Correlational Statistics

Nota bene :

Inferential – measurements from the sample of subjects in the experiment to compare the
treatment groups and make generalizations about the larger population of subjects.

Parametric Test – Assumptions about the parameters of the population’s distribution from
which the samples is drawn. (interval/ratio) , interval = 0 has meaning , ratio = 0 is nothing

Correlational Statistics – Between two Variables in which both variables move in the same
direction.

12. It is considered as the groundwork of the study.

A. Conceptual Framework C. Abstract
B. Theoretical Framework D. Hypothesis

Nota bene :
Conceptual Framework – illustrates what you expect to find through your research
Theoretical framework –can hold or support a theory of a research
Abstract – summary of your complete research(blue print)
Hypothesis – educated guess (SOP)

13. This type of research usually includes comparison studies, cause-and-effect

relationships, etc.
A. quantitative Research C. qualitative research
B. non-quantitative research D. Exploratory Research

Nota bene :

Non- quantitative – part of quantitative

14. It is an examination of data or facts in terms of quantity, quality, attribute, trait, pattern,
trend, relationship among others so as to answer research questions which involve statistical
techniques and procedures
A. Interpretation of Data C. Cost-Effective
B. Data Analysis D. Evaluation of Data

Nota bene :

Interpretation of data – giving meaning

Cost effective – alternative comparison of intervention
Evaluation of data – usable or not

15. It is a kind of research which inferential statistics (number)are utilized to determine the
results of the study.
A. quantitative Research – it has numbers
B. qualitative research – getting information base observation
C. non-quantitative research
D. Exploratory Research
16. This is a research in which the use of the quantity or statistics is practically nil.(not)
A. quantitative Research C. qualitative research
B. non-quantitative research D. Exploratory Research

17. It is defined as the report of a scholar upon some piece of research which he has
completed. (higher studies/scholars)
A. Thesis C. term paper
B. Dissertation D. report

18. It determines the future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of
controlling or redirecting such for the better.
A. Directive research C. Illuminative research
B. Predictive research D. Descriptive research

Nota bene :

Directive – remedy
Illuminative – variables

19. It is an act wherein the writer uses passages, ideas, writings, and statements of others
without giving due credit.
A. Plagiarism C. Defamation
B. Libel D. Denouncement

20. This research has the tendency to become subjective in approach.

A. Quantitative C. Experimental Research
B. Analytical Research D. Qualitative

Nota bene :

Subjective – focus on your own bases

21. The experimenter studies of the variables relevant to a specific(pertinent) situation.

A. Exploratory Research C. experimental research – relationship of variables or
effects to a situation
B. Descriptive research – relationship of variables D. evaluation research – finding
the most advantageous

22. It focuses attention on the system and its internal relationships.

A. Holistic research C. Experimental Research
B. Analytical Research D. Descriptive research

23. This type of research has restricted scope to solve a specific problem.
A. Action research C. Holistic research
B. Evaluation Research D. Analytical Research

24. Following are list of types of data analysis, EXCEPT:

A. Normative C. Descriptive
B. Status D. Unclassified

25. It is the tentative conclusion or answer to specific problems.

A. Hypothesis C. abstract
B. Assumption - base on truth or phenomenon D. data analysis

26. The research studies the effects of the variables on each other.
A. Exploratory Research - C. experimental research
B. Descriptive research D. evaluation research -

27. A research which describes what is:

A. Historical Research – what was C. Experimental Research – what will
B. Descriptive Research (time) D. Prognostic Research -

28. It is an illustration of how research problems are generated from the framework of the
study.
A. Conceptual Framework C. Abstract - summary
B. Theoretical Framework – groundwork D. Hypothesis – tentative

29. It is used to determine the nature of variables without any attempt to critically compare
the extent of relationships or differences with other variables
A. Parametric Test C. Descriptive Statistics
B. Inferential Statistics D. Correlational Statistics

Nota bene :

Parametric- parameters of population distribution from sample is drawn

Inferential – compare the treatment groups and generalization

30. There is a set of carefully prepared questions and their expected answers are provided
A. Unstructured Interview C. Informal Interview
B. Formal Interview D. Structured Interview

Nota bene :

Unstructured – free to express opinion

31. A type of theory which seeks to describe a phenomenon

A. Descriptive Theory C. Dogmatic Theory – more on
opinion.
B. Prescriptive Theory – tells what to be done D. Alternative Theory - choose
the best

32. It is used to compare the frequencies obtained in categorized variables

A. Chi-Square Test C. Sign Test
B. Analysis of Variance D. Friedman Analysis of Variance

Nota bene :

Chi- square – compared observe result

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) –compare variances across the means (or average ) of
different groups
Sign test – compares the size of two group
Friedman Analysis of variance – detect difference in treatment across multiple test
attempts.

33. Characteristic of research wherein problem is defined thoroughly, variables identified and
selected, instruments carefully selected or construed and conclusions drawn only from the
data yielded.
A. Systematic C. Critical
B. Empirical D. Controlled

Nota bene :

Systematic – follow orderly sequential procedure

Empirical – employed and data gathered are perceived in the same manner
Critical – against the grain
Controlled – randomly assigned to experimental and control groups

34. All the procedures employed and the data gathered are perceived in the same manner by
all observers.
A. Systematic C. Empirical
B. Controlled D. Critical
35. It is used to answer questions on the relationship or differences of data obtained in
descriptive questions.
A. Descriptive hypothesis C. Positive Directional Hypothesis
B. Statistical hypothesis D. Non-directional Hypothesis

Nota bene :

Descriptive – Existence, size, type, and distribution of variables

Statistical – From Probability distribution for a designated population
Positive Directional – Difference between two variables of population
Non- directional –Direction of effect is not specified

36. Research is said to be ___________ when it follows steps or phases from the
identification of the problem up to drawing conclusion and integration of these conclusions
into the stream of knowledge.
A. Systematic C. Critical
B. Empirical - gather data D. Controlled

37. This is done to give meaning to data generated from the instrument to answer the
problems raised in the study
A. Interpretation of Data C. Cost-Effective
B. Data Analysis –examining of data D. Evaluation of Data

38. Research must be logical and all findings and conclusions are based on empirical data and
no effort is made to alter the results of the research.
A. Hypothesis C. Objective
B. Controlled D. Analytical

39. Following are characteristics of research, EXCEPT:

A. Systematic C. Critical
B. Empirical D. Hyperactive

Nota bene :

SECC
Systematic
Empirical
Critical
Control

VOVC
Valley
Objective
Verifiable
Comprehensive
40. Evidences are on hand to confirm or refute the hypothesis formulated at the start of the
investigation.
A. Systematic C. Empirical
B. Controlled - decide D. Critical -

41. According to this type of analysis, the researcher begins with the total situation, focusing
attention on the system first and then on its internal relationships.
A. Analytic Approach C. Exploratory
B. Holistic Approach D. Experimental

42. Type of data analysis which the researcher considers at least two entities and establishes a
formal procedure for obtaining criterion data on the basis of which he can compare and
conclude which of the two is better.
A. Evaluative C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Comparative

43. Which of the following are the methods for good research, except?
A. Forming Hypothesis C. Determining Problem
B. Collecting Data D. Guessing inference

Nota bene :

Methods for good research :

a. Determining the problem

b. Forming hypothesis
c. Doing the library research
d. Designing the study
e. Developing the instrument for collecting data
f. Collecting data
g. Analysing the data
h. Determining implications
i. Making recommendations

44. This is a type of research wherein its focused is to provide accurate description of
problems without attempting to treat or employ sophisticated statistical tools or describe
problems.
A. Qualitative Research Design C. Descriptive-Documentary Design
B. Quantitative Research Design – inferential statistic D. Historical Design

45. It is one kind of data analysis that appraises carefully the worthiness of the current
study.
A. Evaluative C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Comparative

46. The researcher takes the nearby individual as subjects of the study until the tester ranges
the preferred extent.
A. Purposive Sampling C. Quota Sampling
B. Incidental Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

Nota bene :

Purposive sampling – “also known judgment sampling”rely on their own judgement when
choosing numbers of the population to participate in their survey, Most useful/valuable

Incidental Sampling - A researcher pick up data or information’s from those who fall into
hand or present at the time of researcher .

Quota Sampling – chosen on a non-random basis and all members of the population do not
have equal chance of being selected to be a part of the sample group.

Cluster Sampling – Researcher divide a population into smaller group.

47. It is used to answer descriptive questions

A. Descriptive hypothesis C. Positive Directional Hypothesis
B. Statistical hypothesis D. Non-directional Hypothesis

48. It asserts that there is no significant difference or relationship between the variable
A. Operational Hypothesis C. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Null Hypothesis D. Non-directional hypothesis

Nota bene :

Null Hypothesis – one to be tested (fixed amount)

Alternative - is everything else. (not fixed amount)

49. It involves in depth analysis of the problems.

A. Qualitative Research Design C. Descriptive-Documentary Design
B. Quantitative Research Design D. Historical Design

50. It utilizes more statistical tests to explain the nature, characteristics, relationships and
differences of variables.
A. Descriptive C. experimental
B. Correlational D. all of the above
51. It measures the extent or magnitude of association between two variables.
A. Descriptive C. experimental
B. Correlational D. all of the above

52. The population is group into small units and after will be selected by random sampling
or systematic sampling.
A. Multistage Sampling C. Incidental Sampling
B. Purposive Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

Nota bene:

Multistage Sampling – Gallup poll (e.g. they might randomly choose a certain number of
area codes then randomly sample a number of phone from w/n each area code.

53. It is the best random sampling design because no restriction is imposed and every
member of the population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample
A. Restricted Random Sampling
B. Unrestricted Random Sampling
C. Random Sampling
D. Systematic Sampling

Nota bene :

Restricted – selected randomly but under certain restrictions.

Unrestricted – random selection is made from the whole population .
Random – sample are equal probability of being chosen . meant to be unbiased total
population.
Systematic – researcher select members of the population at a regular interval.

54. Listed below are used to measures centralities, with the exception of;
A. Mean C. measures of variability
B. Median D. ranking

Nota bene :

Mean – scores were samples

Median – middle number in a sorted , ascending or descending, list of numbers.
Mode – observed value in a set of data
Measurement of variability :
Range : different of highest and lowest values
Interquartile range : middle half of a distribution
Standard Deviation : Average distance from the mean
Variance : average of squared distances from the mean

Ranking – numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted.

55. Respondents are forced to answer the questions asked in the questionnaire.
A. Open-Ended Questions C. Restricted Questions
B. Closed-Ended Questions D. Limited Questions

Nota bene:

Closed ended – guided response type of restricted question.

56. Its focus is to describe problems descriptively and numerically.

A. Qualitative Research Design C. Descriptive-Documentary Design
B. Quantitative Research Design D. Historical Design
57. It is the science which deals with the systematic process of collecting, organizing,
classifying, presenting, interpreting data.
A. Physics C. statistics
B. Mathematics D. arithmetic

58. Sampling which can be done in several stage, it can be two-stage depending on the
number of stages of sampling to be used.
A. Multistage Sampling C. Incidental Sampling
B. Purposive Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

59. In this type of research instrument, the information is collected directly from the
respondents
A. Subject Instrument C. Informant Instrument
B. Researcher Instrument D. Survey Questionnaire

Nota bene :

Researcher – obtain data himself w/ no direct involvement w/ other people.

Informant – collected from knowledge of subject
Survey questionnaire – written or printed from containing questions

60. Type of non-scientific(probability)sampling based on indicating individuals as model

according to the tenacities of the researcher
A. Purposive Sampling C. Quota Sampling
B. Incidental Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

61. Sampling design that is applied to those samples (GROUP)which are engaged because
they are most valuable.
A. Purposive Sampling C. Quota Sampling
B. Incidental Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

62. It is a device designed or adopted by researcher for data gathering.

A. Research Instrument C. Interview guide question
B. Survey Questionnaire D. Document Analysis

63 It is the degree to which a measuring instrument measures what it intends to measure.

A. Validity C. Usability
B. Reliability D. Durability

Nota bene :

Reliability – responses from moment to moment

Usability – practicability
- Ease of administration
- Ease of scoring
- Ease of interpretation
- Low cost

64. It refers to the relationship between scores obtained using one or more instruments or
measures
A. Content-Related Validity C. Criterion-Related Validity
B. Construct-Related Validity D. Validity

Nota bene :

Content – related – format of instrument

Construct- related – psychological construction

65. Research which select all possible action and tries to find out the most advantageous or
solution.
A. Illuminative Research C. Action Research
B. Historical Research D. Action Plan

66. Type of data analysis which the results of the study is compared with the norm
A. Evaluative C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Comparative

67. It is used to determine two variable means which differ significantly

A. F-Test C. Chi Square Test
B. T-Test and Z-Test D. ANOVA(Analysis of variance)

68. It denotes to proper and accurate formulation of data as well as presenting them in
numerical tables prepared for explanation.
A. Rigid control C. Systematic organization
B. Objectivity D. Rigorous standards

69. It is used to determine the degree or magnitude of association between two variables.
A. Parametric Test C. Descriptive Statistics
B. Inferential Statistics D. Correlational Statistics

70. Type of data analysis which describes the characteristics, compositions, structures that
occur as units within the larger structure
A. Evaluative C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Comparative
71. It is applicable when the data measured is in interval or ratio scales.
A. Parametric Test C. Descriptive Statistics
B. Inferential Statistics D. Correlational Statistics
72. Sampling that divides first the population into two or more groups.
A. Restricted Random Sampling C. Random Sampling
B. Unrestricted Random Sampling D. Systematic Sampling

73. Listed below are types of operational hypothesis, apart from;

A. non-directional hypothesis C. negative directive hypothesis
B. positive directional hypothesis D. null hypothesis

74. It is a formal and lengthy research paper, especially one written in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for a master’s degree
A. Thesis C. Term Paper
B. Dissertation D. Action Plan

75. The researcher manipulates changes or alters the inputs or independent variables to see
the effects on the dependent variables.
A. Descriptive C. experimental
B. Correlational D. all of the above

76. Percentage of solved cases out of the total number of reported crime incidents handled by
the police for a given period of time.
A. Crime Rate C. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE)
B. Average Monthly Crime Rate D. Variance

Nota bene :

Crime rate – Number of incident in a given period of time for every 100,000 inhabitants of
an area.
Average Monthly Crime rate – crime occurred per month for every 100,000 inhabitants of
an area
Variance – percentage change over a given period of time

77. One way of analysing crime trends. It measures the percentage change over a given
period of time.
A. Crime Rate C. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE)
B. Average Monthly Crime Rate D. Variance

78. When there is a positive change of percentage over a period time in solved cases. Crime
rate drops.
A. Definitely true C. Definitely false
B. Negative % change D. Positive % change
79. The average number of crime incidents occurred per month for every 100, 000
inhabitants in a certain area.
A. Crime Rate C. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE)
B. Average Monthly Crime Rate D. Variance

80. The number of incidents in a given period of time for every 100, 000 inhabitants of an
area/place.
A. Crime Rate C. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE)
B. Average Monthly Crime Rate D. Variance

81. Makati City being the premier metropolitan in the NCR has recorded the following data
from previous month a total of 17, 356 reported cases. As per the City Chief Commander
they already given solution for at least 7, 204 cases as recorded.
A. 42% C. 41%
B. 0.415 D. 41.5%

Nota bene:

Crime Solution Efficiency :

( 7,204) x 100 = 41.5%

(17,356)

82. The PDILG would like to know the average monthly crime rate of Rizal. Given the
record from the City Police Record with a total of 78, 332 crime volume out of 677,401
population.
A. 11, 563.60 C. 963.63
B. 962 D. 11, 564

Nota Bene:

Average Monthly Crime Rate : (100,000=AMCR) (12=month)

(78,332) x 100,000 / 12 = 963.63

(677,401)

83. The City Mayor requested the City PNP to provide records pertaining the changes in
percentage of their localities crime trends. If you were the City PNP Chief how would you
treat the data last month with 11,451 and currently 19, 391.
A. O.69 C. 69%
B. 69.33% D. 69
Nota bene :

Variance :

19,391 – 11,451 = 7,940 x 100 = 69.33 %

11,451 11,451

84. Cavite has recorded 671, 221 crime volume over the countries total crime volume of 1,
672, 001. Solve for solution.
A. 49% C. 40%
B. 0.40 D. 42%

Nota bene :

Crime of a certain area

671,221 x 100 = 40%

1,672,001

85. Laguna has recorded 179, 221 crime volume forty five percent (45%) of which is robbery
related over the countries total crime volume of 1, 672, 001. Find its Percentage Share
Occurrence of Type of Crime.
A. 48.29 % C. 0.482 - nearest answer
B. 48% D. 48.3%

Nota bene :

Percentage share occurance of type of crime :

179,221
x .45
80,649.45 / 1,672,001 x 100 = 4.82%

86. Instrument classification in which the information is collected directly from the
respondents.
A. Formal instrument C. Subject Instrument
B. Informant instrument D. Informer instrument
87. It is a written or printed form containing the questions to be asked on the respondents.
A. Open-ended question C. close-ended question
B. Questionnaire D. Survey

Nota bene :

Survey – act of doing and getting information

88. There is a set of carefully prepared questions and their expected answers are provided by
the researcher.
A. Structured Interview C. Formal interview
B. Unstructured interview D. Informal observation

Nota bene :

Unstructured interview – respondents are free to express their opinion(informal)

89. Researcher makes a guide on what to observe. Possible responses may also be outlined.
A. Informal observation C. Formal interview
B. Formal observation D. Informal survey
Nota bene:
Informal observation – needs critical evaluation of observation made to avoid biased.
90. It may be some sort of modification of the theoretical framework or personally
conceptualized by the researcher.
A. Theoretical framework C. Modified framework
B. Conceptual framework D. Pictureframework

91. Tentative conclusion or answer to specific question raised at the beginning of the
investigation. It is an educated guess about the answer to a specific question.
A. Hypnothesis C. Hypothesis
B. Synthesis D. Assumption

Nota bene :
Assumption – self-evident truth based from known facts or phenomenon

92. An article that is published internationally or locally and becomes basis of critical
studies.
A. Literature C. Foreign Literature
B. Local Literature D. Foreign Studies

Nota bene :

Literature = published
Studies = unpublished

Local literature – published locally

Foreign literature – published international

93. Setting and Framework of the study can be found in ___.

A. Chapter I C. Chapter II
B. Chapter III D. Chapter I & II

Nota bene :
Chapter II – Review of related literature
Chapter III – Research methods and Procedure
Chapter IV – Presentation Analysis and interpretation of data
Chapter V – summary of finding , conclusion and recommendation

94. In the research studies boundaries can be found in chapter I.

A. Definition of Terms C. Scope & Limitation
B. Setting/Location D. Framework

95. Pasig City has recorded 179, 221 crime volume thirty five percent (35%) of which is
robbery related, twenty five percent (25%) is holdup related over the countries total crime
volume of 1, 672, 001. What percent is the other crime committed aside from robbery and
holdup?
A. 4.287 C. 4.3%
B. 4% D. 3.9%

Nota bene :

179,221 179,221 71,688 / 1,672,001 x 100 = 4.287% = 4.3%

x .60 - 107,533
107,532.6 71,688

96. A sampling method of probability sampling that is often used to study large populations,
particularly those that are widely geographically dispersed.
A. Stratified Sampling C. Cluster Sampling
B. Quota Sampling D. Snowball Sampling

97. Also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a form of non-probability

sampling in which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of the
population to participate in their surveys.
A. Stratified Sampling C. Cluster Sampling
B. Purposive Sampling D. Snowball Sampling

Nota bene :

Snow ball – like networking

98. There is no pattern whatsoever in acquiring these respondents—they may be recruited

merely asking people who are present in the street, in a public building, or in a workplace, for
example.
A. Convenience Sampling C. Cluster Sampling
B. Purposive Sampling D. Snowball Sampling

99. A qualitative method for collecting data often used in the social and behavioural sciences.
A. Ethnographic Research C. Home Research
B. Action Research D. Systematic Sampling

100. A kind of survey that covers entire problem population of interest.

A. Sample survey – portion of population C. Census
B. Census of tangible - number of student(nahahawakan) D. Census of intangible (hindi
mahawakan)
101. Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might
occur over a period of time.
A. Cross-sectional – one time C. Quasi-experimental – half
B. Case study D. Longitudinal – weekly progress

102. Dr. Ingcad does a study in which he observed JM, a child who has been identified as
having a rare disorder, JM is the only subject in the study. Which type of research design is
Dr. Ingcad using?
A. Cross-sectional C. Quasi-experimental
B. Case study D. Experiment

103. The Jail Officer randomly gives half of the inmates in his post an extra food over lunch
hour, the other half gets no extra food. After lunch, he test inmates’ level of resentment
toward each other. Which type of research design is the Jail Officer using?
A. Cross-sectional C. Quasi-experimental
B. Case study D. Experiment

104. It involves gathering information by examining records and documents that is already
existing.
A. Documentary Analysis C. Follow-Up-Studies
B. Trend Analysis D. Correlational Studies

105. This study is designed to determine the extent to which different variables are related to
each other in the population of interest.
A. Documentary Analysis C. Follow-Up-Studies
B. Trend Analysis D. Correlational Studies

106. Following are the principles of the scientific methods of research, except.
A. Rigid control C. Objectivity
B. Systematic organization D. Conclusion
107. A statistics which numbers or measurement used to describe limits and size, such as
population, samples, and parameters.
A. Inferential Statistics C. Descriptive Statistics
B. Statistics D. Parametric Test

108. A test which is usually used for data that are of the interval or ratio levels of
measurement.
A. Parametric Test C. Non-Parametric Test
B. Z-Test D. F-Test

109. The information or data is collected from those knowledgeable of the subject matter.
A. Subject Instrument C. Questionnaire
B. Informant Instrument D. Research Instrument

110. A type of interview wherein there is a set of carefully prepared questions and their
expected answers are provided.
A. Observation C. Structured Interview
B. Unstructured Interview D. Formal Observation

111. It needs a critical evaluation of the observation made to avoid biased result.
a. Informal Observation
b. Closed – ended
C. Formal Observation
d. Open ended