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INTRO, CHARACTERISTICS, DESCRIPTION AND NORMAL

SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS (NSP) OF AK-47 SMG-56
INTRODUCTION
1. The AK-47/SMG-56 was made in Russia in the year 1947 by KALASHINKOV and
was modernized in the year 1956 in China
AIM
2. To teach students the introduction, description and normal safety precautions.
REASON
2. To enable students know the characteristics, describe the parts of the gun and to
carry out the safety precautions.

. .

CHARACTERISTICS(WHAT ENABLES THE WEAPON TO

FUNCTION)
4. There are three characteristics of AK-47/SMG-56.
a. Magazine fed
b. Gas-operated weapon
c. Semi-automatic & Automatic
CAPABILITIES (ABILITIES OF GETTING TARGTETS AT
DIFFERENT RANGES)
5. a. It is quick and accurate at a short rage opportunity targets.
b. A high rate of accurate rapid fire at a range up to 300 metres.
c. Effective section fire at a range up to 400 metres.
d. Paratroopers at 500 metres.
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TECHNICAL DATA (THE DESIGNED AMMOS, STRUCTURES AND
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS THAT THE WEAPON DOES)
6. a. Cartridge 7.62mm x 39mm
b. Calibre 7.62mm
c. Muzzle velocity 710/715 metres per sec
d. Cyclic rate of fire 600 rds/minute
e. Length 0.878 metres without a bayonet; with bayonet is 1.02 metres
f. Weight of empty magazine is 300 Gms.
g. Weight of filled magazine, 900 Gms
h. Weight of one round 20 Gms
j. Maximum range 2160 metres
k. Minimum range 1500 metres
l. Weight when loaded, 4 kgs and when not loaded it has 3.1 kgs.

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CAPABILITIES OF PENETRATION (TYPES OF HARD TARGETS
PENETRATION)
7. When a tgt is placed at 100 metres the bullet can penetrate as follows:
a. Steel iron 6cm or 2.4 inches.
b. Brick wall 30cm or 12 inches
c. Cement wall 15 cm or 6 inches
d. Wood/timber 40-60cm or 19 inches
DESCRIPTION (MAJOR SUB DIVISION)
8. The AK 47/SMG 56 is divided into three main parts:
a. Barrel group
b. Body group
c. Butt group

c b a

BARREL (OTHER MINOR PARTS)

9. a. Muzzle
b. Bore lines
c. Compensator & compensator lock.
d. Fore sight assembly which consists of:
(1) Fore sight tip
(2) Fore sight guards.
(3) Fore knob.
e. Cleaning rod
f. Bayonet.
g. Fore sling shovel.
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h. Sling rifle.
j. Gas block and gas vents
k. Gas cylinder tube and lock or piston house.
l. Hand guard.
m. Rear sight assembly which consists of:
(1) Metre ruler.
(2) Notch.
BODY GROUP
10. a. Cocking handle
b. Receiver cover or top cover and lock
c. Safety catch
d. Trigger.
e. Trigger guard.
f. Pistol grip
g. Magazine and magazine catch.
h Magazine house
j Rear sling shovel
BUTT GROUP
11. a. Small butt
b. Big butt
c. Butt plate
d. The accessory house and lock.

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GENERAL SAFETY RULES (GUIDELINES IN HADLING THE
WEAPON)
12. You must pay special attention to safety measures, and you must always
remember that all the rules of handling weapons were written in order to ensure
accurate and professional use of weapons with the lowest probability of accidents.
Attending to the instructor’s instructions and carrying them out accordingly may
prevent the occurrence of an accident.
a. Receiving and handing over a weapon require checking it according to
outstanding instructions.
b. Never aim the weapon at anyone.
c. Never play with or handle when it is not absolutely necessary
d. Never touch a magazine or live round without specific instructions.
e. Treat every weapon as if it were loaded and checking it accordingly.
f. Never keep live rounds in your pocket, living quarters or training rooms.
g. Never carry out dry drills without specific instructions at an angle of 45-
degrees.
j. At every shooting range, a fully equipped medic and an emergency
vehicle will be present.

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STRIPPING AND ASSEMBLING OF AK 47/SMG 56 & MAGAZINE

INTRODUCTION
1. a. The gun is stripped when there is a stoppage, cleaning and lubricating the
working parts for daily maintenance.
b. Before stripping is done, you must carry out the normal safety precaution and
make sure that the rifle is safe.
c. You must have a ground sheet or poncho.
STRIPPING (SEPARATING PARTS)
2. There are two ways of stripping:
a. Field elementary stripping. This can be done by any soldier.
b. Full stripping done by the armoury technicians.
NB: disassembled parts should be placed on a clean object in a correct order and to be
arranged left going to the right side.

Magazine
Sling rifle
Cleaning rod
Body cover or receiver
cover
Returning spring
Bolt carrier
Bolt
Gas cylinder tube
Chamber
Accessory
tube

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PROCEDURE OF STRIPPING (FORMAL STEPS TO FOLLOW)

3. a. Remove the magazine and carry out NSP.
b. Cock and leave the weapon cocked, safety catch is open.
c. Remove the sling rifle.
d. Remove cleaning rod.
e. Remove the accessory.
f. Press the retuning spring lock and remove the body cover.
g. Press the returning spring lock and remove the returning spring mechanism
(RSM).
h. Pull the cocking handle to the rear, remove the bolt carrier.
j. Rotate the gas cylinder tube lock up towards and remove the gas cylinder.
k. Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier; the weapon is now stripped for
maintenance.
ASSEMBLING (FIXING PARTS)
4. When assembling a gun the last to be stripped is the first part to be assembled.
a. Replace the bolt into the bolt carrier.
b. Replace the gas cylinder to the gun and lock.
c. Replace the bolt carrier into the body by following the grooves within the
body.
d. Fix the returning spring mechanism.
e. Replace the body cover/top cover and make safe.
f. Fix the cleaning rod.
g. Replace the sling rifle.
h. Open the safety catch, pull the cocking handle to the rear allow the working
parts to go forward, then squeeze the trigger and make safe.

STRIPPING THE MAGAZINE (SEPARATING PARTS)

5 a. Hold the magazine with the left hand; Remove the floor plate, Depress the
metal notch at the magazine on the floor plate.

b. Slide the plate backwards towards the rear or primer area of the magazine.
Be careful the spring will shoot out with some force and could cause injury if not done
slowly.
Remove the spring and the follower.

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MAGAZINE COMPONENTS (BUILD UP OF THE MAGAZINE)
6. a. Body
b. Floor plate.
c. Stop leaf.
d. Spring.
e. Follower.
f. Stop lug.
g. Catch.
ASSEMBLING THE MAGAZINE (FIXING PARTS)
7. a. Hold the magazine in your left hand.
b. Replace the follower and spring.
c. Slide the floor plate into magazine end until seated.

1. Body 2. Heel cover 3. Top leaf

4. Spring 5. Follower 6. Stop lug
7. Catch

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FILLING AND UN FILLING OF THE MAGAZINE

INTRODUCTION
1. The magazine will be filled when it is empty and will be unfilled when there is a
stoppage in the magazine.
AIM
2. To teach students how to fill and un fill the magazine.

MAGAZINE FILLING (PUTTING IN BULLETS)

3. When filling the magazine you must do the following:
a. Kneel down and place the magazine between two knees and the case of
the magazine towards the body.

b. Hold the rounds with the right hand, the tip of each round is pointing
towards the body.
c. Push the round into the magazine and make sure that each round is up
against the magazine hole with 30 rounds.
UN FILLING (REMOVING THE ROUNDS)
4. a. Push out the top round.
b. Press down each second round to drop out.
c. Make sure the rounds do not fall into the dust.
NB: Confirm by practice.

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WEAPON CLEANING OF AK-47/SMG-56

Aim: To teach students weapon cleaning and care of arms.

INTRODUCTION
1. a. We clean guns for daily maintenance and to avoid stoppages.
b. The following materials must be presented before cleaning of the guns.
(1) Pull through
(2) Three types of brushes.
(3) The cleaning rod
(4) Combination tools
(5) Flannetts/oil tube
(6) Cleaning rags.
2. a. There are three types of cleaning:
(1) Basic daily cleaning. This is before use or after use,
(2) Cleaning for abnormal condition. This type of cleaning depends
on weather, during dry season it needs less oil, during rainy season it
needs enough oil to avoid rust.
(3) Tropical cleaning. This is special lubrication of guns because of
weather changes.
b. Flannetts and measurements.
(1) Cleaning rags for cleaning the barrel is 100 x 50mm (4x2)
inches.
(2) Gas cylinder tube is 150 X 100mm (6x4) inches.
(3) Oiling the barrel after cleaning is 38mm (1½) inches.
(4) Soldiers must constantly look for the rust of the guns so that to
avoid the stoppages
CLEANING
3. a. Parts to be clean and dry
(1) Muzzle.
(2) Barrel.
(3) Bolt.
(4) Chamber.
(5) Gas cylinder tube.
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(6) Piston.
b. Parts to be oiled
(1) Mechanism (Components around the trigger).
(2) Bolt (Bolt carrier components).
(3) Grooves (Rails inside the gun).

CARE
4. Care of arms is a very important duty to a soldier; therefore we must do as
follows:
a. Keep arms in good state by constant cleaning, checking and protection
from rust.
b. During the intervals of fighting and drilling or handling the guns, the
guns should be cleaned and inspected in time. Clean the gun especially the gas
block.

c. Only put the oil on the moving parts where they make contact with other
parts.
d. Over oiling the weapon will cause build up of dust/dirty and could cause
a malfunction.

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SIGHT SETTING AND DEGREES OF WEAPON READINESS AK-47

AIM
1. To teach students sight setting and how to apply degrees of weapon readiness.
INTRODUCTION
2. Setting of weapon sights and mastering the essentials of firing are very
important means to as soldier in order to wipe out the enemy in battle field.
SIGHT SETTING

3. a. Erect the rear slide, move it by pressing the rear slide catch until the
front is in line with the index.
b. The rear sight with odd numbers from 1-10 on the metres ruler
represents 100– 1000mtrs.
c. Return the rear sight to ‘O’ and move the slide to its rear most, then set
to the required distance.

DEGREES OF WPN READINESS

4. There are four actions to be done as follows:
a. LOAD
b. ACTION
c. INSTANT
d. UNLOAD
LOAD. The rifle is in the loaded position when the magazine with rounds is
fixed, the gun is not cocked and the safety catch is applied.
ACTION. The rifles are in the action condition when the rifle is cocked, round
in the chamber, sight set at the required range and the safety catch applied.
INSTANT. The rifle is in the instant position when it’s filled with a magazine
containing rounds, round in the chamber and safety catch is open. The firer
looking to the front as the rifle is put on the shoulder and remains at 45 degrees
down.

UNLOAD. The rifle is unloaded when the safety catch is applied, no magazine
containing rounds and no rounds in the chamber.

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HOLDING, AIMING AND FIRING FROM ALL POSITIONS AK-47

AIM
1. Is to teach students holding, aiming and firing from all positions.
Reason: To enable students to know how to hold, aim and firing of the gun.
INTRODUCTION
2. Holding, aiming and firing has got four positions as follows:
a. Lying position
b. Kneeling position
c. Sitting position
d. Standing position
(1) Lying position
(a) Come to the position of attention, take one step forward and
adopt the lying position.
(b) Hold the rifle with two hands, the left hand holds the hand
guard and the magazine attached on the left hand.
(c) The right hand hold the pistol grip, ensure that the finger is
outside the trigger guard.

(2) Kneeling position.

(a) Kneel while you are looking at the target turn to the right and
put your left leg 30cm in front of the right leg toes, left leg point to the
target.
(b) Left hand holds the weapon fore grip or hand guard. Let your
elbow lean on the left knee while the elbow passes the knee a little bit
forward and the arm lean on the left flat part of the knee.
(c) With the use of the right hand, pull the stock butt into the
shoulder.
(d) Lean the body forward to achieve stability. Release all your
body muscles except the right hand grip hold. Don’t try to aim your
weapon by using any muscles.

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(3) Sitting position. In this stage we have to see the sitting position which
is the most comfortable shooting position of all the high position. It is used
when shooting from a bush or behind medium cover which does not enable a
soldier to lean his arms.

(4) Standing position. Standing position without any support requires an

extensive shooting training and the soldier has to practice dry firing before
achieving stability in the position.
The principle of the standing position waist support. This position can
be used if we have enough time to stand behind a cover or find
concealment. This position is more stable than the free military
position because of waist support used.
(a) The body is open naturally in a 60 degree to the target (the
distance between the legs is the shoulder width).
(b) The body and weapon weight is equal on both legs.
(c) The legs are straight and relaxed, enabling the upper part of the
body to move freely without causing the leg muscles any unnecessary
stress.
(d) Both right shoulder and right elbow are raised and as light
pressure pulls the butt to soldier.
(e) The left hand supports the rifle by holding the hand guard and
the magazine attached to it.
(f) The head is upright and the force is in the target direction.

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AIMING
3. Close one eye but not fully, look through the notch on the rear sight and centralize the
foresight tip on level with the top of the rear sight notch.

BREATHE CONTROL
4. There are two ways of controlling breath:
a. One out.
b. Two in deep
FIRING (ACTION IN RELEASING THE ROUNDS)
5. There are two trigger controls:
a. Trigger No.1 and trigger No. 2 then the third one the trigger is completely
squeezed, NO movement. The bullet passes to the aiming point.

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HOW THE RIFLE WORKS AND ITS STOPPAGES

AIM
1. Is to teach students how the rifle works, its stoppages and immediate actions.
INTRODUCTION
2. It is very important for a soldier to know how the rifle works and how to rectify
the stoppages if it happens.
HOW THE RIFLE WORKS
3. There are two actions of how the rifle works:
a. Forward action
b. Backward action
FORWARD ACTION
4. a. The first action is done with hand, by cocking and squeezing the trigger
which releases the hammer.

b. The hammer hits the rear part of the firing pin then the front part of the
firing pin strikes the primmer, the powder inside the bullet melts and
produces a gas which forces the head projectile to come out of the
cartridge and leave the muzzle followed by gas.
BACKWARD ACTION
5. a. After the head projectile have left the muzzle, some of the gas passes
through the gas vent and pushes the piston head, bolt carrier and returning
spring mechanism to the rear until it reaches the rear wall.

b. The ejector ejects out the empty cartridge from the side and the gun re-
cocks again assisted by the extractor that removes the round from the magazine
and feed the chamber.
STOPPAGES AND HOW TO RECTIFY
6. There are three stoppages which every soldier can rectify:
a. Empty magazine.
b. Misfire
c. Hard obstruction in the chamber
(1) Empty magazine – Is when the round is not in the magazine or
finished.
Remedy: Fix a magazine with rounds.
(2) Misfire, poor keeping of ammo/bullets

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Remedy: remove the round, check the primer, then fix the magazine
and re-cock.
(3) Hard obstruction in the chamber, when the cartridge has stuck
the chamber.
Remedy: Push a cleaning rod through the barrel.
STOPPAGES FOR TECHNICIAN
7. a. When the firing pin is broken
b. Trigger mechanism
c. RSM (Returning spring mechanism)
d. Barrel. Before you rectify the stoppage, make the NSP, then rectify the
stoppage and ensure the chamber is inspected.
NB: Every soldier must know how to rectify the stoppage if it happens.

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MARKSMANSHIP PRINCIPLES

AIM
1. To teach students the marksmanship principles to enable them to be proficient
marksmen.
REASON
2. At the end of this lesson students will be able to adopt the marksmanship
principles correctly.
INTRODUCTION
3. Before firing takes place, there must be rules that must be followed by the firer
before releasing the bullet. The rules/principles are called marksmanship principles and
if they are not followed properly, it will be difficult for the firer to get his target.
MARKSMANSHIP PRINCIPLE
4. There are four marksmanship principles namely:
a. The position and hold must be firm enough to support the WPN.
b. The rifle must naturally point to the target without any physical effort.
c. The sight alignment must be correct.
The Correct Sight Alignment

TGT

FORE
EYE REAR SIGHT
SIGHT
.

d. The short must be released and followed through without disturbing the
position or closing the operating eye.
(1) Before firing remember the two breath control:
(a) One out
(b) Two deep (2) Trigger control: There are two trigger
controls:
Trigger No: 1
Trigger No.2 then third one the trigger is completely squeezed, at that moment
the bullet passes at the aimed point.

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5. Let’s look at each principle in detail.
a. Position and hold
Grouping should always be in prone (Lying position). The aim here is a
maximum support. To do this, you must have stability.

Three parts of the body be in contact with the ground.

The left, right arm and chest.

(1) Left arm. The left elbow is brought as close as possible with the
forearm against the magazine.
This gives the rifle good support without too much effort. The hand
guards of is held lying across the hand with the fingers together but only
firm enough to control the rifle without gripping it tightly.

(2) Right arm. This is the controlling hand and is very important
factor in good shooting. The hand must be positioned high in the pistol
grip, with the skin between thumb and fore finger at the back of the
pistol grip. The grip must be firm pulling back to the shoulder but taking
care not to twist the rifle away from an upright position. The right
elbow’s position is determined after taking the correct right hand grip. It
should be one that does not cause the wrist to twist.

(3) Body. The muscle should be as relaxed as possible to avoid

tension. The left leg should be drawn upward until a stable
position is achieved. The lower part of the leg is parallel to line of fire
with the foot pointing outwards. By drawing up this leg, the body
weight is rolled to the left allowing easier breathing. The firer must find
the best position with his right leg to suit build.

(4) Head. The head must be upright but must not be pressed against
the butt. It should be at a position in which it can be maintained for each
shot.

(5) Eye relief. The distance between the eye and the RSM lock
should be about ½ inch. The straighter behind the rifle you lie the larger
the eye relief.
(6) Consistency. Until soldiers learn to adopt the same position and
hold regularly as mentioned above, their shooting will vary greatly on
each shot. Sand bags help develop the correct position but must be
removed as soon as possible.

b. Natural pointing. This second marksmanship principle requires the rifle

to point naturally at the target. So you must remember the rifle is a major part
of the firing position, so it’s your body on the hold what centres where the rife
points. After a firing position is taken up, if any physical effort is needed to
point the rifle at the target, it will result in the bullet being directed away from
the point of aim.
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This force takes place as the bullet is moving up the barrel and so the bullet is
pushed off and will not hit the point of aim.

Remember firers will never control the movement of the gun completely, but
should try to stop the differences in the normal weapon movement.
Soldiers may have to move their bodies to get the correct naturally pointing fire
positions.
c. Sight alignment (aiming). This means the four points must be lined up.
(1) The eye.
(2) The centre of the back sight
(3) The central point of the tip of the fore sight.
(4) The target.

d. Common mistakes are bad alignment of the top on the foresight, this
leads to a large group. Failure to get the fore sight central in the back sight.
Remember eye relief mentioned earlier is also important to help assist in
keeping correct sight picture. So a firer must keep the FORESIGHT IN CLEAR
FOCUS AT THE TIME THE SHOT IS FIRED AND UNTIL IT LEAVES THE
WEAPON.
Mistakes mainly occur where the firer selects a point of aim away from the
centre of the target, because concentration moves to the target not the
foresight.
e. Shot release and follow through.
To master the final marksmanship principles there are three main points
to work on. Breathe control, trigger operation and the follow through

Here we will look at each one by itself but remember all must be
combined when firing.
(1) Trigger operation. During the pause in breathing, the trigger
must be operated without disturbing the position, the hold or the sight
alignment. The trigger of a rifle has two pressures.
To do this, ensure the right hand hold is correct making sure the trigger
fingers location is correct. Take up any slack pressure beginning to aim.
Then operate trigger by gently pressing and not snatching it.

(2) Follow through. Firer’s can move position when the trigger
action is being operated this can cause the shot to be
misplaced. To stop this when a shot is fired, the trigger must be held to
the rear the firer’s eye must stay open and he must watch any movement
to the foresight.

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The movement is usually is an upward and down ward direction and is
the firers hold and position, is correct the sight will normally settle on or
close to the point of aim.
CONCLUSION
These principles take time and needs practice to achieve but once mustered, the firer
will get his target correctly and effectively.

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GROUPING ZEROING THEORY

GROUPING

1. Grouping is a point of pattern by 3 or more rounds made on the target or

gathered together at the same points of aim (POA) whether bull or anywhere on the
target.

TYPES OF GROUPING

2. a. Long vertical group

(1) Fore sight not centred in a picture from top to bottom.
(2) Fore not centred on the same aiming point for all shots
(3) Poor control of breathing.
(4) Riffle not arranged the firer has to force the riffle into the aim
and use muscle to hold it∙.
•

b. Wide horizontal Group;-

(1) Fore sight not centred in the picture from side to side.
(2) Fore sight not centred on the same aiming from side to side
(3) Firer is weak shaking and flinch
(4) Riffle not well prepared (arranged).
(5) Using support at side of the riffle but rested at different point for
each Shot.
• • •

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c. High left stung out-up and next
(1) Not following through i.e. rifle moved out of the aim.
(2) Pulling right shoulder to the rear, flinching or blinking.
(3) Releasing trigger top soon-transmits alert to the riffle.

•
•
•

d. Low Right Sting out

(1) Firer snatching the trigger.
(2) Left hand pushing to the right at the moment of firing.
(3) If kneeling or sitting - left elbow slipping down the leg.

•
•
•

e. Close group Displaced anywhere

(1) Rifle not zeroed.
(2) Rifle not aligned.

•
•
•

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f. Splint group
(1) Focusing the aiming mark and fore sight for successive shorts
(2) Rifle not aligned.
(3) Dwelling on the aim.
(4) Changing the position between shorts especially the left elbow.

•
•

g. Low stung out

(1) Right shoulder pushing forward anticipating recoil.
(2) High right and strung put-help the short forward in the situation
of firing but kneeling the pistol grip with the right hand.

•
•
•

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h. Six o’clock stung out
(1) Firer has not tested and adjusted his pistol aligned with the target
for elevation.
(2) Using the support under the riffle battle tested on different point
for each shot.

• •
•

•
• •

j. Close group low left/right

(1) Riffle not zeroed correctly.
(2) Sight not upright fitted.

• •
• • • •
•

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k. Vertical pattern - Rounds falling in a lining up or down.
(1) Changing eye relief.

•
•
•

•
•

l. Diagonal Group
(1) Diagonal advantage of diagonal group when your head is not upright. In
constant hold by trigger or hand.

• •
• •
• •
• •

m. Tight Group;
(1) Sight can be now be adjusted to correct zeroing point (CZP) to
above position.
••
••
•••
•••

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n. Main point of Impact (MIP)

(1) Is the centre of grouping.

(2) To get the centre of group we should measure the point of aim to
the target to where bullets fall.

••••
••••

● ●●●
●●●●

d. Culminating Point:
Is the highest point where the round falls.

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Wash out
Inner
Bull ZEROING
TARGET

Outer
Outer

One square equals to one full turn.

ZEROING
3. Zeroing is the removing of the MPI (main point of impact) to where you want
your rounds to fall known as the CZP (correct zeroing point).
Zeroing is always done when the weapon fail to get the target when doing zeroing do
the following;-

a. All small weapons should be zeroed at 25 metres which is equal to

firing range of 200m to 400m on the maximum range.

b. Weapon sights must be set in 200m

c. Weapon like AK 47 LMG 56 are corrected into the error
d Weapon like G.3 SLR is corrected away from the error.
e. Any weapon must be cleaned before and after use.

BATTLE SHOOTING (MAXIMUM USE OF TARGET AREA

OCCUPATION)
4. a. The shorter the distance, the smaller the group.
b. The longer the distance, the larger the group
c. The theory of a group increases from the firer to the target because of
the distance.

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100m
200m

300m
FACTORS WHICH AFFECT FIRING 400m
5. a. Breathe control.
b. Trigger operation.
c. Bad zeroing
d. Bad coaching
e. Mild wind
f. Fresh wind
g. Strong wind
h. Sunshine
ZEROING TOOLS
7. a. Elevation tools - fore sight tip.
b. Clamp - fore sight base knob.
c. Accessory tube box
d. Screw
e. Pull through
RANGE RULES
8. a. No smoking at the range ground.
b. No shouting.
c. Unnecessary movements are not allowed.
d. Ask permission when leaving the range ground.
e. Raise up your hand in case of stoppage.
f. Red flag – danger
g. Green flag – clear/peace
h. Collecting of empty cartridges.
j. Inspection of arms
l. “DECLARATION”
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DRY FIRING

INTRODUCTION
1. A soldier must achieve a group which will not more than 2cm.
The range is 25m, the soldier will work in pairs, and one holds the disk while others
taken aim.
PRINCIPLES ARE AS FOLLOWS
2. a. Correct hold.
b. Correct aim.
c. Correct trigger pull.
TO AIM CORRECTLY WE USE THE PARTS AS FOLLOWS
3. a. Front sight (post)
b. Rear sight (U-notch)
AIM RULES
4. a. Identify the target.
b. Close your non shooting eye. (Eye not aiming)
c. Choose the aiming point.
d. Bring the edge of the post into the middle of the notch in the rear sight
while the weapon balance and stable.
REACTIONS ARE
5. a. Eye blinking.
b. Pushing the shoulder forward to stop the recoil.
SUMMARY
7. a. Questions from the students.
b. Repeat.
c. Aim rule.
d. Aim errors (seen and unseen).

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CHARACTERISTICS, DESCRIPTION AND NORMAL SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS – RPG 7V

INTRODUCTION

1. The RPG 7V 40mm was made in Bulgaria in the year 1972. It started being
utilized and tested in the Middle East war in the year 1974.

CHARACTERISTICS (HOW THE WEAPON IS OPERATED)

2. The RPG 7V is used by two Infantry soldiers.
a. RPG NO:1 His work is to carry the weapon and operates it.
b. RPGNO:2 . His work is to carry the bombs (spares) and load the bombs on
the weapon.
c. RPG is a support weapon right from the section, platoon, coy and Bn.
CAPABILITIES (ABILITIES OF GETTING ACCURATE TARGETS AT
DIFFERENT RANGES)
3. a. A well trained solider (experienced) can fire 4-5 Bombs per minute.
b. It is capable of destroying concrete defence.
c. It is capable of destroying ships, Tanks, APCs, fuel deposits and building.
d. It is capable of destroying weapons hidden behind the wall.
e. It is capable of hitting stationed targets up to 500 metres.
f. It can destroy moving targets up to 350 metres.
g. Its back blast danger area (BBDA) is 10 metres.
h. Danger area is 40 metres.

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TECH DATA (THE DESIGNED BOMB AND SPECIFIC BEHAVIOUR
AT GETTING TARGETS)
4. a. Caliber – 40mm.
b. Length of Launcher 950mm.
c. Length of bomb with powder charge -925mm.
d. Effective range is 500 metres
e. Maximum range is 1800 metres
f. Weight of the bomb is 2.2 Kgs
g. Length of the bomb is 640mm.
h. Muzzle velocity is 120-300 metres/ second.
j. Length of the head of the bomb is 25 mm.
k. Optical sight is 0.52 Kgs.
l. Weight of launcher with optical sight is 6.3 Kgs
m. Weight of optical sight in its bag is 0.95 Kgs.
n. weight of the launcher is 5.35 Kgs.
DESCRIPTION (MAJOR COMPONENTS OF WEAPON BUILD)
5. The RPG is divided into four (04) main parts.
a. Body with mechanical open sight.
b. Firing trigger mechanism with safety lock
c. Striker mechanism.
d. The optical sight.

p h e l m o

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d
f
q
s

g c

a
j
k
n
b
r

OTHER PARTS
6. a. Belt with cases.
b. Shoulder strap
c. Disk
d. Big tube.
e. Small tube
f. Calibre
g. Trigger and trigger guard
h. Safety lock
j. Cocking lock
k. Firing pin
l. Mechanical rear sight
m. Mechanical fore sight.
n. Pistol grip
o. Obstructing rings
p. The index screw notch
q. Wooden heat shield

.
TRIGGER MECHANISM

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7. This is the part that makes the launcher to be under safety precautions. It contains
the following:
a. Body
b. Hammer
c. Safety lock
d. Blocking spur.
e. Trigger lever
f. Rod with returning spring
NORMAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (NSP)
8. a. The weapon should not be carried when it’s loaded in a safe area, e.g.
camp or barracks.
b. Do not load the weapon when you are not ready to fire.
c. Do not accept a loaded weapon from your superior or fellow soldier.
d. Do not put the RPG/Bombs near fire.
e. Ensure the BBDA is clear before firing the RPG 7V.

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STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING, CARE AND CLEANING RPG 7V

INTRODUCTION
1. It is necessary to all users to know that the weapon and spare parts are in good
condition and must be used without any error though you give order to fire, the wpn must
be used without any problem because of bad care.
STRIPPING OF RPG 7V (SEPARATING PARTS)
2. For care and cleaning it is very important to strip the wpn in proper sequence.
REASONS FOR STRIPPING
3. a. During cleaning
b. Changing spare parts
c. During training
d. During lubrication
REGULATIONS OF STRIPPING
4. a. The wpn should not be stripped daily to avoid the loss of parts.
b. Use the real tools for stripping the RPG 7V.
c. Excessive force and forceful knocking are forbidden.
d. The wpn must be stripped on a clean place such as table, ground sheet
etc.
e. The supervision must be under the sec comdr.
TOOLS USED WHEN STRIPPING
5. a. Screw driver (PISIPISI)
b. Punch (TINDO)
c. Accessory tube (KIJARUBA)
d. Piece of wood (KIUBAO)
HALF STRIPPING
6. a. Half stripping to be done during the time for inspecting the wpn.
(1) Front cover and rear cover.
(2) Firing trigger mechanism.
(3) Striker mechanism.
ASSEMBLING AFTER HALF STRIPPING
7. The last thing to be stripped is the first thing to be replaced when assembling i.e.
vice-versa.

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FULL STRIPPING
8. After knowing the half stripping, there is need to know the full stripping and is
as follows:
a. Remember the half stripping.
b. Cock the weapon
c. Remove cocking hammer
d. Remove trigger
e. Remove the safety catch
f. Remove the locking pins
g. Remove the hand grip covers
h. Remove obstructing rings
j. Remove wooden heat shield.
CLEANING
9. a. Daily cleaning
b. After firing
c. Before firing
CLEANING MATERIALS USED
10. a. Flannelettes
b. Big brush, hard brush and soft brush.
c. Oil bottle
d. Cleaning rags
e. Ground sheet
f. Cleaning rod
CLEANING FOR ABNORMAL CONDITION
11. a. Damp or humid condition –plenty of oil to avoid rust.
b. Dry sandy or dusty conditions, no oil – if used to remove rust, the rifle
must be dried out again soldiers must constantly be looking for rust.

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LOAD, UNLOAD, AND SIGHT SETTING (RPG 7V LAUNCHER)

INTRODUCTION
1. Every soldier should be equipped with knowledge on how to load, unload and
sight set the RPG 7V launcher.
PROCEDURE OF TAKING THE BOMB FROM THE GROUND
2. a. RPG NO:1 and NO:2 will come to attention and move one step forward.
RPG NO:1 will bend and pick the weapon from the ground and
place/put it on his shoulder. He will then move one step backwards and stand at
ease waiting for the order to load.
b. LOADING (RPG NO: 1)
(1) RPG NO: 1 will lock the safety catch/lock.
(2) RPG NO: 1 will gently pat at the back of RPG NO:2 and give
him the command to load.
(3) RPG NO:1 will hold the hand guard with the right hand, the left
hand on the piston hand grip.
(4) NO:2 RPG will remove the front and the rear covers from the
tube.
(5) NO:1 RPG will straighten his left hand to where the barrel starts
in order to assist RPG NO:2 lead the bomb in the weapon.
(6) RPG NO: 1 will adjust the required range or set the sight.
WORK OF RPG NO: 2 ON LOADING
(1) He will acknowledge the order of command “Load”.
(2) He will check and remove the safety cup and connect the powder
charge to the bomb.
(3) He will fix the bomb into the barrel with the assistance of RPG
NO:1. He will adjust the bomb until it fits in the right position/index
screw notch on the tube. After that he will check that NO:1 RPG is ready
to fire the weapon.
SIGHT SETTING
3. a. Setting of the RPG folding rear sight or mechanical rear sight is very
important to a solider to know so that he can operate it effectively.
b. Erect the rear sight slide. Move the folding mechanical sight slide
catch/ramp until the front edge is in line with the index.
c. Set the folding mechanical rear sight with odd numbers from 200-500
metres. But you set according to required range.
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UNLOAD (BY NO: 1 RPG)
5. a. He will pat NO:2 and give him the command to unload
b. He will make sure that the safety catch is in the safe position.
c. The right hand must hold the weapon at the trigger mechanical hand
guard.
UNLOAD (RPG NO: 2)
6. a. He will acknowledge the command of NO: 1 to unload.
b. He will move forward in two steps in order to get the position of
unloading the bomb.
c. He will hold the bomb by the left hand where the barrel begins. The
right hand will hold the bomb in the middle and starts un serving until it moves
out of the notch.

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HOLDING, AIMING AND FIRING RPG 7V

INTRODUCTION
1. It is very important for any soldier to be trained and equipped with the
knowledge of holding, aiming and firing the RPG launcher.

WAYS OF HOLDING, AIMING AND FIRING RPG 7V LAUNCHER;

2. There are three (03) ways of holding, aiming and firing RPG launcher. These
includes:

a. Standing position.
b. Kneeling position
c. Lying position;
STANDING POSITION
3. a. RPG No. 1 will place the launcher on the shoulder with wooden heat
shield adjusted on the firer’s check.

b. The firer should stand on the line of firing with his right leg behind a bit.
The leg must be one step forward/in front so that he can get the support at the
time of firing the gun.

c. The right elbow should be directly on the right side of the body but
under control. The left hand and elbow should be tightly fixed a against the
firer’s chest. The weapon should be hold firmly with support.

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.KNEELING POSITION

4. Kneel down with the right leg resting on the ground horizontally and sit on that
leg. You proceed with the loading action and other drills that are conducted while firing
the weapon.

LYING POSITION

5 a. Lie down with your body inclined a little bit. Hold the launcher
properly with support.

b. The elbow of both hands should be firm on the ground and the two legs
crossing to the left of the body

c. The firer’s check must be laid against the wooden heat shield. The head
should be in a position that will allow the eye to get the correct sight alignment.

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NB; when aiming target, it is necessary to aim in front of the target

approximately 3-5 meters at 100 meters for the target that moves at 40 km P.H.

For targets moving at 40kmph at a range of 300 meters, the firer should aim 5-10
meters in front of the target.

POINT TO NOTE WHEN FIRING

6. The firer should remember the two breath control. Open the safety lock and fire
the weapon by squeezing the trigger smoothly without disturbing the aiming.

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HOW THE GRENADE WORKS (RPG 7V 40MM)

INTRODUCTION
1. The RPG wpn is used with two types of bombs.
a. Gas high explosive (GHE)
b. Plastic gas. (PG)
AIM
2. Is to teach the students all the parts of the RPG bomb and how they function.
3. The RPG 7V bomb has main parts and every part has its own work. The bomb
is divided into four major parts and they are:
a. Front part
b. Fuse
c. Power Engine
d. Powder charge
DESCRIPTION OF PARTS OF THE BOMB
4. a. Front fuse
b. Safety cup
c. Front part
d. Index screw
e. Burner group
f. Turbines
g. Propellers
h. Powder Engine
j. Tube.
k. Powder charge
l. Primer (percussion cup)
m. Rear fuse

a. Front fuse.
m l j k e f g d c h a b b. Safety cup/percussion
cup.
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c. Insulating ring.
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d. Index screw.
e. Burner (Jet engine).
f. Propeller Shafter.
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FRONT PART
5. Its work is to gather enough electric power to hit or burn the tgt. It has the
following parts:
a. Body
b. Insulating ring
c. Current conducting cone
d. The bursting charge (prezo-element). This is the charge when in
connection with pyro-delay, that explodes if the bomb misses the tgt.

FUSE (SOURCE OF ENERGY)

6. There are two types of fuses:
a. Front use
b. Rear fuse
(1) Front use. This fuse makes the bomb to explode after it has met
the tgt. At the time of the prezo-element coming in contact with the tgts,
it reacts and produces a high rate of electricity element. The electricity s
not produced because of the bomb meeting only hard or heavy tgts, but
also very small and light tgts can make it to be produced. Its work is to
engineer the bomb to explode and destroy.

(2) Rear Fuse. Its work is to send electricity from behind and to
cause the explosion which later sends the electricity to the front part of
the prezo-element. And it later makes the bomb sensitive that it can
explode at any time. So it is that togetherness of the electricity caused by
the two fuses that makes both the inner and outer circulated whereby the
outer circulation is on the firing body and the inner one is on the current
conducting.
POWER ENGINE

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7 In the RPG bomb, there is an explosive that is put in the engine. It is called
the burner group or jet engine. It has six turbines which start the grenade launcher and
this is the one that increases the speed of the bomb.
The powder charge
8. This covers most of the parts in the bomb to enable them explode at any time as
required. It has the following parts.
a. Tube
b. Burner group (Jet engine) 6 turbines
c. Pyro-delay
d. Powder
e. Fixer and washer
THE POWDER CHARGE
9. Its work is to take the bomb at 120m per sec it has the guiding fins (propellers)
of the Nitro glycerine type. It was put in a tube made of a hard paper and put in a box
to protect it from exploding if it is mishandled or if the bomb drops down and knocks
the ground.
The work of guiding fins. The guiding fins are connected to the powder engine. Their
work is to direct the bomb in a straight line from the launcher to the target.

HOW THE BOMB FUNCTIONS

10. a. Press the trigger
b. The hammer hits the firing pin
c. Firing pin hits the primer.
d. Explosion of primer passing current to powder engine.
e. The current passes through the paths (wire) to explode powder charge in
the engine.
f. The explosion of powder charge breaks the cardboard case and the
current continues from behind and later ignites the flutter.
g. The bomb is thrown out of the barrel.
h. During the explosion, the strong gas passes through the turbines.
j. The shell of the propellant charge is ejected behind
k. The propellers are released from the powder charge. This is done in 15-
18m distance from the point of departure.
l. So during firing, the firer must take note that there is no obstacle to the
gun within the range of 10m. And the barrel should not rest against anything.

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m. After the bomb has been thrown out of the barrel, the pyro-delay starts
burning slowly from behind to the front part of the bomb. It was made
with timings that when the bomb misses the tgt then the pyro-delay shall
reach the prezo-element and activate it to cause the bomb to explode before it
lands.
n. At the time of the bomb meeting the tgt it shall be at the speed of 300m
per sec. This speed contributed to the weight of the Bomb to the total of 1300
Kgs.
o. At the same time, at the time of bomb coming in contact with the tgt, it
shall have gathered a high rate of heat totalling to 2000°c.

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HOW THE WEAPON (RPG 7V) WORKS AND MISFIRE DRILLS

AIM
1. To teach students how the weapon works and the misfire drills
HOW THE RPG-7V WORKS
2. a. Sequence of operation
(1) The trigger is pressed releasing the hammer which forces the
firing pin out of its recess and into the launcher.
(2) Firing pin strikers the primer and retracts into its recess.
(3) Primer is ignited and in turn ignites the initial booster.
(4) The round is forced out of the launcher.
(5) The sustainer motor ignites at approximately 11 metres.
(6) Spring loaded fins are released and the round spins in an anti-
clockwise direction.
(7) The round which has a prozo fuse detonates when the nose of
round is crushed against an inner skin producing voltage.

NB:
The use of an initial booster reduces the amount of back -blast
STOPPAGES
3. It is very important for every soldier/an officer to be equipped with thorough
knowledge of how to rectify the stoppages of the wpn. The following are the factors
that cause stoppages of the wpn.
a. Poor maintenance of the weapon will result in the weapon not to work.
b. When the weapon is dirty.
c. When the bomb is not inserted in the correct position
d. When firing pin is faulty.
e. If the primer is faulty.
MISFIRE DRILLS
4. a. Drill when a weapon fails to fire.
(1) NO:1 calls out “ Misfire”
(2) Remains pointing at the target for 30 second.
(3) Re-cock, re-aim and re-fire
NB: Throughout this sequence, NO:2 remain in his normal firing position.

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b. Action if a round fails to fire again;
(1) NO: 1 place safety catch to safe.
(2 NO:1 commands “Misfire unload”.
(3) NO:2 removes the round and checks to see if the primer has been
struck.
(4) If the primer has been struck, then the round is t be placed in a
safe area where it can be destroyed at the earliest possible time.
NB: NO: 2 does not remove the propellant charge.
c. Action if primer has not been struck.
(1) NO:1 pushes up on the base of the firing pin and looks into the
launcher to see if the firing pin projects into it.
(2) If it does not then another launcher will be required and the
faulty one sent to the armoury man for repair. The launcher should be
tagged with the nature of the fault.
(3) If the firing pin does project into the launcher, then it is possible
that the indexing screw on the round was not seated fully into the
indexing screw notch. Check the notch to see that it is free of dirt and
damage.

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THE OPTICAL SIGHT OF RPG 7V (40MM)

INTRODUCTION

1. The optical sight of RPG 7v 40M rocket launcher has internal data setting with
an illuminator. It is used on the 40mm rocket launcher for the purpose of direct aiming
and effective firing at enemy tanks, armoured vehicles and reinforced concrete
fortification in the range of 100M
to 500M. The sight consists of:

a b c e f d

a. Body with carrier

b. Optical system
c. Regulating system
d. Lighting system
e. Eye shade
f. Force head piece.
BODY WITH CARRIER
2. a. Consists of
(1) Sight carrier of sight brackets
(2) Screw or nuts
THE OPTICAL SYSTEM
3. a. The optical system of the sight consists of:
(1) The protective glass
(2) The objective glass
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(3) The prism glass
(4) The retical glass
(5) The ocular glass
(a) The protective glass
Its work is to protect the glass to avoid dust, water, dew etc.
(b) The objective glass
Its work is to permit the shape of the image of the object but the
object cannot be seen well because it must be up-side down.
(c) The prism glass
Its work is show the object correctly.
(d) The Recital glass. The target is imaged from the recital
through the protective glass and erecting prism thereby
permitting easy observation, measurement and aiming.

(e) The Ocular glass. Its work is to bring one eye close to
see the image in the whole field of view.

b. Regular system. The regulating system is used when the air temperature
falls below or above Zero degrees centigrade.

c. Lighting system. Its work is to light inside the recital at night time, and
it consists of:
(1) Universal cell (Battery)
(2) Cell case
(3) Light holder
(4) Bulb
(5) Switch
(6) Battery power supply
(7) Support and spring
d. Eye shape. It is an eye guard shielding the stray lights in other
directions for obtaining a good observation condition.

e. Fore head piece. The fore head piece for protecting the eye from being
injured when firing the gun.

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INSIDE PARTS OF AN OPTICAL SIGHT

Objective glass Retical

A B C D

Protective glass Prism glass Ocular glass

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CHARACTERISTICS, DESCRIPTION AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS -
PISTOL

INTRODUCTION
1. All pistols are personal weapons and were made in various countries such as
Russia, China, Germany, USA etc. They are mainly used in spy missions for surprising
the enemy and kill him. They are used in close combat fight. A pistol is simple and
easy to carry, normally carried on sides of hips. There are many types of pistols (254
types) of which our emphasis is laid on star pistol (Tokara pistol). It is carried in its
bag (HOLSTIN).

Fore sight tip Burrell bushing

Muzzle
Ejector opening Slide stop. Retains

Trigger guard Trigger

Rear notch
Hammer slide Magazine catch

CHARACTERISTICS (STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND

BEHAVIOURS OF TOKARA PISTOL)
2. The Tokara pistol was made in Russia in 1930 and has the following
characteristics:
a. It has a calibre of 7.62mm or 7.63mm.
b. It is magazine fed
c. It’s a blow back operated pistol
d. It’s a semi automatic weapon.
e. The weight of the weapon is 1 pound and 15 ounces.
f. The overall length of the pistol is 7-11 inches.
g. The magazine velocity is 8 rounds.
h. The effective range is 25m.
j. The maximum effective range is 50m.

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CAPABILITIES (HOW IT’S FUNCTION AT DIFFERENT RANGES)
3. a. It can fire 8 rounds in 10-15 seconds.
b. A well trained soldier can fire 30 rounds P/Minute.
c. Effective range is 25M.
DESCRIPTION
4. A pistol is divided into two main parts:
a. The slide upper part.
b. The body (where the slide lies)
The slide
a. The slide comprises of the following parts:
(1) The firing pin
(3) Rear notch
(4) Fore tip
(5) Spring with spring and recoil spring retainer.
(6) The barrel
(7) Slide stop
(8) Slide stop retainer
(9) Firing pin retainer pin
(10) Extractor pin
(11) Barrel bushing
The body
b. It comprises of:
(1)The hammer
(2)The rear pin
(3) Pistol grip.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

5. Safety precautions are always carried out before and after use of a pistol to
avoid accidents.
How to carry out safety precautions: A pistol has no safe and therefore in order to carry
out safety precautions; do the following:
a. . Press the magazine catch and remove the magazine.
b. Pull the slide making sure the weapon is facing down the finger outside
the trigger guard.

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STRIPPING AND ASSEMBLING A PISTOL

INTRODUCTION
1. a. The pistol is stripped when there is stoppages, cleaning and lubricating
the working parts for daily maintenance.
b. Before stripping is done you must carryout Nsp and make sure the gun is
safe.

STRIPPING (SEPARATING OF PARTS OF A PISTOL)

2. a. Ground sheet is essential
b. First carry out safety precautions as in 4 above.
c. Make sure the hammer mechanism is down.
d. Use the magazine to remove the slide stop retainer clip.
e. Remove the slide top.
f. Remove the spring from the slide.
g. Remove the barrel pushing by turning it half clock-wise or anti-clock
wise
h. Remove the barrel by making the barrel link lie down.
j. Separate the hammer mechanism from the body (or its house).

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ORDER OF PARTS STRIPPED
3. a. Magazine
b. Slide stop.
c. Spring
d. Barrel pushing
e. Barrel
f. Slide
g. Hammer mechanism
h. Body.
ASSEMBLING
4. During assembling process, the last to be stripped is the first to be assembled.
The assembling process proceeds as follow:

a. Replace the hammer mechanism into the body.

b. Replace the barrel into the slide.
c. Place back the barrel pushing
d. Place back the spring making sure that the curved end of the spring base
lies at the barrel when inside slide.
e. Make sure the barrel link is first up when putting the spring.
f. Replace the slide back on the body. Taking the rails into account.
g. Fix the slide stop.
h. Cock and fire if it fails, then the most likely problem is the spring
alignment.
STRIPPED PARTS OF STAR PISTOL

Barrel bursting
Spring
Barrel

Fore sight tip

Extractor pin
Firing pin
retainer pin
Rear notch
Sear
Hummer
Slide stop
Magazine

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DEGREES OF WEAPON READINESS

LOAD
1. A loaded pistol is one with a magazine of round in, hammer in upright position
and no rounds in the chamber.
ACTION
2. The weapon is in action condition when it has:
a. It has magazine of rounds in.
b. Hammer down
c. Round in chamber
d. Pistol pointing 45 degrees down from the ground.
INSTANT (EXPECTING ENEMY TIME)
3. The rifle is in the instant position when it’s filled with a magazine containing
rounds, round in the chamber, and the safety catch is open, the firer looking in font, and
pistol pointing 45° down.
UNLOAD
4. The weapon is in unloading action when:
a. There is no magazine of round on the pistol.
b. The hammer is down
c. There is no round in the chamber.
HOLDING AND AIMING
5. Holding:
There are different shooting positions and below are some.

a. Weaver
b. Isosceles Holding styles

c. Horse riding stance

d. Kneeling position
e. Sitting position
Holding positions
f. Lying position
g. Standing position

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AIMING
6. Align the rear notch and the fore sight tip i.e. shoulders of the notch.

Notch (rear notch)

Tip (Fore tip)

When the pistol is fired, it tends to move down therefore when aiming.

Aiming location

Bull

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PK/MPMG MACHINE GUN 80

INTRODUCTION
THE PURPOSE OF 7.62MM MPMG
1. The machine gun MPMG (Multi Purpose Machine Gun) was designed to
destroy enemy manpower at a range of 2000m.
2. To destroy enemy equipment assembled area at a range of 1000m.
3. To destroy enemy lift armour targets at a range of 500m.
4. It is also designed to indicate enemy targets.

PERFORMANCE OF 7.62MM MPMG TYPE 80 MACHINE GUN

5. a. The machine gun MPMG type is a major automatic weapon of infantry
units, primarily used in the role of a heavy machine gun with an effective range
up 1000m.
b. When used as a light machine gun, the weapon had an effective
range up to 800m.
c. It can also be used for anti craft fire and other air targets like
paratroopers.
d. The weapon is used in conjunction with a tripod mount when used as
heavy machine gun and with bipods when used as light machine gun.
e. The weapon fire different types of 7.62 x 54mm cartridge and is
provided with a metallic link belt of 100 and 200 rounds.

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FEATURES OF 7.62MM MPMG
6. a. The weapon is capable of handling multiple missions.
It can be used in the role of heavy machine gun for anti air craft fire and used in
role of light machine gun.
b. The weapon is easy to operate, can be set up in different terrain and
change quickly from one position to another.
c. The weapon is simple in construction and convenient to handle.
d. The weapon is small in weight and size and convenient to carry.
e. Stamped welded components are more so economy in production.
f. The weapon is dust proof and its mechanism function reliably.
PRINCIPAL DATA (CHARACTERISTICS OF 7.62MM MPMG)
7. a. Caliber - 7.62mm
b. Muzzle velocity - 825m/p/sec
c. Rate of fire
(1) Cyclic - 700 – 800 rds p/min
(2) Automatic (short burst) - 250 rds p/min
d. Weight of complete gun - 12.6Kgs
e. Weight of the barrel - 7.6Kgs
f. Weight of tripod mount - 4.7Kgs
g. Length of the barrel without flash dominator - 605mm
h. Length of the complete gun - 1193mm
j. Length of the tripod mount
(1) In prone position - 1010mm
(2) Kneeling position - 690mm
k. Width of the tripod in minimum height of bore axis above the ground in
firing position
(1) Height of bore axis above the ground
(a) HMG (Heavy Machine Gun) - 350 – 650mm
(b) LGM (Light Machine Gun) - 300m
m. Maximum height of bore axis of the ground - 954mm
n. Capacity of ammunition box - 100 – 200 rds
o. Elevation (flat fire) - +20° - ˉ10°
p. Transverse (flat fires) - +30°

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THE STRUCTURE OF MPMG MACHINE GUN TYPE 80
8. The machine gun MPMG type 80 is divided into three main components and
these are:
a. Tri-pod mount
b. Machine gun body.
c. Accessories.
TRI-POD MOUNT COMPONENTS
9. a. Top carriage.
b. Leaf spring.
c. Ammunition box set.
d. Latch.
e. Traversing handle.
f. Lug.
g. Elevation handle.
h. Connector.
j. Support.
k. Limiting block handle.
l. Clamp.
m. Pintle.
n. Limiting block.
o. Toothed sleeve.

a b c d e f g h j k l m n o

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THE MACHINE BODY
10. The main body is divided into three main parts and these are:
a. Barrel group.
b. Gun sight.
c. Bolt group.

d e b a c h g f d k j a b l e

Butt group Body group Barrel group

f
h

BARREL GROUP CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS

11. a. Barrel. b. Fore sight assembly. c. Barrel handle.
d. Bi-pod mount. e. Muzzle brake pin. f. Bi-pod.
g. Gas cylinder tube. h. Locking grooves. j. Flash hider.
k. Gas cylinder adjusting block. l. Fore sling shivel.
THE GUN BODY CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS
12. a. Receiver cover. b. Bolt carrier assembly. c. Trigger.
d. Feed mechanism unit. e. Rear sight f. Metre ruler.
g. Barrel latch. h. Cocking Handle. j. Safety catch.
k. Trigger guard. l. Pistol grip. m. Feed cover.
n. Release mechanism. o. Returning spring mechanism (R.S.M)
p. Sear. r. Sear spring. s. Sear lever.
t. Bolt. u. Firing pin. v. Extractor.
w. Ejector. x. Piston. y. Piston Rings. z. Piston head.

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BUTT GROUP CONSISTS:
13. a. Small but. b. Big butt. c. But plate.
d. Shoulder rest. e. Shoulder rest spring.
f. Butt stock. g. Accessory house. h. Tool box.

DISASSEMBLING AND ASSEMBLING OF MPMG TYPE 80

MACHINE GUN
DISASSEMBLING
14. a. Check the chamber cartridge, set the bolt and slide group in the fore most
position.
b. Use only tool and accessories with the gun and do not knock with force.
c. Do not disassemble the revered, welded; rolled components apply this
layer of the riddle oil to components before reassembling the machine gun.
INCOMPLETE STRIPPING AND REASSEMBLY
15. a. Open the shoulder rest cover home with the thumb and remove the
accessories container.
b. Push the feed belt containing cartridges and place it in the
ammunition box.
c. Push forward the recoil spring guide retainer to disengage the guide
upwards.
d. Pull the rear ward cartridge gripper to bring the bolt and slide group
to the rear position and remove it upwards.
e. Rotate the bolt to align the firing pin with the slot on the bolt head to
remove the bolt forward.
f. Align the rear part of the firing pin, turn the bolt and remove the
firing pin.
g. Push the barrel lock to the left limiting pin, turn the barrel from the
receiver.
NB: Take good care of the barrel breech and never damage it, check the
machine gun for smooth functioning.
Assembling is the reverse of disassembling.
LOADING AND UNLOADING FEED BELT OF PK
16. Because of low spring tension in the links rounds can be loaded or unloaded by
hand.
LOADING
17. Hold the chain with your hand and insert in the round push until the trace
end of the chain is alligned with the cartridge mouth.

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UNLOADING
18. Hold a loaded link and pull the round rear ward until it’s out the link.
LOADING THE CHAIN IN THE MACHINE GUN
19. a. Open the feed cover, insert the chain in the feed block base and make sure
that the first cartridge is held by the extractor hook, close the feed cover.
b. Cock the gun and push forward the cocking handle for this case it means
that your weapon is loaded and ready for fire or operation.
FIRING
20. a. To fire a shot it is necessary to press the trigger making sure that the safety
catch is set to position fire.
b. Firing is automatic as long as the trigger is squeezed. To stop firing the
trigger should be released.
UNLOADING PROCESS AS FOLLOWS
21. a. Open the feed cover and withdraw the belt link out of the feed block by
opening the feed base.
b. Check the position of the moving parts if in rear ward or forward. If
found cock the gun and check whether there is ammunition or not in the
chamber, if any remove, if not push the breech block forward, close the feed
block or the feed cover. The machine gun is unloaded.

LOADING & UNLOADING

22. Before loading the machine gun, fill the belt, with cartridges, the machine
gun may be loaded by one of the three methods.
To load the machine gun by the first method, proceed as follows;
a. Turn the barrel handle left ward.
b. Open the top cover
c. Place the belt on the feed cover so that the rim of the first cartridge is
engaged by the feed extractor hooks.
d. close the top cover.
e. Set the safety lock at the fire position by turning its thumb piece
forward.
f. Pull the bolt carrier by the operating handles as far as to the rear as it
may go to cock it.
g. Push the operating handle forward as far as it goes.
If it is not necessary to open fire right after loading, set the safety lock at safe by
turning its thumb piece rearwards. This methodof loading is the simplest one.

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In loading the m/gby the second method, do not open the top cover. To load the
machine gun by the method, proceed as follows;
(1) Disengage the safety lock by turning its thumb piece forward.
(2) Pull the bolt carrier to the rear most position by the operating
handle to cock it;
(3) Push the operating handle forward as far as it will go.
(4) Hinge the shield, insert the belt top into the feed block opening
from the right side, and pull the belt as far to the left as it will go.

(5) Release the bolt carrier, having pressed the trigger. As a result,
the cartridges and the parts of the machine gun will attain the same
position as they do after closing the top cover in loading the machine
gun by the first method;
(6) Pull the operating handle forward as far as it will cock the bolt
carrier.
(7) Push the operating handle forward as far as it will go. Prior to
opening fire, set the m/g at safe to exclude accidental shots. The third
method of loading differs from the second one that the belt is inserted
into the feed block and then the bolt carrier is pulled rear ward for the
first time.
To unload the machine gun, proceed as follows;
(a) Set the m/g at safe by turning safety lock thumb piece
forward the bolt carrier will remain in the rear ward position until
cartridges in the belt are fired)
(b) Open the top cover;
(c) Remove the loaded belt from the feed cover and place it
into the ammunition box;
(d) Raise the feed cover and withdraw the remaining
cartridges;
(e) Disengage the safety lock by turning its thumb piece
forward;

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(f) Holding the bolt carrier by the operating handle, press the
trigger slowly and move it smoothly move the bolt carrier
forward;
(g) Close the top cover;
(h) Snap for checking (pull the bolt carrier rear ward to cock
at push the operating handle forward as far as it will go, and
release the recoiling system from the bent)
(j) Set the machine gun safe by turning its thumb piece
rearward.
The last cartridge in the belt is fired; the bolt carrier will remain in the
forward position.
In the case for unloading, it is necessary to open the top cover; remove
the belt from the feed cover, close the top cover, snap for checking, and
set the machine gun at safe.
FIRING
18. For firing exercise, the following preparation should be done;
a. Before fire
b. For fire
c. After fire
(1) Before firing.
This is normally done in the barracks, the requirements for firing be
arranged.
(2) For firing.
All materials for firing exercise be arranged such as ammos, target
boards etc.
(3) After fire.
After fire all eqpts be collected, return to the barracks, guns be cleaned,
greased if necessary, gun be packed into the boxes.

FIRING THE M/G

19. To fire the m/g the following should be done.
a. Set the gun in any position you may prefer i.e. prone, kneeling, sitting
and standing.

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b. Aim the machine gun using the sights i.e. rear sight and fore sight to the
targets.
c. Insert the cartridge belt into the receiver then change the gun to be ready
to fire.
d. Open the safety, then press the trigger by your finger (left or right) there
the bullet will leave to its flight if there is no any stoppage.
NB: immediately after fire, unlock the gun for clearance and close the safety normally
when firing is done, the gun be cleaned before returned to the armoury.

TYPES OF STOPPAGES
FAULTS CAUSE REMDY
1. Ammunition not pushed out a. Broken parts. a. Refer for repair.
belt. b. Broken bolt head. B Replace broken bolt head.
2. Breach bolt not locking in the Dirt Clean the gun replace
receiver, unlocking guiding is unlocking guide ring or refer it
faulty. for repair.
3. Breach bolt is not unlocking, Dirt Clean the gun or replace the
round is not chambered. unlocking guide ring.
4. Recoil spring damaged - Replace or refer for repair.
5. - Ammunition ramp damaged - - Replace or refer for repair.
- Ammunition not fed. - - Check the feed tray for
- Belt not correctly loaded. - placement.
- Feed pawls damaged. - - Load correctly ammo in the
- Recoil sleeve damaged. - chain.
- Feed chute damaged. - - Replace or refer for repair.
- Misfire effective ammo. - - Remove it.
- Firing pin damaged. - - Replace it or its spring or
reefer it for repair.
6. Empty case not extracted, Extractor broken. Replace bolt head.
Cartridge in the chamber. Remove the cartridge case or
refer it for repair.
7. Empty not ejected. Broken ejector feed tray Refer it for repair.
broken by the ejector.
8. Bolt carrier not retained by Sear broken breach bolt Refer it for repair.
sear. broken.

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60MM MOTAR
INTRODUCTION

501. 60 mm Mortar has got big fire power to SP an infantry Coy in all phases of war.
This weapon is used by infantry and is in the fire Platoon. The general description of 60
mm:

a. It has caliber of 60 mm.

b. It is an infantry SP Weapon.
c. 60 mm mortar can engage direct and indirect targets.
d. 60 mm Mortar is used from platoon level up words.
e. 60 mm Mortar is fired by inserting the bomb in the barrel.

AIM

502. The aim of this lesson is to teach Students the characteristics, Deployment. and
firepower of 60mm mortars.

CHARACTERISTICS

503. The characteristics of this weapon are divided into two categories namely:

a. Physical characteristics.
(1) Weight:
a) Base plate – 4.5 Kgs
b) Bipod – 8.8 Kgs.
c) Barrel – 5.5 Kgs
d) Sight – 1.8 Kgs.
e) Toolkit – Kgs.

b. Fire power characteristics

1). Rate of fire
a) Normal 5 – 15 rpm.
b) Rapid 15 – 20 rpm.
c) Intense 20 – 25 rpm.
2). Range
a) Maximum range is 2.5km.
b) Minimum range is 100m.

3). Elevation. 60 mm mortar can have the elevated from 45° to 85°.

4). Fire potential 60 mm can be employed to the three types of

bombs namely:

a) HE bombs.
b) Smoke bombs.
c) Illuminating bombs.

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5) Fragmentation 60 mm mortar’s kills within the radius of 20 m
and can inflict injuries up to the radius of 100 mm.

6). Flexibility. 60 mm mortar can give support through a traverse

angle of 6000m at the range of 2.5 km without change of base plate
position.

7). Visibility. This weapon can be used in any weather condition

sunny, rainy day or night provided all precautionary measures are
observed.

8). Limitation
a) Beaten Zone. The area beaten by a mortar bomb which
characterized as elliptical shape/ long and narrow.

b) Accuracy. Depends on aiming, weather and the amount

of charges in different bombs.

504. a. A section of 60 mm mortar has the following personnel:

(1) Section Commander – CPL.

(2) MOR Crew – 4 PTE.

c. One section of 60 mm mortar has got two pieces. Each piece is manned
by a crew of two persons. The section is commanded by a CPL.

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INTRODUCTION, CHARACTERISTICS, DESCRIPTION & NSP OF LMG 56

INTRODUCTION

1. a. The LMG (Light machine gun -56) with high accuracy, strong fire, simple
structure and being portable is very important weapon to infantry men.

b. It was made in China in the year 1956.

CHARACTERISTICS

2. There are five characteristics of LMG 566.

a, It is a chain fed weapon from the drum magazine.
b. It is a gas operated weapon.
c. Its an air cooled weapon.
d. Its an automatic weapon.
e. Its a harassing weapon.
CAPABIITIES
3. a. Its accurate up to 600 metres when fired from its bipod stand.
b. It can destroy enemy aircraft and paratroopers below he altitude of 500
metres.
c. It is a support weapon of a section.
d. It can shoot at the enemy at a rage of 100-400 meters accurately.
e. It can shoot at the enemy in large groups at 800 metres.
f. Its drum magazine contains 100 rds.

TECHNICAL DATA
4. a. Caliber 7.62 mm
b. Cartridge 7.62 mm X 39mm.
c. Weight 7.4 kgs
d. Fully loaded magazine 2.44kgs
e. Empty magazine 0.44 kgs
f. Length of a weapon 1..037 metres
g. Sight range 1000 metres
h. Effective range 800 metres
j. Maximum range 2160 metres
k. Cycle rate of fire 900 rounds per minute
l. Muzzle velocity 735 metres/ second
m. Short burst 2-3 rounds
n. Long burst 6-10 rounds
o. A well trained soldier can fire 150 rds per minute/continuous fire.

DESCRIPTION

4. The LMG 56 is divided into three main parts:

a. Barrel group
b. Body group
c. Butt group
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(1)The barrel group
Compensator, from sight assembly, gas block, bipod York, female gas,
hand guard, piston, male gas cylinder, fore sling shivel and barrel.

(2) The body group:

It consists of folded cocking handle, dust cover, bask sight, trigger and
trigger guard, magazine mounting bracket, pistol grip, body locking pins top cover,
feed block.

(3) The butt body:

It consists of small butt, rear sling shivel, big butt, butt plate and
accessory tube.

PIERCING /PENETRATION
6. a. The LMG -56 uses three types of bullets:
(1) Regular bullet.
(2) Amour piercing incendiary shell/bullet
(3) Tracer bullet.

b. When the target is at 100m, the gun can penetrate as follows:

(1) Metal r steel plate ¼ inch 0r 6mm.
(2) Brick wall 6 inches or 15cm.
(3) Wooden plate/timber 19 inches or 40-60cm.
(4) Earth heap 12 inches or 30 cm.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

7. a. Carry out the normal safety precautions when getting the gun from the
armory.
b. When handing it over to/taking from a soldier.
c. At the beginning and ending of every lesson.

NB: You are not allowed to point at any one with a gun whether it s loaded or not.

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SUBJECT : SKILL AT ARMS
CODE : SAA - 08
LESSON : STRIPPING, AND ASSEMBLING OF LMG 56

INTRODUCTION

1. a. The gun can be stripped when there are stoppages.

b. When cleaning and lubricating the working parts for daily maintenance.
c. Before stripping is done, you must carry out the normal safety precautions
and
make sure that the gun is safe.
d. You must have a ground sheet e.g. poncho/table.

TYPES OF STRIPPING

2. There are two types of stripping:

a. Field elementary stripping can be done by any soldier.

b. Full stripping can be done by armory technician.

STRIPPING

3. a. Carry out Normal safety precautions.

b. Remove the drum magazine.
c. Remove the sling rifle.
d. Remove the cleaning rod.
e. Remove the accessory tube.
f. Open the top cover.
g. Remove the top cover.
j. Remove the returning spring mechanism.
j. Remove the trigger mechanism.
k. Separate the bolt group from the bridge block.
l. Then separate the locking flanges from the bolt.

ASSEMBLING
4. The last part to be stripped out is the first when assembling the gun i.e. vice-
versa.
Bridge Block consists of:

5. a. Piston head
b. Piston neck
c. Piston rings
d. Bolt house
e. Bolt
f. Flanges
g. Firing pin
h. Hummer
j. Flanges house.

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RSM CONSIST OF

6. a. Tappet
b. Long spring
c. Short spring
d. Guide tube
e. Guide rod.

CARE OF ARMS

7. Care of arms is an important duty of every soldier or fighter. Once concrete

reason is for preparation against war and an effective means to prevent occurrence of
malfunctions. Therefore we must do as follows:

a. Keep the weapon always in a good state by constant cleaning, checking

and preventing damage and rust.
b. Keep weapon away from dirt.
c. During the intervals of fighting and after drilling or handling, the gun
should be cleaned and inspected in time, clean the gun especially the barrel
and the gas block.

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CHAIN FILLING, UNFILLING, SIGHT SETTING AND DEGREES OF
WEAPON READINESS OF LMG 56

INTRODUCTION

1. Chain filling, un filling, load and unload of the LMG-56 is a very important to a
soldier to know so that he can operate the gun without disturbance.

CHAIN FILLING

2. When filling the chain you must do the following:

a. Hold fire round with the right hand, the tip of the round point the body.
b. Hold the chain with the left hand, fix the round into the chain and you push it
until it fits in the right position.
c. Fill the chain with 100 rds and put it in the drum magazine.

UN FILLING

3. Lift up the round one after the other from the chain until 100 rounds are finished
from the chain.
b. Te sight or leaf is divided into two sides or parts:

SIGHT SETTING
4. a. The battle sight setting is the lowest setting when the ramp is fully to the rear
and can be set according to the required range.
b. The sight or lift is divided into two sides or parts.
(1) Upper or Top sight at 50 yrds.
(2) Lower sight at 100 yrds
(3) 10 represent 100 mtrs then 1000 mtrs.

DEGREES OF WEAPON READINESS

4. There are four actions to be done on the degrees of the weapon readiness.
a. Load
b. Action.
c. Instant.
d. Unload.
(1). Load:
The gun is loaded when there is a drum magazine with round, on
command load.
(a) The LMG NO 1 and NO:2 will adopt the lying position, the
legs held together and NO 1 check if the safety catch is on safe.

(b) NO 1 LMG will raise the butt and put in on the shoulder, he
will hold the small butt with the left hand, then the right hand on
the piston hand grip.

(c) NO: 2 LMG will move forward and directs weapon bipod
stand legs to fire position.
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(d) NO 1: LMG should put the change lever to safe with the
right hand, he take up the drum magazine and fix in the magazine
bracket.

(e) LMG -1 lifts or opens the top cover, load the belt/chain in the
feed mechanism and return the top cover down by pressing the
catch forward.

(2) Action The weapon is in the action condition when there

magazine with a chain of rounds and the and the chain is in the feed
mechanism.

On Command action
(a) Place the change lever in automatic, cock the gun and make
safe.
(b) Set the rear sight to the required range and return the right
hand on the piston hand grip.

(3) Instant. The weapon is in the instant condition when there is a

chain with rounds in the feeder; the safety catch is open and the firer
looking to the front.
(4) Unload. The weapon is unloaded when there is round in the drum
magazine and no chain in the feeder
On command Unload
(1) Place the safety catch on safe, press the catch forward and lift
or open the top cover.
(2) Remove the belt/can by pulling it to the left.
(3) Put the change lever to fire position, cock the gun and
squeeze the trigger and allowing the working parts to go forward
under control.
(4) Return the top cover to its position and the range to its
normal position, make safe and stand up. The gun is now safely
unloaded.

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LOAD , UNLOAD AND SIGHT SETTING LMG 56

INTRODUCTION

1. a. The back sight marked in hundred gradations from 100-2000m with odd
numbers on the left and even numbers of the right side. To adjust the give ranges,
process in two locking catches either side or the ramp and move them either up or down
the ramp with the left or right (odd or even).

b. Therefore sight assembly with the cylindrical post ad protection.

LOAD

2. a. Load position command load Lie down straight with the heels behind,
the gun intent, legs held together and heels upper most hold the small
butt with your left hand, and the pistol grip with the left hand your finger
will be lying outside the trigger guard.

b. Put the change lever safe with the right hand, take up the drum magazine
mounting bracket, load the belt into the feed mechanism, and return the top
cover down by pressing the catch forward. Set the sights at the required range
and look to your from.

UNLOAD

3. a. Raise the butt in the shoulder; press the catch for and lift/open the top cover.
b. Remove the belt/chain by pulling it to the left.
c. Put the change lever to firing position, cock the gun to the rear,
squeeze the trigger allowing the working parts to go forward,
d.Return the top cover to its usual position, the ramp is to its normal position
make safe and stands up.
e.The gun is now safe unload.

NB: 1.Remember the drill of loading and unloading.

2. Assess by practice.

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HOW THE RIFLE WORKS, STOPPAGES AND IMMEDIATE ACTION
(LMG56)
INTRODUCTION

1. Even if the gun is cleaned and prepared for firing, stoppages may suddenly occur.
However should the gun stop firing, it is important that the solider knows how to solve
it with minimum loss of time.

HOW IT WORKS
2. There are two actins on how the gun works, forward action and backward
action.

a. Forward action. When you squeeze the trigger, the rear releases the bridge
block assembly. The feed ribs pick the round from the chain and fixes it in the
chamber. The hummer hits the rear part of the firing pin and the front part of the
firing pin hits the round base of the bullet (primer) when the primer is hit, the
igniters incite the cartridge to react and give off fire which burns the powder.

b. Backward action. Backward action starts immediately after the bullet leaves
the muzzle. Much of the pressure pursuing the bullet escapes to the piston house
through the gas vent thereby pushing the piston assembly backward. As the
piston assembly moves backward, the extractor extracts the empty cartridge
from the chamber. On its way back to rear, the ejector hits out the empty
cartridge. Because the pressure pursing the piston assembly is so strong, it
pushes the returning spring mechanism to the rear part of the receiver (i.e. re
cocks).When pressure decrease, he RSM resumes the forward
action.

STOPPAGES

3. a. Empty chain
b. Damage/broken firing mechanism.
c. Misfired round
d. Hard obstruction in the chamber.

SOLVING STOPPAGES (RECTIFY THE STOPPAGES)

4. a. Empty chain. On stopping LMG-1 closes safe and opens the top cover
and orders MG-2 to check, on finding empty chain, the LMG-2 reloads the
reserve chain as LNG-1 raises the gun to give space for the loading. LMG-1
then closes the top cover, open safe, corks and resumes firing.

b. Misfire. The LMG-1 closes safe, open top cover and the chain drops.
He then opens safe, corks and the misfired round falls off. Then LMG -2
checks the round for any damage. He reloads the chain and the process
continues as in empty chain.
c. Hard obstruction. As in the misfired round but the gun does not recork after the
chain has fallen off, strip the gun and push out the cartridge using a cleaning rod or
knock out and reloading.
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HOLDING, AIMING AND FIRING THE LMG-56

AIM

1. Aim is to teach students holding, aiming and firing of LMG.

INTRODUCTION

2. Soldiers must be trained and equipped with the knowledge of holding, aiming
and firing of the LMG 56.

HOLDING

3. a. NO:1 LMG and NO:2 LMG will adopt the lying position, NO:1 must hold the
small butt with the left hand; the right hand on the piston handgrip and the
finger outside the trigger guard.

b. The butt plate/butt stock should be put on the shoulder and the cheek on the
small butt will support of the gun.

AIMING

4. a. Aiming of LMG -56 is the same like other guns e.g. SMG-56, SAR, G3 etc.

b. Close the eye but not fully, look through the rear sight notch and centralize
the foresight so that the tip of the foresight is on the level with the top of the
rear sight notch and you aim at the target center/bull.

FIRING

5. a. The LMG 56 has got three types of firing as follows:

(1) 2-3 rounds

(2) 6-10 “
(3) Rapid fire.

b. Before firing, remember the two-breath control, one out two in deep.
(1) There are two trigger techniques NO:1 and trigger NO: 2 then trigger
is completely squeezed. At that moment the bullet goes to the aimed
point on the target.

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HOLDING, AIMING AND FIRING FROM ALL POSITIONS LMG - 56

AIM:
1. Is to teach students holding, Aiming & firing from all position.

REASON:
2. To enable students to know how to hold, Aim & firing of the gun from different
positions.

INTRODUCTION:
3. A soldier moving in an open field is exposed to the enemy and can be found
easily while shooting. Therefore good soldiers most use all kinds of cover existing in
the combat field. A better soldier knows how to operate his weapon effectively from
behind cover.
Holding, Aiming and Firing has got four positions as follows:-
a. Lying position (Shooting behind a tree).
b. Kneeling position (Behind cover, without touching it).
c. Sitting position (A slopped field).
d. Standing position (Shooting behind high cover).

LYING POSITION:
a. Come to the position of attention, take one step forward & adopt the lying
position.
b. Hold the rifle with two hands the left hand holds the hand guard and the
magazine attached on the left hand.
c. The right hand holds the pistol grip, ensure that the figure is outside the trigger
guard.
KNEELING POSITION:
a. The kneeling position is very useful in combat & very comfortable when the
cover edge is close to you and can be used a support kneeling position can be adjusted
easily to the cover height and can also use support by using trees.
b. Kneel with right leg toes extended backwards sit on the heel on the right leg.
c. Left hand hold the hand guard, let your elbow lean on the left knee.
d. The right hands pull the stock butt into the right shoulder.
e. Relax all your body muscles except the right hand grip hold. Don’t try to aim
your weapon by using any muscles.

SITTING POSITION:
This position is especially comfortable when shooting in sloped field covered with
bushes and rocks. This position is not comfortable when shooting at a target higher
than the shooter position.
Here are the three (03) different sitting position:-
a. Legs open (Widely).
b. Oriental sitting position crossed ankles extended forward.
c. Oriental sitting position ankles folded.

STANDING POSITION:
Used when firing from behind high cover in trench or during advance in contact and the
target engaged quickly.
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a. This position is less stable because the only support we have is our feet.
b. The legs are comfortable open, straight and relaxed; the body weight is equal on
both legs.
c. The body turns 45o to the right.
d. The left hand holds the hand gun, the butt in the shoulder when the right hand
holds the pistol grip with his elbow a little bit lower than the shoulder.
e. The body is relaxed to avoid any muscles strees.

AIMING:
4. Close the eye but not fully. Look through the notch on the rear sight and
centralize the fore sight, the tip of the fore sight is on level with the top of the rear sight
notch.

BREATHE CONTROL:
5. To maintain perfect stability it is necessary for the shooter to hold his breath
while shooting.
There are to ways to control breath.
a. One out.
b. Two in deep.

FIRING:
6. It’s possible to use two ways in pulling the trigger. No:1 and Trigger No:2 then
the third one the trigger is completely squeezed, the movement the bullet passes to the
aiming point.

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