linkedin.

com/in/dimashareva

Electrical Design Systems

in Construction / Industrial
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Electrical Design Systems

There lot of system in electrical, but in this time I would like to share about
severals system (MV and LV), and use simple calculation of:
● Lighting System
● Power Outlet / Receptacle
● Power Supply
● Feeder
● Substation
● Incoming Power (20 kV)
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Example
Layout
Design
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

A. Lighting System
A lighting system in electrical construction is designed to provide
adequate illumination for different environments, whether it's
residential, commercial, or industrial. The goal of a lighting system is to
create a safe, comfortable, and efficient space, while also being
energy-efficient. Lighting systems typically consist of:

● Light Sources: Such as LED, CFL, fluorescent, incandescent

lamps, and others.
● Lighting Fixtures: Enclosures or holders that house light sources,
e.g., recessed lights, track lighting, or street lights.
● Wiring and Controls: Electrical wiring connects the lighting
fixtures to the power source, while controls (switches, dimmers,
sensors) regulate the lighting.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Lighting Standards SNI: 03-6197-2000

● IEC 60598: International standard for luminaires and

lighting fixtures, which defines safety and performance.
● IEC 61347: Standards for lamp control gear, ensuring the
reliability of ballasts, LED drivers, etc.
● IEC 62471: Photobiological safety standards to protect
against excessive UV or blue light exposure from lamps.
● Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Standards:
Guidelines for the proper application of lighting for
various environments like office spaces, streets, and
industrial zones.
● ASHRAE 90.1: Energy efficiency standard for lighting
systems, ensuring optimized power consumption.
● SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia): In Indonesia, specific
lighting standards such as SNI 03-6575-2001, regulate
the amount of light and its distribution in buildings.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Lighting System Calculation

Example Calculation:
If we see to the SNI 03-6197-2000, for Office, we can assume 350 lux, so:

● Total Area (m2)： 20 m x 40 m = 800 m2

● Total Lumen: 350 lx x 800 m2 = 280.000 lm

As example, for lighting we can use lighting with 2.538 lm, so:

● Qty Lighting: 280.000 lm / 2.538 lm = 110.32 or equal to 111 Ea

 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Dialux
Calculation

With the same lumen, to reach 350, Office Room (3100)

needs 169 Ea lighting
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

The difference in the number of lights is due to:

● Different Calculation Methods: The lumen/m² method only estimates average lighting, while Dialux considers light
distribution and surface reflections within the space.
● Light Distribution and Positioning: Dialux accounts for the beam angle, ceiling height, and lamp arrangement, which
affect light spread.
● Light Loss Factors: Dialux includes factors like dust and lamp aging that reduce lumen output over time.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Lighting
Layout
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

B. Power Outlet
A power outlet system in electrical construction refers to the network of
sockets and wiring used to distribute electrical power to appliances,
devices, and equipment. It is a key part of any building’s electrical
infrastructure, providing safe and convenient access to electricity.

Types of Power Outlets:

● Standard outlets (2-prong or 3-prong): Commonly used for appliances,

electronics, etc.
● Heavy-duty outlets: Used for industrial or high-power appliances such as
air conditioners, heavy machinery, or ovens.
● USB outlets: Provide integrated USB ports for direct charging of devices.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Power
Outlet
Layout
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Power Outlet Power Calculation

● Assume every receptacles are 200 VA
● In this case, for 3 Phase Receptacle I consider to use breaker 32 A
● Every group for receptacle 1 phase, maksimum in 8 Ea, to prepend overload.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

C. Power Supply
A Power Supply System in electrical construction provides electrical energy
to mechanical and electrical equipment in a building. These systems are
designed to ensure the safe and reliable operation of various equipment,
from HVAC systems to lighting and industrial machinery.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Power
Suppy
Layout
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Load & Cable Selection

Example Calculation:

● AC-1, If using breaker 16 A. Cable ampere should be more than 16 A after derating factor.
NYY 2,5mm2-3C Installation in Air: 26 A (see table)
DF Temperatur and Installation= 0.87 x 0.78 => 0.68 x 26 = 18 A. So use NYY 2,5mm2-3C is allowed.

● Should consider about voltage drop, from local panel to equipment VD allowed is no more than 2%, assume distance 50m.
VD= (I x L x Z)/1000 I= Ampere (A) L= Distance (m) Z= Impedance (Ohm/km)
If Resistance (R) : 7.41 Ohm/km, and Reactance (X): 0.08 Ohm/km
Z=
VD= (I x L x Z)/1000
= (4.09 x 50 x 7.41)/1000
= 1.15 V => (1.15 V / 230 V) x 100% = 0.5%
● Base on the calculation, use NYY 2,5mm2-3C is allowed for equipment AC-1
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

D. Feeder
A feeder system in electrical installations is a network of cables or
conductors designed to distribute electrical power from the main power
source (like a transformer or main distribution panel) to various
distribution panels or load centers within a building or industrial facility.
Feeders play a critical role in power distribution by connecting medium
or low-voltage sources to different distribution points across an area or
building.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Feeder
Layout
● There are six panel in
this case.
● Separated for several
function.
● GREEN LINE = cable
rack.
Panel Calculation

For panel calculation we can arrange any equipment

that refer to Office Room Area.

I use breaker 16 A as minimum rating for

equipment, it depends on your consideration.

With the same calculation at Power Supply system,

cable from LVMDB to LP-OFFICE, can use cable
N2XY 25mm2-4C + NYA 16mm2, with voltage drop
no more than 3%, with distance 100 m.

Efficiency assumed in 100%.

Mostly I use 10% of quantity breaker as spare, or

minimum 2 breakers for spare. Consider for if there
are any future loads.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

E. Substation
A substation is a facility within the power grid where voltage levels
are transformed (stepped up or stepped down) to distribute
electricity efficiently across long distances or to local loads.
Substations are typically divided into categories based on their
function, voltage levels, and types of equipment:

Primary Function: Transform voltage levels, often stepping down high

transmission voltages to medium or low voltages for distribution to
homes, businesses, or industrial facilities.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Electrical Room
Layout
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

In this case
● LVMDB has 406.08 kVA, so we can use transformer with 630 A. Or 120% from total kVA in LVMDB.
● For lifetime of transformer, it should be use for 80% of the capacity.
● In fast calculation, Capacitor Bank can use 30% of transformer rating.

In MVMDB, engineer should consider CT rating & Fuse, can use

● Total Cap Transformer ( P )
● System Voltage ( V )
For fuse = Ifl x 1.7
In outgoing cuble LBS+Fuse is not recommend if trafo capacity more than >= 1600 kVA or more
than 1 outgoing cubicle.

Additional, you can use generator or/and UPS as a backup power.

 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Grounding
GA: Grounding A (MV) = Bare Copper 50 mm2
GB: Grounding B (NEUTRAL) = Bare Copper 70mm2
GC: Grounding C (LV) = Bare Copper 60 mm2
GTp: Grounding Test Point = Bare Copper 16 mm2
GTc: Grounding Test Continuity =Bare Copper 16 mm2

According to IEEE Std. 80 and NEC 250 standards, the

distance between grounding electrodes should ideally be
around twice the length of each electrode. This spacing
helps minimize the interaction between electrodes,
ensuring effective grounding resistance. In this Case I use
distance on 10 meters.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

F. Incoming MV (20 kV)

The incoming MV system serves as the
primary entry point for electrical power from
the utility grid or other generation sources into
a facility. It is responsible for stepping down
the voltage and distributing the power to
various parts of the facility.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Calculation

In this system we should consider about Isc (Short Circuit Current), Ifl (Full Load Current)

● Max Short Circuit Load allowed ( P ) ● Total Cap Transformer ( P )

500 MVA ( Permen No.04 Tahun 2009)
● Voltage (V)
20 kV
● Duration (t), Assumption setting at PLN Side
● Konstanta (K)
XLPE=143, PVC=116
● S = Size Cable
Cable ampere should be higher than Ifl after derating factor.
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

Single Line
Diagram
(SLD)
 linkedin.com/in/dimashareva

THANK YOU!