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Autonomous Line-Following Robot

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nalumayashwanth
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21 views

Autonomous Line-Following Robot

Uploaded by

nalumayashwanth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTONOMOUS LINE-FOLLOWING ROBOT

Introduction:

Our project aims to develop an autonomous line-following robot capable of navigating


predefined paths without human intervention. Utilizing advanced sensor technologies and
algorithms, the robot will intelligently follow lines on the ground, making it suitable for
applications in automated warehouse logistics, industrial automation, and educational
robotics.

Existing System:

Traditional line-following robots rely on simple infrared sensors to detect line positions, often
resulting in limited accuracy and susceptibility to environmental disturbances such as varying
light conditions and surface reflectivity.

Proposed System:

Our proposed system integrates a combination of infrared sensors, a microcontroller unit,


and PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithms to enhance the robot's line-
following accuracy and reliability. Additionally, we incorporate Bluetooth communication
for remote control and monitoring capabilities.

Devices:

1. Infrared Sensors: Detects line positions with high precision.


2. Microcontroller Unit (MCU): Controls the robot's movement based on sensor inputs
and algorithmic computations.
3. Motor Driver: Controls the speed and direction of the robot's motors.

Components Description:

1. Chassis: Provides the structural framework for the robot.


2. Motors: Drive the wheels of the robot for movement.
3. Wheels: Facilitate movement along the ground surface.

Device Specifications:

1. Infrared Sensors: Operating Voltage - 3.3V, Detection Range - 1-10mm.


2. Microcontroller Unit: Operating Voltage - 5V, Clock Speed - 16MHz.
3. Motor Driver: Operating Voltage - 6-15V, Maximum Current - 2A per channel.
Applications:

1. Industrial Automation: Enhance efficiency in manufacturing processes by automating


material transport.
2. Educational Robotics: Provide a hands-on learning experience for students interested
in robotics and programming.
3. Warehouse Logistics: Streamline order fulfillment processes in distribution centers
for improved productivity.
4. Research and Development: Serve as a platform for experimenting with autonomous
navigation algorithms and sensor technologies.

Future Scope:

1. Integration of additional sensors for obstacle avoidance capabilities.


2. Implementation of machine learning algorithms for adaptive line-following behavior.
3. Development of a swarm of robots for collaborative tasks in large-scale environments.
4. Exploration of outdoor navigation capabilities using GPS and inertial navigation
systems.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
SOURCE CODE:

// Arduino code for line-following robot

// Define pin connections


#define LEFT_SENSOR_PIN A0
#define RIGHT_SENSOR_PIN A1
#define LEFT_MOTOR_PIN 2
#define RIGHT_MOTOR_PIN 3

// Define threshold for sensor readings


#define THRESHOLD 500

void setup() {
// Initialize motor pins as outputs
pinMode(LEFT_MOTOR_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RIGHT_MOTOR_PIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
int leftSensorValue = analogRead(LEFT_SENSOR_PIN);
int rightSensorValue = analogRead(RIGHT_SENSOR_PIN);

// Adjust motor speeds based on sensor readings


if (leftSensorValue > THRESHOLD && rightSensorValue > THRESHOLD) {
// Both sensors see the line
digitalWrite(LEFT_MOTOR_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RIGHT_MOTOR_PIN, HIGH);
} else if (leftSensorValue > THRESHOLD) {
// Only left sensor sees the line
digitalWrite(LEFT_MOTOR_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(RIGHT_MOTOR_PIN, HIGH);
} else if (rightSensorValue > THRESHOLD) {
// Only right sensor sees the line
digitalWrite(LEFT_MOTOR_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RIGHT_MOTOR_PIN, LOW);
} else {
// Neither sensor sees the line
digitalWrite(LEFT_MOTOR_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(RIGHT_MOTOR_PIN, LOW);
}
}

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