Proc. of Int. Conf.

on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IETET

Simulation of Solar Power Plant using Artificial

Intelligence with MATLAB/Simulink
Rajeev Kumar1, Aadesh Kumar Arya2 and Anurag Choudhary3
1
GIMT, KANIPLA/Electrical Engineering Department, Kurukshetra, India
[email protected],
2
College of Engineering Roorkee /Department of EE, Roorkee, India
3
NITTTR/Electrical Engineering Department, Chandigarh, India
Email: {[email protected], [email protected]}

Abstract—This Paper deals with Promoting of energy savings and solar energy development
and AI Technics in new research policy are two objectives of the paper. The currently
continuing working on part of global development of various tools allowing managing
energy demand. Managing energy demand, extending supply and production sources of
energy, and also developing research activities on renewable energy resource. The major
challenges of the actual complementary objectives are, first, promoting energy savings,
especially in sectors of daily use (housing, offices, shops and transport) where Consumption
is high and, secondly, promoting renewable energy (biomass, solar Power, geothermal
energy and heat pumps) and these are the most promising as a future energy technology.
The performance of PV system can be enhanced by power converter with intelligent control
techniques using fuzzy logic and develop the simulation model to improve the efficiency of
solar power generation. The Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm is most important
suggestion for improve the efficiency of Solar power generation at solar power plant. The
application of Maximum Power Point tracking in the PV module was developed to achieve
high performance in actual field.

Index Terms— Solar Energy, Artificial Intelligence, Photovoltaic (PV), Modelling,

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).

I. INTRODUCTION
As energy demands around the world increase the need for a renewable energy source that will not harm the
environment is also increased. The research on solar energy that average incident solar energy received in
earth’s surface is about 600W/m2.but the actual value varies quite considerably. It has the advantage of being
free of cost, non-exhaustable and completely pollution free. The most important being that of collection and
concentration of solar energy and its conversion to the electrical from through efficient and comparatively
economical means. Some projections indicate that the global energy demand will almost triple in the years of
2050.Total installed capacity of power generation in India as on Aug 2015 is 284,634 MW out of which
199,947MW is being generated by thermal power plants which accounts for 70.25% of total power
generation till date [1]. Still 67.2% of the population is not having access to electricity [2].The main source
of energy comes from Non Renewable sources (Solar, wind, geothermal energy and heat pumps)

Grenze ID: 02.IETET.2016.5. 48

© Grenze Scientific Society, 2016
consisting about 87.70% while the Renewable Power Plants contribute the remaining 12.30% of the total
installed capacity as shown as in Fig1 [3]. Now our country has significant Renewable Resource for
generation of Electrical power from renewable energy sources like Solar Energy, wind Energy, hydro
Energy, biomass. The population of whole world is growing, and some studies predict a world population of
9billion around 2040 in contrast to the 7 billion people living on the planet now. As on 30.9.20 12, total
installed capacity of India is 2, 07,876 MW, out of which 20,162 MW is generated from Renewable Energy
sources viz., Wind, Biomass, Solar etc. For promoting solar power and also seen increase the load demand
day per day, the Government of India has started the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) to
increase scale and drive down costs to grid parity. It is targeted to generate 22,000 MW by 2022.
Today in the same field we are discuss many researches are going on to increase the efficiency of solar power
production and reduce it cost The performance of photovoltaic system can be improved by using power
converter with AI control techniques to develop the circuit model to improve the generation efficiency of
solar power. MPPT algorithm is one powerful suggestion for Solar systems to improve the efficiency. In
controller scheme of the system or process being controlled is modelled. But in a fuzzy controller and AI
Controller the focus is on the human operator's judgment. Whereas fuzzy logic gives a good results and
powerful representation for measurements of uncertainties present in that problem [5].

II. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

AI is a combination of physiology, philosophy and also computer science. The artificial intelligence
exhibited by machines or software with interfacing. It is also the name of the study of academic field which
studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of artificial intelligent behaviour of
machine. The goals of artificial intelligence development, research include learning, natural language
processing, perception reasoning, knowledge, planning, and the ability to move and also manipulate the sets
objects. Artificial intelligence is still among the field's long-term goals.[10] Today popular approaches
include traditional symbolic AI, computational intelligence and statistical methods.

Fig: 1- Artificial Intelligence System

In the AI a large number of tools and options are to be implemented by using artificial intelligence, including
versions of mathematical optimization, logic, search, economics, and methods based on probability and many
others tools are developed. The artificial intelligence field is most interdisciplinary, in which large number of
sciences and linguistics, philosophy with professions converge, including computer science and
neuroscience, mathematics, psychology as well as other specialized fields such as artificial psychology.[6]
The field was founded on the claim that a central property of human intelligence[7]. Fuzzy logic is one of the
methods of artificial intelligence. The input quantities are X1, X2 and X3[8]. These inputs are converted to
their corresponding fuzzy variables by a technique known as fuzzification before application to the Fuzzy
Inference Engine. After fuzzification, the fuzzified inputs are given to the fuzzy inference engine, which,
following the given fuzzy rules, gives the output as shown in the Fig. 2.

II. BLOCK D IAGRAM OF SOLAR POWER PLANT

The block diagram of PV solar power plant modules or arrays, which convert solar energy in the form of
solar irradiation into electric energy in the figure 3. The changes the level of the voltage to match it with the
electrical appliances that are supplied by this system by using DC-DC converter. This DC-DC converter may
be either buck or boost or buck-boost converter contingent on the required and available voltage levels. The

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maximum power point tracing system coerces the maximum power from the PV modules. [9]A bi-directional
converter issued to supply the current in the both directions is used to charging of the battery that maximum
power is transferred to load. Due to the complexity of the non-linear nature and tracker mechanism of PV
system, the artificial intelligence based technique in order to observe the maximum available power of PV
module with maximum efficiency, which electrical energy is stored. When there is a power surplus and the
energy stored by the battery is discharged into the load [10].

Fuzzy Rules

Fuzzy Inference
Fuzzification Defuzzification
Engine
Input Output

Fig: 2- Fuzzy Logic System for PV system

Fig: 3- Block Diagram of Solar Power Plant

The primary component of Photo voltaic systems is power conditioning unit (PCU). The PCU converts the
DC power from Photo voltaic array into Alternating supply depends upon the voltage and quality
requirements power of the utility load. A bi-directional interfacing is made between the Photo voltaic system
alternating output supply and the electric utility load and network circuit, typically on-site distribution panel
or service connection at entrance. This allows the alternating power generated by the Photo voltaic system to
either supply on-site electrical loads or networks to back-feed the connected load when the Photo voltaic
system output is more than the on-site load demand. This feature is used safety feature and required in all
load-connections. [11]These are determined by the total required area to be needed and install the system.
Some Photo voltaic arrays will also require regular cleaning and maintenances of system. This could
represent the additional costs especially for the large scale systems energy use and cost system size depends
mostly on energy use, solar resource and component efficiency Reducing energy consumption greatly
reduces the initial capital cost investment necessary PV systems can be cost competitive in locations with
high energy prices and Net metering programs. The assumption of that Photo voltaic system is expensive is
therefore relative to the solar resource and utility energy prices in location indirect benefits to the Emissions
reductions provide by a wide range of economic, health benefits and environmental. [12]A solar cell, or
photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined
as a 10 device whose electrical characteristics, such as voltage and current, or resistance, vary when exposed
to light. Solar cells are the building blocks of photovoltaic modules, otherwise known as solar panels.
[13]The P-V and I-V characteristics of Solar cell if no load is connected with solar panel which is sitting in
the sun, an open circuit voltage V will be produced but there are no current follows in the circuit or load. If
the both terminals shorted of the solar panel, a short- circuit current ISC will flow but the output voltage
across the load or circuit will be zero. In the both cases, zero power is delivered from the solar panel. When a
load is connected, we need to consider the I-V curve of the panel and the I-V-curve of the load to figure out
how much power can be delivered to the load.
The characteristics equation for a photovoltaic cell is given by

268
 q V
I = N ×I − N ×I exp × −1 ( 1)
kTA N
Where
s
I = (I + k ) × (T − T ) × ( 2)
100
T E 1 1
I = I × ( × exp q × − ( 3)
T kA T T
T = ( T − 32 ) + 273 ( 4)
I &V = Cel l output cur r ent and voltage I = Cell Rever se sat uration cur r ent
T = Cell Temper atur e in Celsius k = Boltzmann’s constant: 1.38 * 10-23 J/K
q = Electron charge: 1.6*l0-l9 C K = Shor t ci r cuit cur r ent t emper at ur e coeffici ent at I
S = Solar radiation I = Shor t cir cuit cur r ent at 25 degr ee Cel sius
I = Light gener ated cur r ent

IV. MODELLING AND SIMULATION

In present research MPPT and Fuzzy Logic are used because of its ability on the complex geometry and
nonlinearities of biologically realistic models, with and without interfering to handle more specific details
that include biophysical properties, specific anatomical and also high degree of abstraction Developing
alternative energy resources with high efficiency and low emission has become of great importance with
increasing concerns of global warming, damage to environment and ecosystem fossil fuel deficit, high oil
prices. The concern PV solar energy is free from pollution clean, renewable energy with a long service life
and high reliability [14]. A photovoltaic system converts energy from direct sunlight into electric energy on
the basic of principle of a photovoltaic system which is photovoltaic effects. Photovoltaic Cells may be
grouped form panels or modules. The simulation and modelling of PV system have been making a great
transition from a part of power generation in this percentage. Study of photovoltaic systems, in efficient
manner requires knowledge of the (I-V) and (P-V) characteristic curves of photovoltaic modules. Research
and development is going on to improve the efficiency of PV panel and also to maximize the power output
from the panel of solar cell. The maximized output power achieved by using the maximum power point
tracing system minimizes the losses in the DC to DC converter. In this paper, a DC-DC buck boost converter
is used with minimum number of switches which can work in maximum power point tracing system mode to
produce maximum output at all insolation levels of solar plant. [15] .A photovoltaic array is simplest
interconnection of number PV modules in serial or parallel. The electrical power generated by individual
modules is not be sufficient to meet the requirement of electrical applications, so the modules are secured in a
connected grid form or as an array to gratify the load demand [16]. In an array, the modules are connected
like as that of cells connected in a module. Generally the making of photovoltaic array and the modules are
initially connected in serial manner to obtain the desired output voltage, and then strings so obtained are
connected in parallel in order to produce more current based on the requirement [17].

Fig: 4- Simulation of Solar Panel Fig: 5- Simulation of Interconnection of Solar Panel with Buck Boost Converter

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 Fig: 6- Solar Power Plant with Fuzzy Logic Based Buck Boost Converter

V. SIMULATION RESULT
To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation studies have been carried out by simulation
with MATLAB/Simulink MPPT of a photovoltaic panel of 36 cells with exponential connected to DC load
through a new design chopper is used with fuzzy logic controller. The tracking of maximum power point
tracing system standard conditions and variable input is also applied to the photovoltaic cell. The FLC based
MPPT is generally faster than the controller based on classical MPPT algorithms and FLC based MPPT
converter produce the constant output voltage, current. The fuzzy controller has been improvements against
the ripples in steady state. The MPPT fuzzy logic control has much better performance if it compare with
other controller at the time of response and stability. With increasing the temperature always a decay in
output power. The fuzzy controller has a response almost perfect continuation algorithm while P&O and INC
are late and they present some fluctuations. The fuzzy controller has a response almost perfect continuation
algorithm while P&O and INC are late and they present some fluctuations. We also note that the fuzzy MPPT
controller is faster Structure of the proposed system. The result show that the fuzzy controller following the
deposit with less fluctuation.

Fig: 7- Solar panel characteristics showing MPP and operating points

Fig: 8- Power Output of MPPT using P&O Algorithm Fig: 9-Power Output of MPPT using Fuzzy Logic

Fig: 10- Output of inverter with DC input Fig: 11- Output of Solar Power Plant

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V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper modeling and simulation of artificial intelligence based solar power plant and developing
renewable energy system are implemented, it is useful for industrial and also for residential applications. The
analysis of simulation results has shown on the basis of maximum power point tracking.
 Extracting maximum power from the PV panels with tracking maximum efficiency.
 Splitting the power between the power sources to sustain the efficiency of the system.
Simulation results were obtained by developing a detailed of artificial intelligence based solar power plant
model. The most commonly used algorithm in commercial converters, has the potential to be very
competitive with other methods. The efficiency of solar power generation depends on both the MPPT control
algorithm and also the MPPT circuit. The MPPT control algorithm is usually applied in the DC-DC
converter, which is normally used as the MPPT circuit. MPPT using conventional method and using fuzzy
logic is to be implemented and inverter is to be connected so that the dc supply is converted into alternating
supply which will further be distributed to houses and industries etc.

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