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Selenium 4 Features

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86 views4 pages

Selenium 4 Features

Uploaded by

zayaniamal276
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SELENIUM 4 NEW FEATURES

Selenium 4 introduced several exciting features to enhance automation


testing, making it more efficient, userfriendly, and comprehensive.
Here's a list of the key new features with explanations and examples:

1. Relative Locators (Friendly Locators)


Why: Simplifies locating web elements by describing them relative to other elements, like "above"
or "to the right of."

Example:

WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("button")).above(By.id("password")));

This helps in cases where traditional locators might not be consistent or unique across pages.

2. Improved Window and Tab Management


Why: Browser automation often requires switching between tabs or windows. Selenium 4 improves
how new tabs and windows are opened and managed.

Example: driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);

It enables you to easily switch between tabs or windows without managing handles manually.

3. New Actions for Handling Authentication Popups


Why: Handling HTTP authentication popups was challenging in previous versions. Selenium 4
introduces support to simplify this.

Example: driver.get("https://username:[email protected]");

This feature is useful for automating applications requiring login authentication without needing
manual entry.
SELENIUM 4 NEW FEATURES
4. Improved Selenium Grid
Why: The Selenium Grid was redesigned to be more scalable and support a modern infrastructure
with Docker integration, grid sessions, and observability.

Example: Grid now has Docker support, making it easier to set up and manage distributed testing
environments. The revamped UI and observability logs allow better insights and debugging
capabilities.

This is crucial for large teams who need to execute tests in parallel across multiple environments
efficiently.

5. Native Support for Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP)


Why: Selenium 4 adds CDP support to allow more granular browser control, such as emulating
network conditions and capturing console logs.

Example:

DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools();

devTools.createSession();

devTools.send(Network.emulateNetworkConditions(false, 100, 2000, 1000, Optional.empty()));

This allows testers to simulate various network conditions, which is valuable for testing page
performance and behavior under different conditions.

6. Enhanced Documentation and W3C Compliance


Why: Selenium 4 uses the W3C WebDriver standard by default, improving compatibility and
reducing inconsistencies.

Example: With W3C compliance, the WebDriver commands are standardized, reducing compatibility
issues across different browsers and environments.

This change helps achieve better test reliability, especially across different browsers.
SELENIUM 4 NEW FEATURES
7. New Element Screenshot Functionality
Why: Provides a way to capture screenshots of individual web elements rather than the whole
page, useful for visual testing.

Example:

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("logo"));

File screenshot = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

This feature is beneficial for comparing UI elements individually without capturing the entire screen.

8. BiDi (Bidirectional) Communication


Why: Enables Selenium to listen for events from the browser, providing realtime feedback,
especially for scenarios where capturing browser events is necessary.

Example: The BiDi protocol can monitor browser console logs or Script errors dynamically.

This enhances debugging, especially for monitoring frontend errors or tracking events.

9. Better Support for Web Elements' Actions


Why: Enhances the `Actions` API to be more intuitive and robust, making complex interactions like
draganddrop, hover, and key presses smoother.

Example:

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.moveToElement(element).clickAndHold().moveByOffset(50, 50).release().perform();

Improved interactions streamline complex testing scenarios, especially in applications with


interactive components.
SELENIUM 4 NEW FEATURES
10. Grid 4 UI and Observability
Why: A new UI for Selenium Grid allows easier monitoring of sessions, nodes, and logs.

Example: The new console provides a comprehensive view of node status, which is helpful for
understanding test distributions.

This enhanced observability improves test efficiency and diagnostics in distributed setups.

11. Improved Error Messages


Why: Error messages have been revamped to provide more details, making it easier to identify
issues.

Example: If an element is not interactable, the error message is more specific about why.

This helps developers and testers debug test failures faster by providing more context.

Each of these features addresses specific gaps or challenges in Selenium 3, making Selenium 4 a more
robust and efficient tool for modern web testing needs. Let me know if you'd like more examples or
indepth guidance on any feature!

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