Data Structures and Applications (CS204) Case Study 1

A tree is a finite set of

one or more nodes such
that: (i) there is a
specially designated
node called the root;
(ii) the remaining nodes
are partitioned into n 0
disjoint sets T1, ...,Tn
where each of these
sets is a
tree. T1, ...,Tn are called
the subtrees of the root.
Case Studies:
Design a music playlist system: The functionality of a playlist needs to be implemented,
i.e., adding a song to the playlist, playing the next song, playing the previous song,
switching to a song, display of songs based on its genre type etc.

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Data Structures and Applications (CS204) Case Study 1

Explanation

Key Components

1. Structures:
o struct song: Represents a song with the following attributes:
 title: The title of the song.
 artist: The artist of the song.
 genre: The genre of the song.
 duration: The duration of the song in seconds.
o struct playlist: Represents a playlist, containing:
 An array of Song structures (songs).
 count: The number of songs currently in the playlist.
 current_index: The index of the currently playing song.
2. Typedefs:
o typedef struct song Song; and typedef struct playlist Playlist;
provide shorthand references to these structures.

Functions

1. add_song: Adds a new song to the playlist.

o It checks if the playlist is full (up to MAX_SONGS).
o If there's space, it copies the song details into the next available slot in the
songs array and increments the count.
2. play_next: Moves to the next song in the playlist.
o If the current index is less than the total count of songs, it increments the
current_index and returns a pointer to the next song.
3. play_previous: Moves to the previous song in the playlist.
o If the current index is greater than 0, it decrements the current_index and
returns a pointer to the previous song.
4. switch_to_song: Switches to a specific song by its index.
o It checks if the provided index is valid and sets the current_index to that
value, returning a pointer to the selected song.
5. display_songs_by_genre: Displays all songs of a specified genre.
o It iterates through the playlist and prints details of songs that match the
specified genre.
6. display_current_song: Displays information about the currently playing song.
o If a song is currently playing (i.e., the current_index is valid), it prints the
song's title and artist. If no song is playing, it indicates so.

Main Function

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Data Structures and Applications (CS204) Case Study 1

 Initialization: Creates a Playlist instance (my_playlist) with zero songs and no

current song.
 Adding Songs: It adds three songs to the playlist.
 Playing Songs: It attempts to play the next song and display the current song after
each action.
 Switching Songs: It switches back to the first song and displays it.
 Displaying Songs by Genre: It calls the function to display all "Rock" and "Pop"
songs.

Program

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#define MAX_SONGS 100

#define TITLE_LENGTH 100

#define ARTIST_LENGTH 100

#define GENRE_LENGTH 50

struct song{

char title[TITLE_LENGTH];

char artist[ARTIST_LENGTH];

char genre[GENRE_LENGTH];

int duration;

};

typedef struct song Song;

struct playlist{

Song songs[MAX_SONGS];

int count;

int current_index;

};

typedef struct playlist Playlist;

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Data Structures and Applications (CS204) Case Study 1

void add_song(Playlist* playlist, char* title, char* artist, char* genre, int duration);

Song* play_next(Playlist* playlist);

Song* play_previous(Playlist* playlist);

Song* switch_to_song(Playlist* playlist, int index);

void display_songs_by_genre(Playlist* playlist,char* genre);

void display_current_song(Playlist* playlist);

int main() {

Playlist my_playlist = { .count = 0, .current_index = -1 };

add_song(&my_playlist, "Song 1", "Artist A", "Rock", 210);

add_song(&my_playlist, "Song 2", "Artist B", "Pop", 180);

add_song(&my_playlist, "Song 3", "Artist A", "Rock", 240);

display_current_song(&my_playlist); // No song playing

Song* current = play_next(&my_playlist);

display_current_song(&my_playlist); // Playing Song 1

current = play_next(&my_playlist);

display_current_song(&my_playlist); // Playing Song 2

current = switch_to_song(&my_playlist, 0);

display_current_song(&my_playlist); // Switched to Song 1

// Display songs by genre

printf("\nRock Songs:\n");

display_songs_by_genre(&my_playlist, "Rock");

printf("\nPop Songs:\n");

display_songs_by_genre(&my_playlist, "Pop");

return 0;

void add_song(Playlist* playlist, char* title, char* artist, char* genre, int duration) {

if (playlist->count < MAX_SONGS) {

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Data Structures and Applications (CS204) Case Study 1

Song* new_song = &playlist->songs[playlist->count];

strncpy(new_song->title, title, TITLE_LENGTH);

strncpy(new_song->artist, artist, ARTIST_LENGTH);

strncpy(new_song->genre, genre, GENRE_LENGTH);

new_song->duration = duration;

playlist->count++;

} else {

printf("Playlist is full! Cannot add more songs.\n");

Song* play_next(Playlist* playlist) {

if (playlist->current_index < playlist->count - 1) {

playlist->current_index++;

return &playlist->songs[playlist->current_index];

return NULL;

Song* play_previous(Playlist* playlist) {

if (playlist->current_index > 0) {

playlist->current_index--;

return &playlist->songs[playlist->current_index];

return NULL;

Song* switch_to_song(Playlist* playlist, int index) {

if (index >= 0 && index < playlist->count) {

playlist->current_index = index;

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Data Structures and Applications (CS204) Case Study 1

return &playlist->songs[playlist->current_index];

return NULL;

void display_songs_by_genre(Playlist* playlist, char* genre) {

int i;

for (i = 0; i < playlist->count; i++) {

if (strcmp(playlist->songs[i].genre, genre) == 0) {

printf("Title: %s, Artist: %s, Duration: %d seconds\n",

playlist->songs[i].title, playlist->songs[i].artist,

playlist->songs[i].duration);

void display_current_song(Playlist* playlist) {

if (playlist->current_index >= 0) {

Song* song = &playlist->songs[playlist->current_index];

printf("Currently Playing: %s by %s\n", song->title, song->artist);

} else {

printf("No song is currently playing.\n");

Output

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