ECD 334

Mini Project

Vehicle Carbon Monoxide Hazard Detection System

GROUP 1
Sayana Elizabeth Siju[CHN21EC080]
Project Guide:
Jessica Mariam Zachariah[CHN21EC053]
Smt. Rajalakshmy A K
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 Jewel Maria Joseph[CHN21EC054]
(Asst. Professor Electronics Dept.)
Rajalekshmi M[CHN21EC075]
CONTENTS
Introduction X. Cost estimation
Problem Statement XI. Result
. Optimum Solution XII. Conclusion and Future scope
Objectives XIII. Reference
Methodology
. Literature Survey
I. Block Diagram
II. Circuit Diagram
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. Flowchart

Introduction

➢ The project aims to enhance vehicle safety by detecting toxic gases (specifically
carbon monoxide) inside the cabin.

➢ Toxic gases can accumulate due to engine exhaust leaks, faulty fuel systems, or
other sources.

➢Carbon monoxide (CO) is odorless and colorless,its poisoning can cause

sudden loss of consciousness, leading to accidents and prolonged exposure
could lead to death.
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➢Therefore, we focus on developing a carbon monoxide detector along with alarm
system.
Problem Statement

➢ Vehicles can accumulate harmful gases due to exhaust leaks, faulty fuel
systems, or other issues.

➢ Lack of real-time monitoring can lead to health hazards, accidents, or

even fatalities.

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➢ The challenge is to create an efficient and reliable system to detect toxic
gases inside the vehicle cabin.
Optimum Solution

➢An efficient and reliable system to detect toxic gases inside the vehicle
cabin.

➢Equipped with MQ-7 & MQ-6 sensor to detect CO and other toxic gases.

➢Piezo buzzer is presented to give alert.

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 ➢GSM module is introduced to send message alerts to phones.
Objectives

➢ Real-Time Monitoring: Continuously monitor gases levels to ensure

passenger safety.

➢ Immediate Alerts:
Trigger the piezo buzzer when levels exceed safe limits.
Send an SMS alert to the emergency contact.

➢ Cost-Effectiveness: Design an affordable solution for widespread adoption

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 Methodology
APPROACH:
➢ Research and Background study
Reviewed existing systems for CO & other harmful gases system and
comprehended the methods used for the same

➢ Initial Implementation
Designed and implemented the circuit for testing each component
separately on bread board

➢ Integration

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 The standalone circuits were integrated into one on a vero board
boar
Optimisation And Troubleshooting
➢ Attemped to improve the circuit to present it effectively on a small vero
board considering the size specifications
➢ Integrated all the separate circuits on to one vero board.

Final Setup
➢ Successfully implemented the Vehicle Carbon Monoxide Hazard Detection
System on a vero board.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

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 I. Hardware Components

. Arduino Uno
* ATmega328P
* Works on 5V and 20 mA
* Clock Speed: 16 MHz
* SRAM: 2 KB

I. MQ6 Sensor
* Gas Detection: LPG,propane, butane, methane * Operating
Voltage: 5V DC
* Detection Range: 300 - 10,000 ppm (LPG)
* Operating Temperature: -10°C to 50°C

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III. MQ7 Sensor
* Gas Detection: Carbon monoxide
* Operating Voltage: 5V DC
* Detection Range: 20 - 2000 ppm
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IV. GSM Module

* Frequency Bands : Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900
MHz
* Power Supply : Voltage: 3.2V to 4.8V
* Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C

V. DC-DC Buck
* Input voltage: 3-40V
* Output voltage: 1.5-35V
 * Output current: 2A
* Switching Frequency: 150KHz
VI. Piezo Buzzer
* Operating Voltage : 3V to 30V DC. *
Operating Current :1mA to 30mA. * Sound Output
: 70dB to 110 dB

VII. Power Supply

* Output Voltage : 12V DC
* Output Current : 2A
* Output Power : 24W
* Input Voltage : 100V to 240V AC
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1

Software Component

Arduino IDE:

Utilized for developing, editing, and uploading code to the Arduino Uno microcontroller.

FRITZING:
Fritzing is an open-source software tool for designing, documenting, and prototyping
electronic circuits.
LITREATURE REVIEW
SL.NO TITLE OF THE PAPER AUTHORS REMARKS

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1. Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Level A. A. Ibrahim This paper introduces that
Detector w hen CO concentration
increases the blood oxygen
2018, 21st International Conference of is then replaced by carbon
Computer and Information Technology monoxide in which this
(ICCIT), Dhaka, Bangladesh. condition is referred to as
carboxyhaemoglobin
(COHb).
2. Investigation on Carbon Monoxide Monitoring M. N. Mohammed, This paper introduces that
and Alert System for Vehicles Y. Ghanesen, rate of speed the COHb
S. Al-Zubaidi, forms is depend on amount
2019 IEEE 15th International Colloquium M. A. M. Ali, which is measured in
on Signal Processing & Its Applications O. Ismael AlSanjary PPM. Higher
(CSPA), Penang, Malaysia. N. S. Zamani concentration of PPM is
consumed, the rate of
death of a human is
 increased due 13 to lack of
oxygen

SL.NO TITLE OF THE PAPER AUTHOR REMARKS

3 Low Cost CO Detector Integrated with E. Estrada This paper shows a

IoT M. Moreno system that uses a
K. Martin lowcost Carbon
2019 IEEE International Conference on Á. L. Mever Monoxide
Engineering Veracruz (ICEV) P. M. Rodrigo detector that alerts users
S. Gutiérrez, when there is a high
intensity of Carbon
Monoxide through light
and sound alarms by
using a mobile
application
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 Block Diagram

POWER
SUPPLY

MQ7 GAS GSM

SENSOR MODULE

ARDUINO

MQ6 BUZZER
SENSOR

Circuit Diagram
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Fig : Circuit Design

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ALGORITHM/FLOWCHART START

Step1 : Start Sense gases

level
Step2 : Sense gases level
level
Step3 : Is level above the threshold NO
above
If No, Proceed to step2 threshold
YES
If Yes, Proceed to step4 Turn ON
Buzzer
Step4 : Turn ON Buzzer
Step5 : Again sense gas level after 10 sec YES After 10
sec Sense
If No, Proceed to step2 Gases level

If Yes, Proceed to step6 NO

Emergency
Step6 : Emergency Alert is sent Alert is sent

END 17
Step7 :End
IMPLEMENTATION

Hardware Setup
➢Assembled the system using nano, GSM module and other
peripherals on
Vero Board
➢Established Connections using solder lead and enclosed it
in a suitable box .

Programming & Libraries

➢Developed code using Arduino IDE softwares .
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➢Employed theMQ7 library for MQ7 sensor.

Initial Testing Phases

➢Implemented the circuit and integrated it into a single boar

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 COST ESTIMATION
SL.NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS QUANTITY UNIT TOTAL JUSTIFICATION
PRICE PRICE
1 Arduino Uno Atmega 328P 1 Rs.500 Rs.500 Interfacing
Processor Peripheral
Components
2 MQ 6 Sensor 5V 1 Rs.80 Rs.80 Gas Detection

3 MQ 7 Sensor 5V 1 Rs.80 Rs.80 Gas Detection

4 Piezo buzzer 3V-20V 1 Rs.25 Rs.25 Audible alerts

5 adapter 12V 1 Rs. 50 Rs.80 Power Supply

6 DC buck converter LM2596S 1 Rs45 Rs45 Steps

down DCVoltage
7 Gsm module SIM 900A 1 Rs.950 Rs.950 Connectivity to
GSM networks
TOTAL ESTIMATION(Including Miscellaneous) :Rs.2200
Result
In this project, we successfully designed and implemented a system capable of
monitoring carbon monoxide (CO) and butane gas levels.Following are the key
outcomes:
➢Detection System Implementation utilizing an Arduino Uno microcontroller , MQ-7
sensor, MQ-6 sensor and SIM900 module.
➢The system continuously sampled gas concentrations for real-time analysis.
➢When gas levels exceeded predefined thresholds, the system activated a piezo buzzer.
➢The buzzer remained active for 10 seconds, providing an audible warning to users.

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➢If the level does not lowers users received warnings about high gases concentrations,
allowing them to take necessary precautions.

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 Fig : Final Result
CONCLUSION

➢ Developing an Arduino-based car vehicle cabin toxic gas detection and

alerting system provides a crucial safety measure for occupants.

➢ This system serves as a proactive safeguard against potential health risks

due to exposure.

➢ Overall, the Arduino-based car vehicle cabin toxic gas detection and
alerting system stand as a testament to the power of technology in
addressing real-world challenges, prioritizing safety, and providing peace
of mind for passengers and drivers alike.
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 Reference
1. S. M. Kee and M. S. M. Ali, "Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Gas Detection System for Cars," School of
Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, vol. 20, no. 2-3, pp. 65-69, 2021.

2. N. Johansen, "Carbon Monoxide Detection and Alarm Requirements," Fire Protection Research Foundation,
01Feb-2021.

3. M. F. Hashim, N. S. Harun, N. S. Sazali, Z. Harun, W. N. W. Salleh, and T. Gunawan, "Analysis study of the
carbon monoxide sensor for vehicle safety system application," Available online, 12-Aug-2023.

4. H. Singh, S. K. Selvaperumal, and R. Abdulla, "Carbon monoxide detection using IoT," Asia Pacific University
(APU), July 2021.

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5. S. Alm, M. J. Jantunen, and M. Vartiainen, “Urban commuter exposure to particle matter and carbon monoxide
inside an automobile,” Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, vol. 9, pp. 237–244, 1999

THANK YOU

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