AGILE

INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS

Agile Interview Questions

1. Explain Agile in brief.

Agile is a popular set of methods and practices that majorly focuses on interactive development.
Thanks to self-organizing collaborations between cross-functional teams, the requirements from
their customers and potential solutions are obtained.

2. Explain the difference between the traditional Waterfall

model and the Agile model.

Agile Waterfall

It is a linear sequential lifecycle

It is a continuous iteration lifecycle model used for
model for developing and testing
developing and testing software
software

It is a rigid and structured

It is a flexible method to build a software method for software
development

It follows a rigid sequence of

It is highly collaborative, thus yielding quality output steps, hence team collaboration
is difficult

The process is broken down into

The process of development is divided into sprints
several phases
 Once the project development
Changes can be made even after the initial planning is
has started, development
completed
requirements cannot be changed

Development is completed as a
Development is a collection of many projects
simple project or deliverable

The testing phase follows the

Testing is performed in the same iteration
build phase

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3. What are some important parts of the Agile process

The different principles of Agile are:

1. Customer Satisfaction

The needs of the customer need to be satisfied with the early and quick delivery of the product.

2. Welcome Changes

Changing needs need to be addressed, even if they are brought in late in the development
process.

3. Deliver Frequently
Ensure frequent product delivery within a short timeframe, thanks to a clear cut understanding of
the product.

4. Work Together

Developers and other team members need to work together through in collaboration with the
course of the project.

5. Motivated Team

Motivated and driven individuals who are trusted to get the job done can ensure the success of the
project.

6. Face-to-Face Conversations

Having face-to-face conversations is proven as the most efficient method for communication.

7. Working Software

This represents the primary measure of progress.

8. Constant Pace

With a constant pace, the agile process enables optimum sustainable development.

9. Good Design

By focusing on technical excellence and great design, the agility of the project can be improved
drastically.

10. Simplicity

The amount of time spent not doing work has to be minimized and simplified.

11. Self-Organized

Self-organized teams provide the best architectures, requirements, and designs.

12. Reflect and Adjust

The effectiveness of the Agile process can be improved by regularly reflecting on it.
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4. Explain Iterative and Incremental Development in Agile.

To understand how these processes work in Agile, we’ll have to talk about each one of them
individually.

Incremental Development

In this form of development, the process is divided into small, workable increments. Each
succeeding increment builds on the work completed in the previous increment. Over time,
functionalities are added based on everything already created.
Iterative Development

This involves the development of a system that follows repeated cycles or iterations. Changes are
made based on results from the most recent iteration. This enables the project to evolve over time.

Agile: Incremental+Iterative

The agile process involves the consideration and creation of a working product in an iteration,
which is a part of the final product. Each successive iteration is one step further towards the final
product. This continues until all product functionalities are satisfied.

Organizations and users use the working product and provide feedback that’s incorporated into
the next iteration. With this, product roadmaps can be built, produced, and tested before the next
iteration.

This is one of the most common and important Agile Interview Questions that everyone should
know the answers to.

5. What are the different types of Agile methodologies?

1. Extreme Programming

It is a framework that enables teams to create high-quality software that helps improve their quality
of life. It enables software development alongside relevant and appropriate engineering practices.
It is applicable to handle changing software requirements, risks caused due to new software,
working with a small, extended development team, and technology that allows automated unit and
functional tests.
2. Kanban

It is a method that’s used to design, manage, and improve the flow of systems. Kanban enables
organizations to visualize their flow of work and limit the amount of work in progress. It is used in
situations where work arrives unpredictably, and where work needs to be deployed immediately
without waiting for other work items.

3. Lean

It is a set of tools and principles that focuses on identifying and removing waste, to speed up
process development. Value is maximized, and waste is minimized. It is used in just about every
industry that produces waste in some form or the other.

4. Scrum

It is a framework that is used by teams to establish a hypothesis, test it, reflect on the experience,
and make adjustments. It enables teams to incorporate practices from other frameworks
depending on the requirements. It is used by cross-functional teams that are working on product
development, and the work is split into more than one 2-4 week iterations.

5. Crystal

It focuses on people and their interactions, rather than on tools and processes. Aimed to
streamline processes and improve optimization, Crystal works on the principle that projects are
unique and dynamic. It is used when the focus is on strengthening team communication,
continuous integration, active user involvement, and configurable processes.

6. What Are the Principles of Agile Testing?

 Testing continuously to ensure continuous improvement of the product

 Continuous feedback to ensure the product satisfies the business requirements
 Team roles like testing and development need to be actively involved in the testing process
 Actively involving the business team and user representatives can help obtain quick feedback
for each iteration
 Clean and simplified code ensures it is defect-free during the iteration
 Documentation created must limit itself to a particular iteration
 Testing is done alongside development and implementation, to ensure that the product is free
from defects
 Involving the user ensures the final product matches their requirements

7. What are some Agile metrics that need to be focused on?

 Measuring the burndown of deliverables, usually represented in burndown charts
 Velocity
 Lead time
 Cycle time
 Code quality
 Code covered in unit test
 Deployment success rate
 Net promoter score

8. What Is Kanban?

Kanban is a visual system that helps the management of work as it progresses through the
process. It visualizes and provides visibility into the process, workflows, and the work that’s
passing through the process. It is also known as a pull system, as new work is pulled from a list,
executed, and moved from ‘in-progress’ status to ‘done’ Tracking work is also made easier as the
workflow is visible and put on a display board. Modern organizations can also use the digital
display systems.

In Kanban, the goal is to identify constraints or potential bottlenecks in the process and ensure
they are addressed. It also helps make the workflow smoother and more efficient.

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9. What are some popular Agile tools?

10. What are the obstacles to the Agile process?

Some of the obstacles that could be faced are:

 Not having appropriate or sufficient tools and technologies

 The lack of active involvement from the customers
 Team members that are lacking in skills and capability
 The inability to design systems based on unseen requirements
 Successfully adopting the Agile culture to the organization

11. Differentiate between Agile and Scrum.

Agile Scrum

It is a set of principles that’s iterative and incremental in It is an implementation of the

nature Agile methodology

Used in teams that need to

Suited for projects involving a small team of experts handle constant changing
requirements
 No leader. Issues are handled
The project head takes care of all tasks and is vital to
by the scrum master and the
the project
team

Teams can react to change

Changes cannot be handled frequently
quickly

Sprints provide workable builds

Requires frequent delivery to the end-user of the final product to the user
for feedback

Face-to-face interactions between cross-functional Daily stand-up meetings help

teams with collaboration

Design and execution can be

Design and execution is simple
innovative and experimental

12. What are some popular Agile certifications?

 PMI-ACP Certification
 Scrum Master Certification
 Certified Scrum Master Certification
 Prince 2 Agile Certification
 Scrum Product Owner Certification

13. Discuss the differences between Agile and traditional

Project Management (Waterfall).
While traditional methodologies include different project life cycle phases, agile emphasizes
iterative project implementation approaches.

14. What are Agile frameworks?

Other than Scrum, there are various alternative frameworks, including Test-Driven Development,
Feature-Driven Development, and Kanban.

15. When should you use Waterfall over Scrum?

Typically, Waterfall is employed when the requirements are straightforward, completely specified,
predictable, understandable, and permanent.

16. How long does the scrum cycle last?

The length of the Scrum cycle is determined by the size of the team and the project; it typically
takes 3 to 4 weeks to complete.

17. What is the scrum of scrums?

A separate meeting, known as a Scrum of Scrums, must be planned to coordinate among several
teams. In the scrum of scrums, an ambassador speaks on behalf of their squad.

18. Define epic, user stories, and tasks?

User Stories: Delivered throughout a specific sprint, user stories are created based on the client's
perspective, such as project or business functions.

19. What is test-driven development?

This approach involves a developer writing an automated test case that describes the new
function, writing little code to pass the test, and then re-factoring the new code to comply with the
required standards.

20. What do you mean by scrum poker technique or planning

poker?
The general agreement-based card-based estimation method is called scrum poker or planning
poker. Among its characteristics are the following:

 The client must read the agile user's story as the first step.
 The estimator then comprehends the features.
 Each estimator has a distinct planning card with a different set of numbers on it. The various
numbers represent the plot points.
 This procedure is carried out repeatedly until a consensus is obtained.

21. What do you mean by the disadvantages of the Agile

Model?

The disadvantages are:

 You will have trouble calculating the effort needed for a large project if one is assigned.
 It's not always best to concentrate on documentation and design.

22. What is the right moment to use the agile model?

Lean software development, feature-driven development, dynamic development, and crystal

approaches are a few methodologies and innovations that can employ agile.

23. What do you mean by release candidate?

A code, version, or build—known as a release candidate—is released to guarantee that no

significant issues remain during the final development stage. This is used for testing and is the
same as the finished build.

24. Differentiate between agile testing methods and other

testing methods?

The code is broken into smaller pieces in the main agile testing cases. Each code branch is tested
at one particular time. On that section of the code, the communication is ongoing.

25. What is Zero sprint in Agile?

The first sprint's pre-step is known as a zero sprint.

26. What does story point mean in the scrum?

A story point is the scrum term for the unit used to estimate the time needed to complete or
implement a backlog.

27. Why are user stories not estimated in working hours?

It is not required to estimate user stories in terms of man hours because doing so would indicate a
subpar product being supplied to the client. However, the budget and administrative costs are
given more consideration regarding working hours.

28. In which process a Scrum master recommends follow-up

action items?

Establishing a follow-up of the work that needs to be done by the team members is the best way to
follow up on action items. Additionally, the scrum master will compile this data.

29. What are the most critical agile Matrices?

The most important agile matrices are listed below:

 Velocity
 Work category allocation
 Defect removal awareness
 The cumulative flow diagram

30. What are the essential qualities a good Agile tester

should have?

A qualified Agile tester must possess the following qualities:

 Should swiftly comprehend the requirements

 Must be well-versed in the concepts and practices of Agile.

31. Mention the challenges involved in developing Agile

Software?

The significant difficulties encountered when creating Agile Software include:

 more customer interaction and testing
 management is more affected than developers
 More preparation is needed.

32. When not to use Agile?

You can ditch Agile in the following circumstances:

 Your team does not understand Agile

 Your team is resisting Agile
 Expectations do not support agile

33. Explain what it means by product roadmap?

A product roadmap is a source of truth used by all parties to describe a product's long-term goals,
priorities, and progress.

34. What is the product burndown chart?

A project management chart called a burndown chart demonstrates how rapidly a team is moving
through a customer's user stories.

35. What is a sprint burndown chart?

This graph shows the number of completed and uncompleted sprints in the scrum cycle.

36. What is the Release burndown chart?

A release burndown chart summarizes the release progress by displaying the remaining workload
at the end of every sprint versus the ideal workload.

37. How is the velocity of the sprint measured?

Work is complete if capacity is expressed as a percentage of 40-hour workweeks: story points *

team capacity. If the capacity is expressed in terms of man-hours, then the team's capacity is
expressed in story points.

38. Are there any agile certifications?

The following list of agile certifications and scrum certifications:

 ACP (Agile Certified Practitioner)

 ASM (Agile Scrum Master)
 Safe Agilist
 CSM (Certified Scrum Master)
 PSM (Professional Scrum Master)

39. What are the major agile quality strategies?

These are the main strategies:

 Small feedback cycles

 Re-factoring
 Iterations
 Analysis of dynamic code

40. Define Product backlog and Sprint backlog.

The project owner keeps a product backlog that includes every requirement and product feature. A
Sprint backlog is viewed as a subset of a product backlog that only includes needs and features
pertinent to one specific sprint.

41. What is Pair Programming, and what states its benefits?

Pair programming is a method where two programmers collaborate. The work of one coder is
reviewed by the other.

Benefits: Smooth knowledge transfer. The codes and tactics can be taught to another partner by
an experienced partner.

Code quality: The likelihood of errors occurring will decrease as the second partner simultaneously
reviews the code.

42. What is refactoring?

Refactoring is making changes to code without altering its functionality to increase performance.

43. How can QA add value to an agile team?

By considering various scenarios differently, QA adds value to the story. It gives the developers
swift feedback on whether the new functionality is operating as intended.

44. What is the Application Binary Interface?

Application Binary Interface describes the low-level interface between an application and the
operating system or the interface to compile application applications.

45. What is a tracer bullet?

Tracer Bullet investigates how an end-to-end process functions and looks at its viability. With the
existing architecture or set of procedures, it is the spike.

46. What is the increment? Explain.

The sum of every product's backlog items during a sprint is known as the increment. Since they
are cumulative, each increment comprises the values from the previous sprint increment. As it is a
step toward achieving the aim, it should be configured to be in the available mode in its upcoming
release.

47. How to manage remote teams?

Utilizing remote project management solutions can enable you to manage your remote team
effectively while using outsourced resources. It assists you in managing people, tools, and
resources and gaining their support.

48. What is meant by the sprint retrospective meeting?

It is the meeting held following the sprint review meeting and takes place in the last stages of the
sprint. This conversation lasts for two to three hours and will involve the entire team.

49. Can we apply agile methodologies to other testing apart

from development and software testing?

Agile file testing approaches can be used in the biomedical, biophysical, and biochemical fields
and other areas where there is a lack of data and a small team is required to finish the project.
50. What does the term impediment mean?

An impediment prevents the team from working efficiently and hinders their ability to complete
tasks more effectively.

51. What do sprint planning meetings do?

A sprint planning meeting gathers the whole scrum team, including the product owner, scrum
master, and other team members. It is planned to discuss the items on the product backlog and
the key team characteristics.

52. Mention the places where the Scrum and Kanban

methodologies are used?

Scrum is used when switching to the most visible and relevant methodology is
necessary. Kanban is deployed when there is a need to enhance an operating process with few
adjustments.

53. What are the essential qualities to have as a Scrum

Master?

The main characteristics of a Scrum Master are sharing knowledge and comprehending the goals
and objectives.

54. What do you mean by planning poker or scrum poker

technique?

The characteristics of planning poker include the following:

 The client must first read the agile user's story. The estimator then comprehends the features.
 Each estimator has a distinct planning card with a unique set of numbers. The different
numbers represent the story points.
 This procedure is carried out continuously until an agreement is obtained.

55. What is the right moment to use the agile model?

Certain approaches and projects can use agile, including lean software development, dynamic
development, and crystal methodologies.
56. How do agile testing methods differ from other testing
methods?

The code is divided into smaller branches when using an agile testing methodology. Each specific
unit of code is tested at the same time. In that section of the code, communication is continuing as
well.

57. Is it possible to apply agile methodology to other testing

apart from software testing and development testing?

The file testing methodology can be used in the fields where there is a lack of data and a small
team is required to finish the project.

58. How to know that you are using agile development?

You are adopting agile development when you use a time-boxed task board, pair programming,
daily stand-up meetings, test-driven development, and other practices.

59. Describe the main roles in the scrum.

Scrum team: Responsible for organizing a group effort to finish a specific assignment.

Scrum Master: is in charge of putting the scrum team's final product on paper.

Product owner: In charge of outlining the entire idea for the product and communicating it to the
team.

60. What does build breaker mean?

Sometimes a software flaw is unintentionally introduced by the developer. This flaw could cause
warring or stop the compilation process. It is the root of failure when testing is carried out normally.
It is deemed that the build is broken in such circumstances.

61. What are the places where Scrum and Kanban are
used?

Scrum is used when it's necessary to move toward a suitable and noticeable method. Kanban is
employed when process improvement is required, provided that there aren't many changes.
62. Can agile methodology also be applied other than
software testing and development projects?

In the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, and biomedicine, agile methodology can be used in a
range of situations, such as when there is a lack of data when a small team is required to
complete the project when the nature of the job is uncertain, and in several other situations.

63. What are the major Agile components?

The major Agile elements are:

 Pair programming, continuous deployment, test-driven development, etc.

 Collaboration cards and class responsibilities
 stand-up meetings daily

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64. What is the process in which a master recommends

following up on action items?

The best way to accomplish this is by creating a follow-up of the job the team members are
expected to complete.