INDEX

1. PANDAS
• SERIES
• DATAFRAME
2. MATPLOTLIB
3. MYSQL
4. CSV
 Pandas
Series:
The Pandas Series can be defined as a one-dimensional array that is capable of storing
various data types. We can easily convert the list, tuple, and dictionary into series using
"series' method. The row labels of series are called the index. A Series cannot contain
multiple columns.

It has the following parameter:

• data: It can be any list, dictionary, or scalar value.

• index: The value of the index should be unique and hashable. It must be of the
same length as data. If we do not pass any index, default np.arrange(n) will be
used.
• dtype: It refers to the data type of series.
• copy: It is used for copying the data.

A pandas series can be created using the following constructor −

pandas.Series(data, index, dtype, copy)

PROGRAMS
ON
SERIES
Create a series of numbers between
1 and 5
Code:
import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

n=np.arange(1,6)

s=pd.Series(n)

print(s)

Output:
Creating a series from a dictionary
Code:
import pandas as pd

dictionary = {'A' : 10, 'B' : 20, 'C' : 30}

seri= pd.Series(dictionary)

print(seri)

Output:
Changing the index values of a
series during creation
Code:
import pandas as pd

s=pd.Series([3,8,2,0,6],index=[6,'A',8,'B',34])

print(s)

Output:
Changing the index values of an
existing series
Code:
import pandas as pd

s=pd.Series([3,8,2,0,6])

print("Original Index")

print(s)

s.index=[6,'A',8,'B',34]

print("New Index")

print(s)
Output:
Create a series having 10 random
integers and having index from 9 to 0
Code:
import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

n=np.random.randint(100,size=10)

t=np.arange(9,-1,-1)

s=pd.Series(n,index=t)

print(s)
Output:
Create a series using a dictionary to
print month name and month number
Code:
import pandas as pd

d={1:'jan',2:'feb',3:'march',4:'april',5:'may',6:'june',

7:'july',8:'aug',9:'sep',10:'oct',11:'nov',12:'dec'}

s=pd.Series(d)

print(s)
Output:
 Pandas
DataFrame:
DataFrame is a 2-dimensional labeled data structure with columns of potentially different
types. You can think of it like a spreadsheet or SQL table, or a dict of Series objects. It is
generally the most commonly used pandas object.

Features of DataFrame:
• Potentially columns are of different types
• Size – Mutable
• Labeled axes (rows and columns)
• Can Perform Arithmetic operations on rows and columns

A pandas DataFrame can be created using the following constructor –

pandas.DataFrame( data, index, columns, dtype, copy)

PROGRAMS
ON
DATAFRAME
Write a program to create and display a
dataframe from a 2D dictionary, Sales, which
stores the quarter-wise sales of a store in a
dictionary for two years.

CODE:
import pandas as pd

Sales={'yr1' : { 'Qtr1' : 34500, 'Qtr2' : 56000, 'Qtr3': 47000, 'Qtr4': 49000},

'yr2':{'Qtr1': 44900, 'Qtr2' : 46100, 'Qtr3' : 57008, 'Qtr4' : 59000 } }

dfsales=pd.DataFrame(Sales)

print(dfsales)

OUTPUT:
Write a program to create a dataframe from
a list of dictionaries of the sales performance
of four zonal offices. Zone names should be
the row labels.
CODE:
import pandas as pd
zoneA = {'Target' :56000, 'Sales':58000}
zoneB ={'Target':70000, 'Sales':68000}
zoneC = {'Target':75000, 'Sales' : 78000}
zoneD ={'Target' :60000, 'Sales':61000}
sales=[zoneA, zoneB, zoneC, zoneD]
saleDf = pd.DataFrame (sales , index = ['zoneA', 'zoneB',’zoneC', 'zoneD'])
print(saleDf)

OUTPUT:
Write a program to create a dataframe
from a 2D list. Specify own index labels.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

list1 = [[ 25, 45, 60], [34, 67, 89], [88, 90, 56] ]

df1= pd.DataFrame(list1,index=['row1','row2','row3'])

print ( df1 )

OUTPUT:
Write a program to create a dataframe from
a list containing 2 lists, each containing
Target and actual Sales figures of four zonal
offices. Give appropriate row labels.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

Target=[56000, 70000, 75000, 60000]

Sales =[ 58000, 68000, 78000, 61000]

ZoneSales = [Target, Sales]

ZsaleDf = pd.DataFrame (ZoneSales,

columns = ['ZoneA', 'ZoneB ', 'ZoneC', 'ZoneD'],

index=['Target', 'Sales'])

print( ZsaleDf )
OUTPUT:
Consider two series objects staff and salaries hat
store the number of people in various office
branches and salaries distributed in these
branches, respectively. Write a program to create
another Series object that stores average salary
per branch and then create a dataframe object
from these series objects.

CODE:
import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

staff= pd.Series([20, 36, 44])

salaries = pd.Series ( [279000, 396800, 5630001])

avg=salaries/staff

org= {'people':staff, 'Amount': salaries,'Average':avg }

dtf5=pd.DataFrame(org)

print (dtf5)
OUTPUT:
Write a program to create a dataframe to
store weight, age and names of 3 people.
Print dataframe and its transpose.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame ({'Weight' :[42, 75, 66],

'Name':[ 'Arnav', 'Charles', 'Guru'],

'Age' :[15, 22, 35]})

print( "Original DataFrame")

print (df)

print('Transpose:')

print (df.T)
OUTPUT:
Write a program to print the dataframe one
row at a time.

CODE:
import pandas as pd

dict={'Name':['Ram',"Pam","Sam"],

'Marks':[70,95,80]}

df=pd.DataFrame(dict,index=[' Rno.1', 'Rno.2', 'Rno.3'])

for i,j in df.iterrows():

print(j)

print("_____________________")
OUTPUT:
Write a program to print the dataframe one
column at a line.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

dict={'Name': [ "Ram", "Pam", "Sam"],

'Marks':[ 70, 95, 80]}

df=pd.DataFrame (dict, index = [ 'Rno.1', 'Rno.2', 'Rno.3'])

for i, j in df. iteritems ():

print (j)

print("________________")
OUTPUT:
Write a program to print only the values
from marks column, for each row.

CODE:
import pandas as pd

dict={'Name':["Ram", "Pam", "Sam"],

'Marks':[70, 95, 80]}

df = pd.DataFrame (dict, index = [ 'Rno.1', 'Rno.2', 'Rno.3'])

for r, row in df.iterrows () :

print(row[ "Marks"])

print ("----- ")

OUTPUT:
Write a program to concatenate
two dataframes.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

d1={'roll_no': [10, 11, 12, 13,14,

15],'Name':['Ankit','Pihu', 'Rinku', 'Yash', 'Vijay', 'Nikhil']}

d2={'roll_no': [20,21, 22, 23,24, 25],'Name':['Shaurya', 'Pinky','Anubhav',

'Khushi', 'Vinay', 'Neetu']}

df1=pd.DataFrame (d1)

df2=pd.DataFrame (d2)

df3=pd.concat ([df1, df2])

print(df3)
OUTPUT:
Write a program to use notnull() function to
find the non-missing values, when there are
missing values in the dataframe.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({"A":["Sandy", "alex", "brook", "kelly",

"Max"],"B":["elena", "olivia", "terica", "", "amanda"],

"C":[20 + 5j, 20 + 3j, 7, 6, 8], "D":[14.8, 3, 10, 2.3, 6]})

Print(df.notnull())

OUTPUT:
Write a program to Sort the pandas
dataframe on the basis of multiple columns.
CODE:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d={'Name':pd.Series(['Sachin','Dhoni','Virat','Rohit',
'Shikhar']),
'Age':pd.Series([26,25,25,24,31]),
'Score':pd.Series([87,67,89,55,47])}
df= pd.DataFrame(d)
print("Dataframe contents without sorting")
print(df)
df=df.sort_values(by=['Age','Score'],ascending=[True,
False])
print("Dataframe contents after sorting")
print(df)
OUTPUT:
Write a program to implement
aggregate functions on dataframe.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

d={'Name':pd.Series(['Sachin','Dhoni','Virat','Rohit', 'Shikhar']),

'Age':pd.Series([26,25,25,24,31]), 'Score':pd.Series([87,67,89,55,47])}

df= pd.DataFrame(d)

print("Dataframe contents")

print (d)

print()

print("sum-----------\n",df.sum(numeric_only=True))

print("mean----------\n",df.mean())

print("median--------\n",df.median())

print("mode----------\n",df.mode())

print("count---------\n",df.count())
print("min---\n",df.min())

print("max---\n",df.max())

OUTPUT:
Write a program using group by function create a
dataframe.

CODE:
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings','kings',

'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],

'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],

'Year':[2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,201
7],

'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print("Original DataFrame")

print(df)

print()

gdf=df.groupby('Team')

print("Groups are:---\n",gdf.groups)

print()
print("groups on the basis of riders:---\n",gdf.get_group('Riders'))

print("group size-------\n",gdf.size())

print("group count------\n",gdf.count())

OUTPUT:
Write a program to create multiple dataframes and
use merging operation to merge them.

CODE:
import pandas as pd

d1={'roll_no': [10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15],'Name':['Ankit','Pihu', 'Rinku', 'Yash',

'Vijay', 'Nikhil']}

d2={'roll_no': [20,21, 22, 23,24, 25],'Name':['Shaurya', 'Pinky', 'Anubhav',

'Khushi', 'Vinay', 'Neetu']}

d3={ 'roll_no': [10,21, 12,13,24,15] ,

'name':[ 'Jeet','Ashima','Shivin', 'Kiran' ,'Tanmay', 'Rajat']}

df1=pd.DataFrame(d1)

df2=pd.DataFrame(d2)

df3=pd.concat([df1,df2])

df4=pd.DataFrame(d3)

df5=pd.merge(df3,df4,left_on='roll_no',right_on='roll_no')

print(df5)
OUTPUT:
Write a program to Create a Data Frame Qtr Sales
where each row contains the item category, item
name, and expenditure. Locate the 3 largest values
of expenditure in this data frame.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

QtrSales = pd.DataFrame({'Item Category':[ 'A', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'B', 'C'],
'Item Name':['iPad', 'LCD', 'iPhone', 'iWatch', 'Projector', 'Hard disk',
'Smartboard', 'Pen drive'],
'Expenditure': [288000, 356000, 497000, 315000, 413000, 45000,
211000, 21000]})
print ("Dataframe QtrSales is: ")
print (QtrSales)
print("3 largest expenditure values in given dataframe are :")
print(QtrSales.sort_values("Expenditure", ascending=False).head(3) )
OUTPUT:
Write a Pandas program to count
number of columns of a dataframe.
CODE:
import pandas as pd

d = {‘col1’: [1, 2, 3, 4, 7], ‘col2’: [4, 5, 6, 9, 5], ‘col3’: [7, 8, 12, 1, 11]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)

print(“Original DataFrame”)

print(df)

print(“\nNumber of columns:”)

print(len(df.columns))
OUTPUT:
 MatPlotLib
Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language
and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an
object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using
general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK+.
PROGRAMS
ON
MATPLOTLIB
Creating a line graph using matplotlib.
Code:
import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x=np.linspace(1,5,6)

y=np.log(x)

plt.plot(x,y)

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a double line graph using
matplotlib.
Code:
import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x=np.arange(0,10,0.1)

a=np.cos(x)

b=np.sin(x)

plt.plot(x,a,'b')

plt.plot(x,b,'r')

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a pie chart using matplotlib
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Section='A','B','C','D','E'

val=[8000,12000,9800,11200,11500]

sizes=val

colors=['gold','yellowgreen','lightcoral','lightskyblue','red']

explode=(0,0,0.1,0,0.1)

plt.pie(sizes,explode=explode,labels=Section,colors=colors)

plt.title('Sectionwise Performances')

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a pie chart with percentages
using matplotlib
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

labels='Candidate 1','Candidate 2','Candidate 3','Candidate 4'

votes=[315,130,245,210]

sizes=votes

colors=['gold','yellowgreen','lightcoral','lightskyblue']

explode=(0.3,0,0,0)

plt.pie(sizes,explode=explode,labels=labels,colors=colors,

autopct='%.2f%%',shadow=False,startangle=0)

plt.axis('equal')

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a scatter chart using matplotlib
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x=['x','y','z','a','b']

y=[67,23,90,76,56]

plt.scatter(x,y,color='red')

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a scatter chart of boys and girls
marks using matplotlib
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

grades_range = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]

x=grades_range

y=[40, 29, 59, 48, 60, 98, 38, 45, 20, 30]

z=[79, 89, 60, 89, 100, 80, 90, 100, 80, 34]

plt.scatter(x,y,color='red')

plt.scatter(x,z,color='blue')

plt.legend(['Boys Marks','Girls Marks'])

plt.xlabel('Marks Range')

plt.ylabel('Marks')

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a bar graph using matplotlib
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

name=['Angry Bird','Teen Titan','Marvel Comics','ColourMe','Fun

Run','Crazy Taxi','Igram Pro','WApp Pro','Maths Formula']

dl=[197000,209000,414000,196000,272000,311000,213000,455000,27
8000]

plt.bar(name,dl)

plt.title('App number of downloads')

plt.xlabel("Name Of App")

plt.ylabel("Downloads ")

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a boxplot using matplotlib.
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

value1=[72,76,24,40,57,75,78,31,32]

box_plot_data=[value1]

box=plt.boxplot(box_plot_data,vert=1,patch_artist=True,labels=['Course1'])

colors=['cyan']

for patch, color in zip(box['boxes'],colors):

patch.set_facecolor(color)

plt.show()
Output:
Creating boxplots of marks using
matplotlib.
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

value1=[72,45,69,45,57]

value2=[79,65,24,42,87]

value3=[100,45,94,45,47]

value4=[42,79,45,43,77]

box_plot_data=[value1,value2,value3,value4]

box=plt.boxplot(box_plot_data,vert=1,patch_artist=True,labels=

['English','Math','BST','Economics'])

colors=['cyan']

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a histogram using matplotlib.
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

ages = [24,55,62,45,11,22,34,42,42,4,99,102,110,120,
121,122,130,111,115,112,80,75,65,54,44,43,42,48]

plt.hist([24,55,62,45,11,22,34,42,42,4,99,102,110,120,
121,122,130,111,115,112,80,75,65,54,44,43,42,48],

bins=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130],

weights=ages,edgecolor='red')

plt.xlabel('Ages')

plt.ylabel('No. of people')

plt.title('Population')

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a double bar graph showing
the number of downloads and prices
of apps.
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

name=['Angry Bird','Teen Titan','Marvel Comics','ColourMe','Fun

Run','Crazy Taxi','Igram Pro','WApp Pro','Maths Formula']

price=[75,120,190,245,550,55,175,75,140]

dl=[197000,209000,414000,196000,272000,311000,213000,455000,27
8000]

w=0.4

bar1=np.arange(len(name))

bar2=[i+w for i in bar1]

dl1=[]

for i in dl:

k=i/1000

dl1.append(k)

plt.bar(bar1,price,w,label='price')

plt.bar(bar2,dl1,w,label='downloads')

plt.title('Number of downloads and Price Of App')

plt.xticks(bar1+w/2,name)

plt.xlabel("Name Of App")

plt.ylabel("Downloads in Thousands / Prices in Rs")

plt.show()
Output:
Creating a horizontal bar chart
using matplotlib.
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

height=[5.1,5.5,6.0,5.0,6.3]

Names=('Asma','Bela','Chris','Diya','Saqib')

#Create horizontal bars

plt.barh(Names,height)

plt.xlabel("Height")

plt.ylabel("Names")

plt.show()
Output:
 MYSQL
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a
combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the
abbreviation for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into
one or more data tables in which data types may be related to each other; these relations
help structure the data.

SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational
database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational databases
and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a relational
database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access and
facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.
PROGRAMS
ON
MYSQL
TABLE 1:
Display table EMPLOYEE and SALGRADE;
Code to display both the tables joint on Sgrade

“Select * from Employee , Salgrade where Employee.Sgrade=

Salgrade.Sgrade;”

Code to display max and min of DOB.

“Select max(DOB), min(DOB) from Employee;”

Code to display max and min of DOJ.

“Select max(DOJ), min(DOJ) from Employee;”

Code to display max & min of salary.

“Select max(Salary), min(Salary) from Salgrade;”

Code to display avg of salary.

“Select avg(Salary) Salgrade;”

Code to display name, desig, doj, dob, salary.

“Select Name,Desig,DOJ,DOB,Salary from Employee,Salgrade where

Employee.Sgrade=Salgrade.Sgrade

Give Output of:

“SELECT COUNT(SGRADE),SGRADE FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY
SGRADE;”
SELECT MIN(DOB),MIN(DOJ) FROM EMPLOYEE;

SELECT NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEE E,SALGRADE S WHERE

E.SGRADE=S.SGRADE AND E.ECODE<103;

SELECT SGRADE , SALARY+HRA FROM SALGRADE WHERE

SGRADE=’S02’;
SELECT MAX(HRA),MIN(HRA) FROM SALGRADE;

SELECT NAME,DESIG,SGRADE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE NAME

LIKE ‘_A%’;

SELECT ECODE,SGRADE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DOJ >= ‘2003-

03-23’;
SELECT SALARY*HRA FROM SALGRADE;
PROGRAMS
ON
MYSQL
CONNECTOR
Code to connect to mysql database and print
table Sales

Code:
import mysql.connector as mq

mydb=mq.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="spider",

database="school")

mycursor=mydb.cursor()

mycursor.execute("select*from sales;")

for x in mycursor:

print(x)

Output:
Code to connect to mysql database and print
table Sales using pandas read_sql function

Code:
import mysql.connector as mq

import pandas as pd

mydb=mq.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="spider",

database="school")

mycursor=mydb.cursor()

df1=pd.read_sql("Select * from sales;",mydb)

print(df1)

Output:
Code to connect to mysql database and print
table Sales where name like ‘%h%’

Code:
import mysql.connector as mq

import pandas as pd

mydb=mq.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="spider",

database="school")

mycursor=mydb.cursor()

qrystr="select * from sales where name like '%h%';"

df1=pd.read_sql(qrystr,mydb)

print(df1)

Output:
Code to connect to mysql database and count
locationID without any repitions

Code:
import mysql.connector as mq

import pandas as pd

mydb=mq.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="spider",

database="school")

mycursor=mydb.cursor()

df1=pd.read_sql("Select count(distinct LocationID) from sales;",mydb)

print(df1)

Output:
Code to connect to mysql database and :

• Create a table Studentinfo

• Add 6 rows
• Increase age for Amit by 1
• To display the records

Code:
import mysql.connector as mq

import pandas as pd

mydb=mq.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="spider",

database="school")

mycursor=mydb.cursor()

#Creating Studentinfo Table

mycursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS studentinfo")

mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE Studentinfo (name VARCHAR(30),

age INT(3), gender CHAR(1))")

#Inserting Rows in to the table

sql = """INSERT INTO studentinfo(name, age, gender) VALUES(%s,

%s, %s)"""

rows = [('Amit', 18,'M'),('Sudha',17,'F'),('Suma',19,'F'),\

('Paresh',19,'M'),('Ali',17,'M'),('Gargi',17,'F')]

mycursor.executemany(sql, rows)

mydb.commit()

#To display the records

sql = "SELECT * FROM studentinfo"

df1=pd.read_sql(sql,mydb)

print(df1)

mydb.close()
Output:
 CSV
A comma-separated values file is a delimited text file that uses a
comma to separate values. Each line of the file is a data record. Each
record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas. The use
of the comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file
format.
PROGRAMS
ON
CSV
Code to print data from csv file
“CSV example.csv”
Code:
import pandas

df=pandas.read_csv("CSV example.csv")

print(df)

Output:
Code to print data from csv file “Marks.csv”
and create columns total and average
Code:
import pandas

df1=pandas.read_csv("Marks.csv")

print(df1)

df1['Total']=df1['English']+df1['Maths']+df1['Science']

df1['Average']=df1['Total']/3

print(df1)

Output:
Code to connect to csv file “EMP.csv” and:

• Print csv table

• Print csv table without column name
• Print csv table changing column name
• Print maximum salary
• Print 3rd row only
Code:
import pandas

# Print csv table

df1=pandas.read_csv("EMP.csv")

print(df1)

#Print csv table without column name

df2=pandas.read_csv("EMP.csv",header=None,skiprows=1)

print(df2)
# Print csv table changing column name

df3=pandas.read_csv("EMP.csv",names=["Emp ID","Emp
Name","Designation","Salary"],skiprows=1)

print(df3)

#Print maximum salary

df4=pandas.read_csv("Emp.csv")

print("Maximum salary is",df4.Salary.max())

# Print 3rd row only

df5=pandas.read_csv("Emp.csv",nrows=3)

print(df5.tail(1))

Output:

1
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3
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