CAREER AS ORACLE DBA

From 2010 onwards, growth in data has been tremendous and so the demand for
professionals
and systems that can store, manage, secure and retrieve data faster.
Every year, young graduates leave the towers of college and
survey the landscape for computer jobs. They look at the salary
survey and drool at the average Oracle
DBA salary of 10 LPA and the prospect of earning up to 1.5
crore per year as a production DBA. Many of them don’t know
what a DBA does, but they surely like the money. However, the
high pay is a double-edged sword.
While being a DBA is exciting and lucrative, it’s a career choice
that requires months of preparation and commitment for
working in a 24x7 environment. Plus, a DBA is expected to
constantly keep-up with the rapidly-changing technology.
Because most Oracle Applications databases support mission
critical systems, a successful Oracle Applications DBA must have
these skills:
 Good Communication Skills: - Oracle DBA must interface
with the business application owners and expected to have
college-level communication skills, both Oral and Written.
 Graduation Degree: - Enterprises demand an Oracle DBA to
be at least graduate and firm understanding of business
purposes in order to impart duties as DBA role.
 DBA Skills: - A DBA staff must be trained on database
technologies and related technologies. Sometimes few
enterprise desire Oracle certifications like Oracle Certified
Associate or Oracle Certified Professional and an
understanding knowledge of Cloud or Infrastructure
technologies.

Why Oracle?
Because Oracle is one of the most popular and widely used
databases due to ease of management, scalability, security,
high performance and availability.
 What is database? Base
Data

Data is a collection of facts and figures System

such as numbers, words, measurements, Foundation
observations or just description of things.
Hub
For examples, name, location, contact
number, salary, etc. are some data Central Location
related to us. Picture, document, image,
etc. can also be considered data
 Database
A database is an organized and systematic collection of data
generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer
system. Database make data management easy

Q. Data can be stored in a spreadsheet or a text document as

well so why do we need a database?
* Database store information more efficiently. It can handle
volumes of information that would be unmanageable in a
spreadsheet.
* Spreadsheet have record limitations where database do
not
* Compared to databases, spreadsheet can require a large
amount of hard-disk space for data storage
* Joining data is a lot easier in DB than compared to text or
spreadsheets.
 RDBMS

•RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System

•A relational database is a type of database. It uses a structure that allows us to identify
and access data in relation to another piece of data in the database. Often, data in a
relational database is organized into tables.
What is SQL?
 SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used to
communicate with data stored in a relational database management
system. SQL syntax is similar to English language, which makes it relatively
easy to read, write, update or translate data.
 SQL is pronounced in two ways. You can pronounce it by speaking each
litter like “S Q L”, or pronounce it using the word “sequel”.
 It was invented in 1970s by IBM and the first version was called SEQUEL
(Structured English QUERY Language). Later it was changed to SQL
because SEQUEL was already trademarked by an Airline company.
 SQL is not a database; it is a command line language that many RDBMS
use to access the data from tables
 Example statement : SELECT * FROM tablename;

Top 5 RDBMS Using SQL

1) Oracle DBA
 It is a product by Oracle and its enterprise version was
released in 1979
 It is a database commonly used for running online
transaction processing, data warehousing and mixed data
workloads
 Oracle is one of the biggest vendor in the IT market

2) Microsoft SQL Server

 MS SQL server is a relational database server by Microsoft
 Its first version was released in 1988
 It is among the most stable, secure and reliable database
solutions
 It supports wide variety of transaction processing, analytics,
and business intelligence applications in corporate IT
environments
 MS SQL Server primarily competes against Oracle DB and
IBM DB2
3) MySQL
 A Swedish company called MySQL AB originally developed MySQL in 1994
 It is a community developed open source and its first version was released in 1995
 The US Tech company Syn Microsystems then took full ownership when they bought MySQL
AB in 2008
 US tech giant Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems itself, and its MySQL has been practically
owned by Oracle
 Even though MySQL is an open source, you can buy a commercial version from Oracle to get
premium support services
 The main advantages of MySQL are that it is easy to use, inexpensive, reliable (has been
around since 1995), and has a large community of developers who can help answer
questions.

4) PostgreSQL
 Community developed open source and its first version was released in 1987
 It was originally named as POSTGRES, referring to its origins as a successor to the Ingres
database developed by the University of California, Berkeley.
 In 1996, the project was renamed to PostgreSQL to reflect its support for SQL
 After a review in 2007, the development team decided to keep the name PostgreSQL
5) MaraDB
 Community developed open source and its first version was
released in 2009
 Development is led by some of its orginal developers of
MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its acquisition
by Oracle Corporation in 2009
 MariaDB is named after Monty’s young daughter, Maria

In this course our focus will be on Oracle Database

What is Oracle Database?

Oracle database is a relational database management system. It is also
called OracleDB, or simply Oracle. It is produced and marketed by Oracle
Corporation. It was created in 1977 by Lawrence Ellison and other
engineers. It is one of the most popular relational database engines in the IT
market for storing, organizing, and retrieving data.
Oracle database was the first DB that designed for enterprise grid
computing and data warehousing. Enterprise grid computing provides the
most flexible and cost-effective way to manage information and
applications. It uses SQL queries as a language for interacting with the
database.
The Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is the largest software company to
develop and markets computer software applications for
business. The company is best known for its Oracle
database products and, more recently, cloud products and
services. Its relational database was the first to
support SQL, which has since become the industry
standard.

Editions of Oracle database

Oracle database is compatible with a wide range of
platforms such as Windows, UNIX, Linux, and macOS. It
supports several operating systems like IBM AIX, HP-UX,
Linux, Microsoft Windows Server, Solaris, SunOS, macOS,
etc. In the late 1990s, Oracle began supporting open
platforms like GNU/Linux.
 Oracle Database Editions
Oracle provides three main editions of Oracle Databases as
follows:
1) Enterprise Edition (EE) is the common and expensive
edition of the Oracle Database. It has the following
characteristics:
 No maximum number of CPUs
 No limits on memory or database size
 Include premium features that are not available in other
editions.
2) Standard Edition (SE) is a limited edition of the Enterprise
Edition that has the following characteristics:
 Limited to four or fewer CPUs
 No limit on memory or database size
 Include many features, but no as many as EE
3) Expression Edition (XE) is a free-to-use version of the Oracle
Database that is available on both Windows and GNU/Linux
platforms. These are the features of Oracle Database XE 18c:
 Limited to 2 CPUs
 Can use the maximum of 2GB of RAM, and has 12GB of user data.
 Very limited features
The Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is the largest software company to develop and markets computer
software applications for business. The company is best known for its Oracle database
products and, more recently, cloud products and services. Its relational database was
the first to support SQL, which has since become the industry standard.
Oracle database is one of the most trusted and widely used relational database engines.
The biggest rival of Oracle database is Microsoft's SQL Server.
Oracle Database History

Oracle was founded on June 16, 1977 by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed
Oates under the name Software Development Laboratories (SDL). Until 1979,
the company did not succeed with this name, and in 1979, three adventurous
friends who changed the company name to Relational Software Inc worked in
Relational Software Inc. until 1982. The brilliant trio, which has consistently
focused on Database management systems and made its first database trial with
IBM, failed.
In one of the following experiments, the Oracle Database System developed
under the leadership of Bob Miner. In 1982, the name of the company was
identified with the name of its products and changed to Oracle Systems
Corporation. It was changed to Oracle Corporation in 1995 and this name has
continued to this day.

Oracle Release Versions

TOP Features according to Version of Oracle database from the first version are
as follows.
Oracle v3, 1983 Concurrency control, data distribution, scalability

Oracle v4, 1984 Multiversion read consistency

Client/server computing Support & distributed database

Oracle v5, 1985
systems

Row-level locking, scalability, online backup and

Oracle v6, 1988
recovery, PL/SQL, Oracle Parallel Server

PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Shared Cursors, Cost

Oracle 7, 1992
Based Optimizer, Transparent Application Failover

Recovery Manager, Partitioning, Dataguard, Native internet

Oracle 8, 1997
protocols, Java, Virtual Private Database

Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle XML DB, Data

Oracle 9, 2001
Mining, Streams, Logical Standby
 Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database,
Oracle 10gR1, 2003
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor

Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing,

Oracle 10gR2, 2005
Advanced Compression, Transparent Data Encryption

Oracle 11gR1, 2007 Active Data Guard, Secure Files, Exadata

Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar Compression, Cluster File

Oracle 11gR2, 2009
System, Golden Gate Replication, Database Appliance

Multitenant architecture, In-Memory Column Store,

Oracle 12cR1, 2013
Native JSON, SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service

Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata

Oracle 12cR2, 2016
Cloud Service, Cloud at Customer

Autonomous Database, Data Guard Multi-Instance Redo Apply,

Oracle 18c, 2018
Polymorphic Table Functions, Active Directory Integration

Automatic Indexing, Data-guard DML Redirect,Partitioned

Oracle 19c, 2019
Hybrid Tables, Real-time Stats + Stats Only Queries
Importance of Oracle
It is one of the oldest database management companies in the world. It has always
focused on enterprise needs and kept up with the newest technological developments.
As a result, its products are constantly updated with new features. For example, the most
recent Oracle database, 19C, is also available on Oracle Cloud. Oracle allows users to
select from various database editions to meet their specific demands with a cost-
effective solution.
Oracle Database Features
Oracle database manages data with the help of an open, complete, and
integrated approach. The following are features that complete the
demand for powerful database management:
Availability: It is never offline or out of service that means supported 24*7
availability of the database. It provides high availability of databases because of
the Oracle Data Guard functionality. This functionality allows using of the
secondary database as a copy of the primary database during any failure. As a
result, all normal processes such as backups and partial failures do not interrupt
the database from being used.

Security: Oracle has a mechanism for controlling and accessing the database to
prevent unauthorized access. It provides high security because of the Oracle
Advanced Security features. It offers two solutions to protect databases that are
TDE (Transparent Data Encryption) and Data Redaction. TDE supports data
encryption both at the source and after export. Redaction is performed at the
application level. Oracle has some other security features like Oracle Database
Vault that regulates user privileges and Oracle Label Security.
Scalability: It provides features like RAC (Real Application Cluster) and
Portability, which makes an Oracle database scalable based on usage. In a
clustered environment, it includes capabilities such as rolling instance
migrations, performing upgrades, maintaining application continuity,
quality of service management, etc.

Performance: Oracle provides performance optimization tools such as

Oracle Advanced Compression, Oracle Database In-Memory, Oracle Real
Application Testing, and Oracle Times Ten Application-Tier Database
Cache. Their main objective is to improve system performance to the
highest possible level.

Analytics: Oracle has the following solutions in the field of analytics:

o OLAP (Oracle Analytic Processing): It is an implementation of Oracle for
doing complicated analytical calculations on business data.
o Oracle Advanced Analytics: It is a technical combination of Oracle R
Enterprise and Oracle Data Mining that assists customers in determining
predictive business models through data and text mining, as well as statistical
data computation.
Management: Oracle Multitenant is a database management tool that combines a single
container database with many pluggable databases in a consolidated design.

Advantages of Oracle Database

The following are the main advantages of an Oracle database:
Performance: Oracle has procedures and principles that help us to get high levels of
database performance. We can increase query execution time and operations with the use
of performance optimization techniques in its database. This technique helps to retrieve
and alter data faster.
Portability: The Oracle database can be ported on all different platforms than any of its
competitors. We can use this database on around 20 networking protocols as well as over
100 hardware platforms. This database makes it simple to write an Oracle application by
making changes to the OS and hardware in a secure manner.

Backup and Recovery: It is always better to take a proper backup of your entire oracle
online backup and recovery. The Oracle database makes it easy to accomplish recovery
quickly by using the. RMAN (Recovery Manager) functionality. It can recover or restore
database files during downtime or outages. It can be used for online backups, archived
backups, and continuous archiving. We can also use SQL* PLUS for recovery, which is
known as user-managed recovery.
PL/SQL: One of the greatest benefits of using the Oracle database is to support
PL/SQL extension for procedural programming.

Multiple Database: Oracle database allows several database instances management

on a single server. It provides an instance caging approach for managing CPU
allocations on a server hosting database instances. The database resource
management and instance caging can work together to manage services across
multiple instances.

Flashback Technology: This advantage comes with the recent Oracle version. It
allows us to recover those data that are incorrectly deleted or lost by human errors
like accidental deletion of valuable data, deleting the wrong data, or dropping the
table.
Disadvantages of Oracle Database
The following are the disadvantages of the Oracle database:
Complexity: Oracle is not recommended to use when the users are not technically
savvy and have limited technical skills required to deal with the Oracle Database. It is
also not advised to use if the company is looking for a database with limited
functionality and easy to use.

Cost: The price of Oracle products is very high in comparison to other databases.
Therefore users are more likely to choose other less expensive options such as MS SQL
Server, MySQL, etc.

Difficult to manage: Oracle databases are often much more complex and difficult in
terms of the management of certain activities.
What is Oracle Learning Path?
About this course: -
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Oracle DBA 19c Training