ARUSHA TECHNICAL COLLEGE

TUTORIAL SHEET 1

GST 06101 : COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

 1 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1 Coordinate Geometry

1.1 Angle Formed Between Two Straight Lines

1. Find the angle between the line joining the points (1, −2), (3, 2) and the line x + 2y − 7 = 0

2. If A(−2, 1), B(2, 3) and C(−2, −4) are three points, find the angle between BA and BC

3. Angle of a line with the positive direction of the x−axis is θ (θ is acute). The line is rotated
about some point on it in anticlockwise direction by angle 450 and its slope becomes 3. Find
the angle θ.

π
4. Two medians drawn from acute angles of a right angled triangles intersect at an angle of .
6
If the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle is 3 units, then find the area of the triangle.

1.2 Slope and Equation of a Straight Line

1. Find the value of λ if 2 is slope of the line through (2, 5) and (λ, 7).

2. Prove that the points (a, b + c), (b, c + a) and (c, a + b) are collinear.

3. Prove that the line joining the points (2, −3) and (−5, 1) is parallel to the line joining (7, −1)
and (0, 3)

4. Find the equation of a line passing through the point (2, −3) and is parallel to x−axis.

5. Find the equation of a line passing through the point (3, 4) and is perpendicular to y−axis.

6. Find the equation of a straight line which is equidistant from the lines x = 6 and x = 10.

7. Find the equation of a straight line which cuts off an intercept of 7 units on y−axis and has
the slope 3.

8. Find the equation of a straight line which cuts off an intercept of 4 units from y−axis and

are equally inclined with the axes.

Module Ass. Lecturer Oscar Menrad Msamba

1.3 Polar Coordinate 1 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

9. Find the equation of a line which passes through the point (1, 2) and makes an angle θ with
3
the positive direction of x−axis, where cosθ = − .
4

10. Find the equation of a line passes through the point (2, 3) so that the segment of the line
intercepted between the axes is bisected at this point.

11. Find the equation of a line parallel to 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and passes through (2, 3).

12. Find the equation of a line parallel to 3x − 4y + 6 = 0 and passing through the midpoint of
the line joining the points (2, 3) and (4, −1).

13. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 2x − 3y − 5 = 0 and cutting an intercept 1 on

the x−axis.

1.3 Polar Coordinate

1. Find the polar co-ordinates of the points whose cartesian co-ordinate are (3, −4) and (−3, 4)

2. Transform the equation r2 = a2 into cartesian form.

3. Transform the equation r = 2acos3θ into cartesian form.

x2 y2
4. Transform the equation 2
+ = 1 into polar form.
a b2

5. Transform the equation 2x2 + 3xy + 2y 2 = 1 into polar form.

6. Convert r = 4tanθsecθ into its equivalent cartesian equation.

7. Sketch the curves given by the following polar equations:

(a) r = 3(1 + cosθ)

(b) r = 4cos2θ

(c) r = 2(1 − sinθ)

1
(d) r = 3cos θ
2

Module Ass. Lecturer Oscar Menrad Msamba

1.4 Tangent Line to a Circle 1 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1.4 Tangent Line to a Circle

1. Prove that the line y = x + 2 touches the circle x2 + y 2 = 2. Find its point of contact.

2. Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y 2 = 9 at (2, 4).

3. Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y 2 = 9 at x = 2.

4. Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y 2 = 9 at (y = 4).

5. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y 2 = 4 parallel to the line 3x + 2y + 5 = 0

6. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 +y 2 = 9 perpendicular to the line 4x+3y = 0.

7. Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y 2 = 25 through (7, 1).

1.5 Common Chord, Common Tangent and Radical Axis to a Circle

1. Find the equation of the common chord of the circles x2 + y 2 + 3x + 5y + 4 = 0 and

x2 + y 2 + 5x + 3y + 4 = 0.

2. Find the lengths of the common chord of the circles x2 + y 2 + 3x + 5y + 4 = 0 and x2 + y 2 +

5x + 3y + 4 = 0.

3. Find the equation of the circle whose diameter is the common chord of the circles x2 + y 2 +
2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y 2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0

4. Find the common tangent to the circles x2 +y 2 −2x−6y +9 = 0 and x2 +y 2 +6x−2y +1 = 0

intersect.

5. Find the circle whose diameter is the common chord of the circles x2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0

and x2 + y 2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0

6. Find the equation of a circle passing throught the points of intersection of the circles x2 +
y 2 + 13x − 3y = 0 and 2x2 + 2y 2 + 4x − 7y − 25 = 0 and the point (1, 1)

7. Find the radical axis of the two circles x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y 2 + 3x + 8y + 10 = 0

and hence show that the radical axis is perpendicular to the line connecting the centre of

two circles.

Module Ass. Lecturer Oscar Menrad Msamba

1.6 Touching Circles 1 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1.6 Touching Circles

1. Show that the circles x2 + y 2 − 10x + 4y − 20 = 0 and x2 + y 2 + 14x − 6y + 22 = 0 touch

each other. Find the coordinates of the point of contact and the equation of the common
tangent at the point of contact.

2. Find the equation of a circle with center (4, 3) touching the circle x2 + y 2 = 1

3. If two circles x2 + y 2 + c2 = 2 and x2 + y 2 + c2 = 2by touches each other externally, prove

1 1 1
that = +
a2 b 2 c2

4. Find the equation of the smaller circle that touches the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 and passes through
the point (4, 3).

1.7 Orthogonal Circles

1. Find the angle at which the circles x2 + y 2 + x + y = 0 and x2 + y 2 + x − y = 0

2. If the two circles x2 + y 2 + 2a1 x + 2b1 y + c1 = 0 and x2 + y 2 + 2a2 x + 2b2 y + c2 = 0 intersect

orthogonally, prove that a1 a2 + b1 b2 = c1 + c2

3. If two circles 2x2 + 2y 2 − 3x + 6y + k = 0 and x2 + y 2 − 4x + 10y + 16 = 0 cut orthogonally,

find the value of k.

4. A circle passes through the origin and centre lies on the line y = x. If it cuts the circle

x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y + 18 = 0 orthogonally, find its equation.

5. Find the locus of the centres of the circle which cut the circle x2 + y 2 + 4x − 6y + 9 = 0 and
x2 + y 2 − 5x + 4y − 2 = 0 orthogonally.

6. Two circles having the radii r1 and r2 intersect orthogonally, find the length of the common
chord.

Module Ass. Lecturer Oscar Menrad Msamba

 2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

2 Differential Equations

2.1 Exact Differential Equations

1. For the following differential equations, check whether the equation is exact and obtain its

general solution.
 
y
a) 3x2 y +  dx + (x3 + ln x) dy = 0 Ans: Exact, x3 y + y ln x = c

x

b) (e2y + 1) cos xdx + (2e2y sin x) dy = 0 Ans: Exact, (e2y + 1) sin x = c

2. Under what conditions, the following differential equations are exact?

3
a) xy 3 dx + ax2 y 2 dy = 0 Ans: ,a =
2
b) (ax + y)dx + (kx + by)dy = 0 Ans: ,k = 1

3. Solve the following initial value problems

a) 3x2 y 4 dx + 4x3 y 3 dy = 0, y(1) = 2 Ans: Exact,x3 y 4 = 16

b) (1 + y)dy − (1 − x)dx = 0, y(1) = 0 Ans: Exact,(x − 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 1

2.2 Linear First Order Differential Equation

1. Find the general solution of the following first order linear differential equations

dy x x3 c
3
a) x + y = x + x, Ans: I.F = x, y= + +
dx 2 4 x  
dy 1
b) = cos3 x + ycot x, Ans: I.F = cosec x, y = sin x log |sin x| − sin2 x + c
 
dx 2

2. Taking x as the dependent variable and y as the independent variable, solve the following
differential equations;

dy 1
a) = , Ans: , x = (c + y)e−y
dx e−y − x
dy (c + y 2 )
4 2
b) (2x + y ) = y, Ans: , x=y
dx 2
Module Ass. Lecturer Oscar Menrad Msamba
2.3 Homogeneous Second Order Linear Differential Equation With
Constant Coefficients 2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

3. Solve the following initial value problems;

dy
a) + ytan x = sin 2x, y(0) = 1 Ans: , y = (3 − 2cos x)cos x
dx
dy x4 x6 17
3 5 2
b) x + y = 2x + x + x , y(1) = 0 Ans: , xy = x + + −
dx 4 6 12

2.3 Homogeneous Second Order Linear Differential Equation With

Constant Coefficients

1. Solve the following initial value problems

d2 y dy 0
a) 2
− − 12y = 0, y(0) = 4, y (0) = −5 Ans: , y(x) = e4x + 3e−3x
dx dx
3x
 
2
dy dy 0
x −
b) 4 + 12 + 9y = 0, y(0) = −1, y (0) = 2 Ans: , y(x) =  − 1 e 2
 
dx2 dx 2

d2 y dy
2
2. If a > 4b, then show that the solution of the differential equation + by = 0 can 2
+a
dx
v dx
u
a u
t 4b
px
be expressed as y(x) = e (Acosh qx + Bsinh qx) where p = − and q = a2 −
2 2

2.4 Non-Homogeneous Second Order Linear Differential Equation With

Constant Coefficients

1. Find the general solution of the following differential equations:

d2 y dy 3
a) 2
−2 − 3y = 6e−x − 8ex , Ans: , y(x) = Ae−x + Be3x − xe−x + 2ex
dx dx 2
d2 y 1
b) 2
+ 9y = cos 3x, Ans: , y(x) = Acos 3x + Bsin 3x + xsin3x
dx 6
d2 y dy
c) 2
−4 + 13y = 12e2x sin 3x, Ans: , y(x) = e2x [Acos 3x + Bsin 3x − 2xcos 3x]
dx dx
x
d2 y dy e−2x − 7x − 14
−2x −x
d) 3 +2 −y =e + x, Ans: , y(x) = Ae + Be 3 +
dx2 dx 7

Module Ass. Lecturer Oscar Menrad Msamba