DISCIPLINA
Física e Química A
ASSUNTO
AL 1.2 (QUÍMICA) – EFEITO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO NO EQUILÍBRIO QUÍMICO
DATA ANO/TURMA NOME NÚMERO
OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in chemical equilibrium in a aqueous system by varying the concentrations of
reactants and products.
QUESTION-PROBLEM
What changes are observed in the chemical equilibrium concerning the formation of iron(III) thiocyanate,
[FeSCN]²⁺, from the reaction between the iron(III) ion, Fe³⁺, and the thiocyanate ion, SCN⁻, when the
concentration of either a reactant or a product is altered?
THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION
Le Chatelier's Principle:
If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to
counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium.
The Effect of Concentration Changes on Equilibrium:
• The addition of reactants or products shifts the equilibrium towards their partial consumption (tending
to minimize the effect of the addition), proceeding, respectively, in the forward or reverse direction.
• The removal of reactants or products shifts the equilibrium towards their partial replenishment (tending
to minimize the effect produced), proceeding, respectively, in the reverse or forward direction.
Characteristics of the reaction under study:
We will deduce the shifts in equilibrium in a reaction involving colored reactants, where the intensity of the
color depends on the concentration.
Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]2+(aq)
Yellow Colorless Red
The tests will be carried out on a microscale (using reduced quantities of reagents), respecting one of the
principles of green chemistry.
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS BY WORKING GROUP:
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Microanalysis plate with 6 or more cavities Fe(NO3)3 (aq), at 0,010 mol dm−3
Micro-rods (or sticks) KSCN (aq), at 0,010 mol dm−3
5 Pasteur pipettes (droppers) NaHO (aq), at 0,010 mol dm−3
AgNO3 (aq), at 0,010 mol dm−3
Distilled water
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
PART I - PREPARATION OF THE MIXTURE OF SOLUTIONS IN
EQUILIBRIUM
Number the cavities of the microanalysis plate from 1 to 5 (Fig. 1).
Place 2 drops of Fe(NO3)3 (aq) and 2 drops of KSCN (aq) into
each of the cavities (Fig. 2).
Agitate using a micropipette (or toothpick) until the expected red
color develops.
The sample contained in cavity 1 will serve as the control sample.
PART II - STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VARYING REAGENT
CONCENTRATIONS ON THE EQUILIBRIUM
To the contents of cavity 1, add 2 drops of distilled water.
To the contents of cavity 2, add 2 drops of the aqueous solution of Fe(NO3)3.
Stir with a clean stirring rod. Observe and write down the color change.
To the contents of cavity 3, add 2 drops of the aqueous solution of KSCN.
Stir with a clean stirring rod. Observe and write down the color change.
To the contents of cavity 4, add 2 drops of the aqueous solution of NaOH.
Stir with a clean stirring rod. Observe and write down the color change.
To the contents of cavity 5, add 2 drops of the aqueous solution of AgNO3.
Stir with a clean stirring rod. Observe and write down the color change.
OBSERVATION LOGS
Create a suitable data table for recording observations and complete it.
SAMPLES UNDER STUDY
CAVITY 1 CAVITY 2 CAVITY 3 CAVITY 4 CAVITY 5
COLOR
1. Q POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS
2. Quais as variáveis a controlar e por que razão há controlo de variáveis durante os ensaios?
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3. Como reage o sistema à adição de Fe3+(aq)?
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4. Como reage o sistema à adição de SCN-(aq)?
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5. Como reage o sistema à adição de OH-(aq)?
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6. Como reage o sistema à adição de Ag+(aq)?
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