FUNCTIONS qd) “The pondpal abyective o$ calculus is the aarglaysi's af pro blons of chowge (suchas wation) ond of content (sock ase compubabion 2& onea and volume), Hos} appli cahous of calcula s (avolue SA ose of realuumbers or vanubles $s describe chongina quant has. Wa beats La aathouras cal Oma laysis Lo jeanne of O sctoabiQic st huation sa vader. hank (ue elolionsbiys oun ona, \Ue vanubles Slat descr’ be Me pea klum Such a ¢ latvons lip won be a forma \uad Rypeesses ong variable M4 berms of Woe obban This Toads Sa My vrbiron of fanchons 1A. The Fomedion Conceps Detinibon (Functron) A read valued Sumetion cle hs vad oma LED of crab numbers is a cule Jat assigns 4e each| awmber x in D exactly one veal asuber, demoted by Plat We set D af ell numbers Gor wlinck $09 86 deWoach called the domoin of {ee Sumction ¥. Thrrumber Sigj ts | called +e value of We Fometien 4 af Mle amber Lor point} PV le set of all values y=Fixj i's called the rome of $.Thakis, Vue Fone FP is We set 2445 F Od for some x €D4 When we ole senibe Lue function € by uniting a forma vedi, we call y the indopenclent variable (or arquuwas t col ¥ Nba dependant evdent vorty ble beccuse {he value 4 dQpends im She | roca of x, Wham ever a function fs given by an expliclf Vormurla wits no Wndormotion abaut $e valves of \be inde, endaud vorvable, ifiS undorsbood Maa tLe domain of \le function isle laraes Sth of values Por wlarch tre foruula cakes sease. This set Ps called Hue uatucal dowusty of ble Lun chion. For exauple, Vag uatueal dourcia of We fan chron 2 lx te Vx" Hs $le sefof all nonnegative vealaumbers and tLe natural dors of ¥ Sonchon F bts + is dle sef of all nonrers rumbus Dowrowns of Sanchions ane usually described laters of tatervals of coal numbers. A closed iaternol Lae dis iwsef! Loby=3u: agxeb}. Dx {le aller \oud , ple open faterval Care) is ded fnod as (ab) = Rx cx hd, Each of dhe bral§- open internals Lore) ond (arb) culating, exactly one of Shy eudpoats. The unbounded Interval (a0) Is the set of all neck uurbers that ane sre cHly great tr $row dO whartas Fhe unbourdod tateruat (-9/6] is She sef of alf veal numbors thot mre less {Lon or equal to 6. 1.2. Grorphs of La vations oad Functions Recall dhe glope~ here ee zqvation wemy'b of a strodght Aine with slope ws tan 8, Hl angle of Inclination 6, and y-intercept b. > The ole Sinitran As _ Sant Ay Xa-Xy, WM=of {le slope leads da dle point-slope eg vation © YY 2 4 (X-%) of fle steoigld Aina antl slope a Hat passes Sleough {Le as (xorg05 So Seem [Kmxy Ixus) x 4 = ox \2 Aged, Jlan wso cul tle ie is horizontal. }f Ax =o, + Pre tine bs vertical oud the slope of Fle tie is vob defined TVhe aquatvons 4emrth and y-yys (k=) cam boll be put Mabe (ue Fomm ola general Line eq vation Ax+By=C. i mversely, Mf R40, (lan we obboin slope-imborc eps Me equatiay 4 Uvicling Flats equation by B14 A= 0, (len bla. resulting vatton is Lhe eration of ao hore. onto Ue with Slope ere HE Bs but A¢o, tlen wa Lome the equation of a vertical Ate A sbrouight Aime Is a sivaple exanole of Sle graph Lan ef rahe DeSwikion (Gorogh ef an equation) | Le graph «9 an £4 vaHoy 14 two vowvables ¥ and 4 ts tle sef of aff polats Orig) da fhe plane \at salisha ye equation. Ror example, tLe graph ef Wo eq vation KeeQe= hs hs Sue circle of rocllus © cenbered ad ori, i4./Yore generally, + graph of She eo vortion (x-0)*+ (4-b)*= r? VS (ue circle of radius rh Comber (arb),Th rach of atumclin is special case of \Le aropls of an eq uation @® Dedaashom (Groh of o Romchran) The aap oh a dune bien F Is Mby apuphr of the eo vatian $24 (x) Ths Vbe gap ls af oa Sumchion S ts Whe se of all polaty ade plane hot hone $a Porm (x $01}, where x is Gla in He domain of $ P52 56y Eee Strce Abe second coordinate of such o Patt VS Iebermunre d arquely by ts vst coorclimate, we obbouu fhe Sollow ing use Sal pra perky. The Vutrcat Ling Test Each verbscal Une Varough a politi She dowrain ofc anchon weeds its graph Wr exactly ome potet. “VWs vo verde cou Aime coum lutherse A pHa graph of o Suncor ia more Yrwwn ove PelahT} Ven Sollous Mat a ciecle cannot oe We aycaply of a bunchion although Hhas tle gvoph of om equation. Some special Sunchwons nd Sheie graphs can be bderduc elas Ad\\ows. A Frunchon $s sould No bee consfened rh Sigee Son all, where CUS wm consdomns,TW tdendabs Sunchion 1s Ke Pancho 4 Slat assigns cack Auber ¥ $0 These f, (Wot is, Picts x for all v. Te abe salute value Sanction is dodinod by x fh xZ0, Fixy a iXts { va -%, 04 x20, Given ory, recakuumbser x, thy Jomaest iubeger not exceecling | Xi demoted by Lad, omd called as (le greasest inbeqer voulue | O8- x. Tr flaw mods, Let rs the unig ue integer n Suck float WExX< M4 The Sanchar (ats Leb ds called lie greatest sabe value funchion.Consitar 0 dunchin atin ba (le equation ys 4b Addngar | amttipl ying 4ixt or x by O consent com be rtenpreted opowutr cally, (6) . Adduna a positive coushmd cto FO} shifts dha graph of 4 uy by c units. + Adding a negative consant ¢ fo Lrg slafhs He grapl of clown by counts. Adding positive constant ¢ ts tle argument x shilbs fue Sap of £ c units be the left . Adalina AnLQALnL constant © be Va owquicant x shifts Khe oraph of t cuits to dle might + Multiplying 1%) by 0 constant c with cof stretches the ayrapl of fia {ha y- Urechon by a Sactor of c. + Malbelying 400 by 0 Cons bomb ec will ore ct Compresses the pap af Ain Hey ~cUlrrcton by a Larctor of 1. Malt plyro x by wm conshunt ¢ uaslth o>7 Comnpre ses Lle arog oh 4 an fla x -linec run bua factor obec. . Mal he lying x by a constant c uulth o- Fle} i's tle reflection of the groip of y= Foxy about He x-axis. A Lunchron £ ts sad to beom euin function of t= fos awd is Scud ta be am odd Sumchien F $(-xp 2 $0), Geometry cally, the araphs of eusn fanchions ane symmetn'c about Wa g-orcls amd the graphs ob odd funchors ane quant hr'e brat |{.4. Polynsariads coma Algebrou'e Funchwn s A tamotin oh YUL Lonm fide x® wlone aris Cons has, ts called a pomye Lone ion VF aso, wae bie hee cams ouk Sanction Sees ( owl ast, then we Vue tle ld hitb, Sanne ben Fac Wa mat, we con sivhtr Hae cose whan a is a paste lateger, Saw an. The shape of the aruph of a Powe fone fie Flct= x” olepends on why ter a is even on odd. The araghs of the evmn-learece poute Functions Re all “cup upward” \in>2 i's an eum dnteger, then te graph ysx" resembles w= x% bub ibis Flatter rear the ordain amd steeper uibta Ix\>A. 3 The graphs of Ve odd~ degree power fumefion ¢ x2 x3 x7. ll 39 “$rom Southwest to northeast” Puy 3 ls an odd tateqer, Lhun Hae araply of =x" resembles 42x} bub this flaHer reo he ordain ond sbeeper when |xhs4.TT bee grag =x” ara, home a quite difforent appearance NY He exponent ov ty vot a posthiae lecteger, For example, nt den, where 4 hs & posthue Vateaer, Lam | timexts ors Lb, pa x The following figures show SNe graphs of ys and ys 4, Pespec Hurl. 5 S ee! mse ty —T rp >x Oloserun What O 1s vat in Hoe damoula of such a Fan chien The reciprocal of amber close 0 tens ‘Ss very Longe ta +e oan Suc ound Huds explains tLe belautor of te graplis neow aera, Tle arophs ob $oq2 Le, fogs Ly. resemble Slat of Freie L and Hee graphs x xe of Fis Le, Fins 4. --- resemble thot of Pixs =t. x The graph 45 x* Ah be wre tinad x <0 ound a (i Mohan jubeage, Dr fle simplest such case, when kis teratvoual, ux do aot attempt +o doh x* 4 xdo, 6 fla grapl of x% ays ts only for x30. The siuotion is SHU more conan Iieateok NF Hua expontad a fo aahJom inbeqer We donot aHemet to define tre Qupressitn ®t ois Nereatronol at present. But if r= is rational, with bg Iabeous ow owl n Lr owt, Ad commay Jabea or toacten A awreyr ANaan 4, Hayy ue con write @) a eae x Fe Tem ound iaberpreh Fixiex%as a root fumotaon, Thy tyr cod prop erkies of suck famebions vs MWustrabed by tha graphs tt oetedsl ant gat ards Bo | Sarde o > a >» Supp ese bat $ ond 4 are teunctrans aan Us a axed numnlooe Tbe (scalar) multiple c$, Iresuur F493, the diblermce fg) the procyek $3, umd the quotrant Fare the new fumctrans nith Ke Lorwalas (hye « $ tw), ($49) Pas Fld +309, (F-aytxss F od ~g 09, Baters $60 960, 4 _ tbs (3) = gi! where x Lies ta dla douoain of bal $ owl 4 for las} four Ronmalas. Tn te dash Sormurln ure aust also require that Axl FO.A prbyromial of dearer ats famnchion af ply Porn POTS Onx" + Ogg KOs 4 1x 4 0, uunre He coedtrcitats a; ave Ldxed real uumbors Omd On #0. Vhs on ath dlegrea palyrouriaf i's a Sumn of Conclom) walt p les of Sle power Sanchrons 1,%, «3 x AL Hiv Hooree polypomca is Sluply a Yasar Suncton ayx+ao wlase yrapls is a strouight Une, A second-degree po lyrun'ol hs & guodrahre function whose BrP Ho Ogx* OX +00 19 O Porat alo. A Rens of a dunchion 2 tv a solu fiom of Vy equa tron dix so. TH es obvious thot {he aeros of Ph) ove preeivly $La x- Intercepts of ty grap we Sx), 1 leew Lo andorstoun ding the graphs of Qeglur-deg nee polayne nual s hs fhe Sundommanfol Wigoren of alae boo. C4 shotes Phot every ath-leanre polynouci hos 4 ero s (prssibl complex, poss! bly repeated). botlows Voda af r—dlegroe Polynomial has 12 nore thon 1 lisHact real eeres. Avrational Puncdron IS a quotient bas 2 Sus 4 (x) ob dane palgnomnials pcx) amd q(x Graphs of ra tonal Panchos ond polynomials home several prapehes tr Common, For @xome le, a rotional function has only a Sinite tumiber of aenes, since! Fd can be remo only when ble rumenator palyrnsunial 4 (x Ns Zero. Butte denominator poly aeniel q(x) aram, home o 2200 A paink xr whare Whe aumoralor bs vet zero, Da do's case Pha valve oS Ste) ail be vary Naurge br vragritude when y'sclosete a. T b's ab servation Imoulies Vat (x ara od a codional function or Wwe a Sealwee phat oa paleysnal Jeyraply com Lome on aguymp bale. Exoumple For fle ro onal Paunctron Sty x (M42) 0-1) ; (x41) (X-2) He x-inborcegds ane xo-2, x59 ad x1, ted Hea aswmp Soh s X=~\, X=2 caccespend te Aly aera of bby donaminodor wo Aw algeloroule Lumetion is ona whose Pomnula can be constructed bealaning wi! ty power Fumchions aed aye | wing dlogbrade operations of addition, Subsiroction, walt pl'ca bon ha, real mua ben, cau HHy Mica ti, Aiwiston, and/or raot—Sa ling Tus po Lyvom cals and rational Lunctrons ane alaebrou'c Pumcbions, But whoreas emery polavomiol i's Hebiud euorgul on dle rtah Lig, om evra rodronal fanchion is de Huad emery wilane exceot ab She Linthely wnomy aeras of ts donouduator Pre matumal damon 29 an olaebrovie Oot soa, be quite Alaaitid Moreover, Var arog h 2 fevers polapamila| or na voral Camction fooks surosth wlore thls debnred, but tle arapl of ow clgtbrade Samcbiory rows exibit Conagrs or shany cuss wore it does 2 look smaoth (blee tly araply oP ¥(xistel af x=0 ), 1.4. Composition of Functions and Truro Functions Turse Rarnchions com be combiieckin wet onoflie- wor, Debinition (Cumpositen) Let 4 and 4 te funchon The Sanction (405) (= 5 (309) ‘Ss called She Composite § D unity 4. THe clomradn at fog ts Hye sed of all x Wa 4 lg claurouin oh 4 suck that GK) bs ten [tre olonnain of $Oar Camprsite danchons got, fof ond 60 on con be eR ued ty Wha some wd. The operation of Coumbyatny ume fous ta Waly ara is called compasitivn, Coun pasitian of Canclen 1s win-Coumutotive, Huot ts $09 £404 14 gurl, For example, Let Soars dx! od 9 d= -*t Them Gab)ea= 9 Fis) = -(VR)'=-* ‘S dofivad for all ronneqatve value of x, wildly (404) (1s $ (gus) = V-x* iS undalired Lon ull vonaere valuts ol x. The operation of counpagiHon can ia uslue ware thrown Lure chons. Fav exounple, Peale Lo, g lxle x? awl Ud 2/5 Lan Z (Fogo h) txts + (9 Chto!) = § (9 (e)-Fode 4+, (ogo) ore WC 3 Fea) = UC CAS) WC A) © amd So Qn. Bedwuthion (Onebo-ove Lanehon) The Cane ben $!s said Ho be one-fo-ove 0% 5 Notumat davon DSM, Alven v4 onl Ye lA S, xy eX, \waplies throat ¥ (q\# 443), Tawords, a one-to-one Lunctron 2 wraps distinct patty MAS the disHact polats,Conn gles The bn chon @ Pins eh unl he YF SS CUBp-berove Since Fue Hay ap TEL AEL as Ukea) carnfe (le) > XK FX qrh = XK Hy RQ SAK KY K, 2K = 20. DD MEK Jaap ies Mant $ 0a) #418) provided Hhod xc#%2. 04 Ua ollur Nod, Hare Sanction Sisis xis nof Ous-focone he coy se =F] bot P(e FO). @ The Aroghy of any Ramchton has 4Le property \bok 19 Wha cod Una com (nbersect the graph ty wrone throm one parla. Tbe graph OL & oe —$o -ore fumctron Mas (he odd Hora Proporks Word Ao harigontok Adve coum intersect dha graph is more than ona potat Dehwibron (Dyverse Sancho) A § action gis tle tavorse| ile Punrckion $ whan $( gins Lor cack x ly Woo damon, of 4 ona) B[ Lt =% for eck x iin Mee douroia of £ [i be Lanelien 9 i densted by ¢7! Here are same Impor tout observahions o out (auase func brows. tha Ss the inuarse Function of $, Slen Lis the (ruerse dune ol 9. o The domouin of £15 the rou e of 2, anol the vomge ah $hig the domoty ab 4, oA Sarchion ated woh Nave on tverse Sumetion, but wen Wedoes, Wa tnuarse furctron és WAiq we,IE ATs Ma gyuerse of a unedin ws filxl, Haun thre dyn of F's Hea grap of 4 la tly Yew yo% ® To see Meas Let a bea any p aind Ge dom of $.1$ b= 8 (ay, Yhan as $b}. Thus, SG SUE pommd Corb) Es on he graph of Hen dhe point (bro) belongs bo He araph of $7! These two pornds ane Somme hove mlout Me dla SEK Dy Goch, the ae Through He points Corb) om (ba) hos slope ark bo-o and bance perpen dealer Vo Ww Mon yan, while the wasp oat oF He Mua seqment soiuing Cao} ond (bia) o's (ab, ash) 2 iy watch Ales on Hae Adie we. Not enters Lanchon Wor on Inuwse, ond above reflechive prrperky Imiplies the horizonfol lw fest. The Existence of on Dyverse Function A Panction Kas om ln werse function fb and oly, Mts one —to one. T here owe Loree classes of Sanctions which are aug—+o-ang ond ence Wow Inuarses, Let F bea fanrction with dacuoyr d, Far x MEDS, x12 tarpltes $04) $ bea), fron $s sord bo be doctea sing pr Dd. VRE aragh of a decreasing, Punchon Lally as Hee x- eaordunates of Sle pots Pyne Lag} to aighhiln he chouroula, | BD Qanc hoon i larele bs entre increasing or decreasing ite | called marsbone. Bu Se Woriran\od Mt dest a wana tone daarchimn Ss onp—torear aud Wace hos an (aude. Lrverse of oo Marotone Fuurction Every Mcerasing funchan los on ICeeashey Muse Se andl dobe decreasing, Lumctron War a decreasing nurse. Thay resolt Nerplies Shot evans wronstone func iis oae- foramen. The comm se of tly stobeuat Mower, 's rat true ha Bencak, Tene oe 04R~to~ 04g Furcctros which ane avidly laceeasing Aor decreasing. The graph of sucha Qunchion is shown below. 1.8. TVRraonamedmre Functions Consider Nhe Sotlourng might tevanale witl an acute auagle & A, b ©Re gairdiva, Gas the indoyindent vowvakle, we tates olvee sly SN a itn, Lrloa now Wea ar fueron Ss: snq= 14a » CasGe oh & temgs Jao \oAt Von} Vo | \ : ! 1 Se oe . ee a ene eee Now wea insert Soe \rvangle OAK Ma Kha auth ciecle x4t=4 OS In (We following Siauee, 5 Then the coordinutes x amd 4 0% tha poit P sais hy X= sO, > Slob. Tose Sorunlas coun be used ho dots cosing amd Mae nad only For an acute avgle bub also for any arbitrary O with OL 6s 460° Ragles owe regarded os pasiive whan waas ured dn Hae counterclockune line chon, and as negatiue when meas 1A the clockutse rection. As um imuedhiale consequence of these dPinthion swe obted, dhe Vuapor bomb formulas Cos*O4Sin*O=|, (Case) ct, lsinf} <] voll for all &, OL Rue Arumlos com be deduced Sram the 9 vali above, Far examele, {+hon*@s Sec2 ond 14 cot Os csc? Ta Mle figure of unt ctecle obrue, the pole M las coorclivate(4,0). By We codton measure of the angle Gwe orton the length eh Va ore MP regarded asa “ matnsionlass” ruunber Since We circumPtrence of tbe unib creche t's 277, i Loflow tbat @ 460 dearer s = 2TT rockin 180 doearees=W roduians, TTharePare , _-, 4 Aagree = i90 ocuian A codon = a clogree. Unless otherwise is slated, ua rasure all auales ia Hhet, Vadkion waa sures, Wore domerally, the cleche ter alosue Yas radius 4 (en, radian measure of @ is dedived as = , where L ds Sha |enathl ob Abe ane MP ( Phe Length uns ta forming & cancel out, ond Lite is why codtan aeosure is urensiontess). ‘berefore Lhe dre Lenabh is sd) Lac® Ther i ale ao shaple Qopemuala iC. dhe area A ofa civcula Btclor of vodlius ¢ whase central ougleis & Clearly, Ais proportional bo & so we coin wnihe A=, whare bis the constand of properhionality. To Arferauiine & we obser that A= Trt wlin G=27 Thus :Tete 2k a k=te% ail wre Wane Asie 6. For cay Iudeaer a, adding 2Mq rochian, fo tle onyle & has Ao e&8ack ow la Ynul posi tren on $he coordinates of bbe Corea spondalan paint, rod os, on He values ob cosiny anil sto Therefore, Cos( H+ 2itnl=cash, Ssia(G42Ma\ = sing for emery inteaer a. Al Sa, Clunaivg Oto ~ G causes tbe pam P=(x3)=(G56,sh6) 40 99 dads She point Ps (x, ~y)= (Cas 65-9 FY Ns reSle ction ta tbe x-ova's. But P's (co s(- 8), Sia(-9y) amd hance Cos(-P)= Cos amd Sta (-#) = ~ sing, Te Sest Sonuuula telly us tat cosine is an Cudn Sunctron onad fle Second Hhak sine ts an odd Samrchin Wh Sal owing, ental gabon of a Pythogareun Weg oan, SH pack carlo usedal doal Oe slung rapnocednle pra klons Leh OA be amy Yrianghe andl let Goethe angle at Lae vertex O, Then cha th 2abls & where a= LOA, b> loBl, and c= (40). Nohice {at h O= q, dean the tow of CONES reclyces ote Past bonoreon Wesreny c*s0*4h” Werww shuda She graplas o$ doen fanchions donstys tLe \ndepondant vor ble bs x ta teod oF @ and a SSueeutng Hah x ig measured Im voduian s,oous Haures show Mant the avaplis of stax are cas ona. Curve wich oscillates up ond dawn i a cepchiive wronnen Ve part of Wa graph of sing over every interval Qn | Stax] Z since [sine] <4 and D>, TWorefore, )sinx) 2x) Soe aff %#9, amd iy Pact @) \sinx) < IxI rats far atl M, Slace Sbnged. 1.6. Danurse tei Qaua widede Furrefrony We arw con sioler dhe ora lum of JoHainy sultolle invarses of We six basic trigowum ebrie Po nchions. Each of Sw se nchions t's periodic, and Kence canvut be one-fo-ovg ou! fs natural olovroriin oS da®saltion, The functions tat ane called | Muara broonamelric fumebions cure actually taverses of triqog Metre Pamchons whose domains one been restricted wil out changing thelr canges. oT he slaw Function 1's one-to-one on tle itirval (-£,2] Or Ware interval wo com cle fire the invorse of tla restricted stae function, olenoted by wresiae and called the inverse sive Panchion , as A=Oresinx OF ong! only if x= Sing whore =) €X<1 ond ~Deorcumee td. Domo : [-F ET] Domown: [-1,1) Range = (-Wt J Romge: (-2-F] Noe \rat omcsiny i's Increasing, Also ante that Ascolese, Ye One Sin(-x) > -K= Siny > X = —Siny E> x= Sin(-y) E> 4 = OW Six SD YS OWES IY,eThe casing tumediin tS Ou-ho- ow only tuteeved Cori. On Slay user wx can dedtew the tuarse of Whe ristriched Cosine danchion, olensted oy arceasn and called Ley dnwrse casing Luncheon, os @s Y= Owecos% SE ound ously if x= Cosy, wero Vex 21 amd OL OWeCogK ET, | =I / (Dyers 3 | Oould| Demrowe, (1.0) Raowge = (=n td Romae: Lot) Note that wnceosx 18 decrea Sing, Comparison ot He graphs of ovrccosy and arcsinx shows that Fe graph of amccosx can be obteweud Srour that ob ares lax by caflection i Hla y-axis followed by on upward shift of T wale) Varedore, arccosxs E zt One uly (-x) or equivalently OC SIAK + OF CONS = fq, Stuce orestuy ts odd. e Thee fangont Rancbion iS e4e-to~ons on ifs priiciped bromel (-2.8). On ads (ubervod we com dete (he inverse of the restn'eley amen function, denoted by arctan ond calfet tle (aurse Fomaunt Gore bien, as yeorchony Sond oly if x= tong, where —a< x cd ond -Tconclomes Z.Doron: (-2.09) Romae : (-2-00} Romae: (-E, 2) Wole flat archanx iS Mceasing ard odd Since Ys oretom (-x) => -x= tomy > x= - tony > X= ton(-y) &> - 45 dnc tony > 45 —onclanx. Th colomaont dumctron $S one-forone on its prreie al bron ch, (O/T). Qn Huts nderval we coun dodine he tnuorse of ble eeshricteal colomgent Lanction, denoted by onceetx and calle Hie dauwse colowyent fuwnclian, @s yeorccotx 4 ond ouly Po xscofty, jw Ligne 0 < x<0 Od O< OW CLOF KC T. Romose :( 0,71) Mole thot orccotx is decreasing. Compars son of the acaprs of arccaby ano anctanx shows tha The aap of owccotx Sobloined Froen thot of onctonx bu ceflection in tle y-orets. Followed by an upward stuff of x unit, Tlorefore,awe catxs E+ ow clan (-x) @) or 2q uivolent\y, ownchonxs anccoty=E, Stuce arefamy iy add. e The cosecand Function 0s one bo ary 04 f{-Z, ou(oT). dy Alas Sef W2 Can doting dle Imnurse of Kat Mestricdicl cosecous dumchon, dewrted by arcesex ond called the lnwrre cose cant dumction, os wy sore CSex SE one! only . X>CScy, were DAZ and -T < oncesex sE y ET owith arcesex £0. (esse 5 aig i x — i \ = ™ Domara: (a) U(0E] Domouin. [x\> | Powge > Ix1>1 Romge-(-B,9)u(o F] Node What ow ccsex ts decreasing aud odd Since SF QVC CSC (~x) > = X= CSCy So XE CSCY S XE CSC(-¥) => -yrorecsex SS ye —arecscx Te secant Pumeion tls ane—fo-one on [oT) u(E.7].Oa ths see we com debine He Inverse of He resticteg secent Punction, chenalel ba orcseex amd called the inverse secant Punchion, as! | | se arcsecn b awd ouly $ x=secu, | what xy { oa O4, omrol the negative of the area unglor fle curve from tex fo 451 Ne oe bfTh os cleaw frtmn Hue aba Haures Haat a2 area occurs ule yet, Sa Utd. Whin xe, Ly arta anoler $le curve get fm bax te ds) commod be tinthe, $7 the arta is unde Pived Tharchare, $y wo beral domain of Caw its Cocoa, flatrs, he sek of all pasitiur neck aman ber S, andl Mts Camge rs (~ea cal tbo Ks dha set of all read vuwabers. Mareaver, for x>1 Lhe onra gets bigger when x grws, and bance tre Run eho Inx I'S IACKeo Sina, ou (4, 09). For ocx ct Sa ania A aths bigger w un K Bulls, so that A decreases but -A, flak is, daw dacoga ses. As o resalt, AAx is am Increasing Lanrction on tts domroulin, au Lance hs x-intercept 's (49). | Strce the \uvarse of set Ws bEsel, ue cosorue flap he following shoded ona equal, Foe, we Lae Aro(Abcdyet(a-1) <1-£ oud Area( FAEG)+ (7-2). ls 4, ad, bs, Sommeters obrut bee Ue yet, at ron Artal HGE)+ Ana (Ec) Since the shaded was corespend $>- lab and Ang, respectinly, we conclude tat Ant z—bna.Lab e be Ste wurber such that () Maes, Satis, Har number Sar wich fle detinvag arta ANS precisely equals 4. » ‘ ee 5 Le the Laure ghave each af tha rectangles Ra Ras and Rs bas $e area L. Let A,=[ rea under SLe comme se + tram t=( 40 45 2] A, =( aren uwoler Lhe conve at Snr t22 to +24] AytAs = [ata under Lue cunmwe gt draun +2 140 424] t= [one under tle cur 4 frau t=1 to bse] Stace A, & Area Ra) + Arta (Ra) = l= Area (Re) sArca[ Rs) ye Ax ela, Ino, 7 Sula ce We grapes owe Save we lowe Manes Anx+ Amor TT Le Some concly sion com be sleailanly deduced when odo 0, Mersy, oy all x, To port cular, since Wake O,we bmn |. A key properts, gor Vea expouen bio, wuluich Pollows drain ty {orvmbo of the Jagarisuue of a product sas Follows, Exponential od oa Suma Far all x oma wa, we haw eX Le eo?Selina dex da $a lon ue Dormant vag Rant tok G4) Cath Oe Chey hai aiaes that e*. x The fametron ois Savor tous ta 4s own right. This a positive decr asing a lo diuad Lonall x, > Since omy ow bo trars, pears oP Mle mumbo e is delved, Some com bee done Pon omy positive Auurber O. For amy posit ut ruatber 2, oe Sumo hion | x x } ox nee Ys Sou'd da be txponan biol Lonction fo the louse a. mule Pete, Ce a ha porpoche ¢ Lollowyarg Saar those for e% For ex cup le, we Lows earl - 7 KUsag, A sw Oo, OUR, (sa, Cob) *= 0% b%, for all ado, bS 2, %, ond y- [.9.Looapithne ts Aus Bose The inverse of We Qunchron ak ig called ily (oqo hnn Panction to tly ose o, ond dowrfeol ow Noaa%. Here a's posiive, but we must exclucke tle case ASI, Sil ce tly func lier Polis wi} one—to-ong, omol lunce hasna inverse. The drurouln adJixistoa,x Nos damian (oie) ond ibs conyers (-00, 00. Thus wa une ol Oda% a) don xa, Joa, a* ox, for all x, PT he equation atte leap lies that aleey(laar) te Since e% is onpetar ons, Hh Set hows Guan the Last ecqua brn that (a) (Logan) = hear x or equivalently Jog, = fax Moa Note that Mase, dhen Joy, = Any, Moreover, we rout Nog A = 0, 409,224, 409, (L)=—Aoa,x Nog, \x4)=A0g,,x + Ado, Loa, (¥)s hog.x ~ hay, 4% Aaa, b” = vlog h, vein. 1£ ond b are posdbive wun bers AU Pewen$ Laos 4 then ie pacts colow, fe Keo, we Pandl flaoit A= A052 Loa or equivalently Aog ®= tL, 4% 4996 Tig ts Known ag Hee base chem inny Oe lt140, \We Genseorl Pro wer Function & Lak a be ony crak ammo, For x0 the dune bien 7 MS xoe xs 6 4 whxeo > Saud So be o general pour RecA, The Sonuusla eax oaeblar with the o bru deinen Obes : chase Max® 4 a =é or din x% = ow An x Sow any real vos leer a, Tus resalh famplies Fat dog, x* = bAog, x as wall “Tl Follows, propor eg of bho aensrok poe Pare liven follow Jemma diately Rroun ole Cutboon: ~o + a a~ eh aak, x =L, OTe y 6. un Gy=x - x x