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Lesson 2 Cell Theory Hand Out

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Lesson 2 Cell Theory Hand Out

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liuvincilozada17
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General Biology 1 | Madelyn De La Rosa

LESSON 2: CELL THEORY

CELL THEORY
• The CELL THEORY, or cell doctrine, states that all organisms are composed of similar
units of organization, called cells, and has remained as the foundation of modern biology.

DEVELOPMENT OF CELL THEORY:


1. Credit for the first compound (more than one lens) microscope is usually given to
Zacharias Jansen, of Middleburg, Holland, around the year 1595. Since Jansen was very
young at that time, it's possible that his father Hans made the first one, but young Jansen
perfected the production. Details about the first Jansen microscopes are not clear, but
there is some evidence which allows us to make some guesses about them (Jansen
microscopes).
2. In 1663 an English scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells in a piece of cork, which he
examined under his primitive microscope. Actually, Hooke only observed cell walls
because cork cells are dead and without cytoplasmic contents. Hooke drew the cells he
saw and also coined the word CELL. The word cell is derived from the Latin word 'cellula'
which means small compartment. Hooke published his findings in his famous work,
Microqraphia: Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Glasses
(1665).
3. Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), a Dutch businessman and a contemporary of
Hooke used his own (single lens) monocular microscopes and was the first person to
observe bacteria and protozoa. Leeuwenhoek looked at animal and plant tissues, at
mineral crystals, and at fossils. He was the first to see microscopic single celled protists
with shells, the foraminifera, which he described as "little cockles. . . no bigger than a
coarse sand-grain." He discovered blood cells and was the first to see living sperm cells
of animals. He discovered microscopic animals such as nematodes (round worms) and
rotifers. The list of his discoveries is long. Leeuwenhoek soon became famous as his
letters were published and translated.
4. Around 1833 Robert Brown reported the discovery of the nucleus. Brown was a naturalist
who visited the "colonies of Australia" from 1801 through 1805, where he cataloged and
described over 1,700 new species of plants. Brown was an accomplished technician and
an extraordinarily gifted observer of microscopic phenomena.
5. It was the German professor of botany at the University of Jena, Dr. Matthias J. Schleiden,
who brought the nucleus to popular attention, and to assert its all-importance in the
function of a cell. He outlined his views in an epochal paper published in Muller's Archives
in 1838, under title of "Beitrage zur Phytogenesis." This paper is of value, yet the most
important outgrowth of Schleiden's observations of the nucleus did not spring from his own
labors, but from those of a friend to whom he mentioned his discoveries the year before
their publication.
6. In 1839, Schwann recognized a cell-like character of certain animal tissues. Schwann felt
that this similarity could not be mere coincidence, and it seemed to fit when Schleiden
called his attention to the nucleus. Then at once he reasoned that if there really is the
correspondence between vegetable and animal tissues that he suspected, and if the
nucleus is so important in the vegetable cell as Schleiden believed, the nucleus should
also be found in the ultimate particles of animal tissues.
7. The cell theory was refined further in 1858, when another German biologist, Rudolf
Virchow presented the idea “Omnis Cellula e Cellula” and gave the idea that all cells arise
from pre-existing cells. Thus, this breakthrough paved way to Modern Cell Theory.

CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT OF SCIENTIST AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS:


• Hans and Zacharias Jansen - Credited for the production of lenses.
• Robert Hooke
o English Scientist who coined the term “CELL”
o He found it in a cork
o Inventor of the compound microscope.
o Micrographia
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
o Dutch Businessman
o Described cells in a drop of pond water that he called “animalcules”.
o “Father of Ancient Microbiology”
• Scientist discovered the cell nucleus:

1
General Biology 1 | Madelyn De La Rosa

o Robert Brown (1933): discovered the nucleus in plant cells.


o Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1938): concluded the all plant tissues are composed of
cells.
o Theodor Schwann (1939): German zoologist, concluded that all animal tissues are
composed of cells. Proposed the cell theory
• Rudolph Virchow
o Completed the cell theory by expounding his famous conclusion “omnis cellula e
cellula” or cells develop from pre-existing cells.

CELL THEORY TIMELINE:

REVISED CELL THEORY:


1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & organization of all living organisms.
3. Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic
material on their daughter cells (Spontaneous Generation does not occur).

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