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Selenium Interview Questions for 3-5

Years of Experience
Archana Ramchandra Nale + Follow

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Published Oct 2, 2024

Selenium is one of the most widely used tools for web application testing. For
professionals with 3-5 years of experience, interviewers expect knowledge that goes
beyond basics and covers real-world scenarios. Below are commonly asked
Selenium interview questions along with detailed answers to help you prepare
effectively.

1. What are the advantages of Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver provides a programming interface to interact with web

applications, enabling browser automation. The key advantages include:
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Open-source:Like
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 Supports multiple languages: Works with Java, Python, C#, Ruby, etc.

Cross-browser testing: Supports all major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and IE.

Cross-platform: Can run on Windows, Mac, and Linux.

Integration: Easily integrates with tools like TestNG, Maven, Jenkins, and Git for CI/CD.
2. What is the difference between findElement and findElements in Selenium?

findElement: Returns the first web element that matches the locator. If no element is
found, it throws a NoSuchElementException.

findElements: Returns a list of all matching elements. If no elements are found, it returns
an empty list, preventing exceptions.

3. How do you locate elements on a webpage using Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver provides several ways to locate elements:

By ID: driver.findElement(By.id("element_id"));

By Name: driver.findElement(By.name("element_name"));

By Class Name: driver.findElement(By.className("element_class"));

By XPath: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//tag[@attribute='value']"));

By CSS Selector: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("css_selector"));

By Link Text: driver.findElement(By.linkText("Link Text"));

By Tag Name: driver.findElement(By.tagName("tag_name"));

4. What are the types of locators supported by Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver supports the following locators:

ID

Name

Class Name
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Tag Name
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 Link Text/Partial Link Text

CSS Selector

XPath
5. How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?

Dynamic elements are those whose properties (like ID or class) change dynamically.
To handle such elements:

Use dynamic XPath or CSS selectors: For example, use XPath with contains
(//div[contains(@id,'dynamic')]) or starts-with (//div[starts-with(@id,'prefix')]).

Waits: Use explicit waits to wait until an element is present or visible.

6. What is the importance of implicit and explicit waits in Selenium WebDriver?

Implicit Wait: Tells the WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time while trying to find
an element if it’s not immediately available. Example:

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Explicit Wait: Waits for a specific condition to be true before proceeding. Example:

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("ele

7. How do you manage multiple windows and frames in Selenium?

Windows: Use getWindowHandles() to switch between different browser windows.

String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
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for (String window : allWindows) {

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 driver.switchTo().window(window);
}

Frames: Use switchTo().frame() to switch between frames.

driver.switchTo().frame("frame_name");

8. Explain TestNG and its role in Selenium test automation.

TestNG (Test Next Generation) is a testing framework used with Selenium to

organize test cases, generate reports, and handle exceptions. Key features include:

Annotations: @Test, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, etc.

Test execution: Run multiple tests with parallel execution.

Assertions: Verify expected vs actual results.

Reports: TestNG generates detailed HTML reports.

9. How do you perform mouse and keyboard actions in Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium provides the Actions class for performing complex actions like mouse
hover, drag-and-drop, and keyboard actions.

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.moveToElement(element).click().perform(); // Mouse hover a
actions.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).perform(); // Keyboard action

10. What are the advantages and limitations of Selenium for test automation?

Advantages:

Open-source,
19 · 1 Comment supports multiple languages and browsers.

Can be integrated
Like with tools for continuous testing (Jenkins, Maven, etc.).
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 Large community support.

Limitations:

Cannot automate desktop applications.

Does not have built-in reporting features.

Limited support for handling pop-ups and captcha.

11. How do you handle SSL certificates and security issues in Selenium?

To bypass SSL certificate errors, use the following capabilities:

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();

capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS, true);

12. Can Selenium automate mobile application testing? If yes, how?

Selenium cannot directly automate mobile applications. However, it can be used

with Appium, a mobile testing framework that supports Selenium WebDriver to
automate Android and iOS apps.

13. How do you manage test data and configurations in Selenium tests?

Test data and configurations can be managed using:

External files: Property files, Excel, CSV, or XML files.

DataProviders: TestNG provides the @DataProvider annotation to pass test data.

14. What is Page Object Model (POM), and why is it used in Selenium automation?

POM is a design pattern that promotes the creation of an object repository for web
elements. It helps in:

Code reusability: Web elements are defined once and reused across tests.

Maintenance: Any UI changes require updates in only one place.

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 public class LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
By username = By.id("user");
By password = By.id("pass");

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver){

this.driver = driver;
}
public void login(String user, String pass){
driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);
}
}

15. How do you handle exceptions and errors in Selenium WebDriver scripts?

Common exceptions include NoSuchElementException,

StaleElementReferenceException, etc. You can handle exceptions using try-catch
blocks or using WebDriver’s built-in wait strategies to avoid race conditions.

16. How do you take screenshots in Selenium?

Selenium provides the TakesScreenshot interface for taking screenshots.

File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputT

FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("screenshot.png"));

17. What is DataProvider in TestNG?

DataProvider is a TestNG feature used to supply test data to a test method. It helps
in parameterizing tests.

@DataProvider(name = "testData")
public
19 Object[][] getData(){
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return new Object[][] { {"data1"}, {"data2"} };
} Like Comment
 @Test(dataProvider = "testData")
public void testMethod(String data){
System.out.println(data);
}

18. How do you validate whether links on a webpage are valid?

You can validate links by sending HTTP requests and checking the response codes.
Links are valid if the response code is 200.

HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)new URL(url).open

connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.connect();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == 200) {
System.out.println("Link is valid");
}

19. How do you manage drag-and-drop actions in Selenium?

The Actions class is used for drag-and-drop operations.

Actions action = new Actions(driver);

action.dragAndDrop(sourceElement, targetElement).perform();

20. What is the purpose of the testng.xml file?

The testng.xml file is used to define and configure test suites, test groups, and
parameters for test execution. It allows the parallel execution of tests and provides
an easy way to organize test cases.

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Swapnali Saykar 4d
Test Engineer QA Engineer || Manual QA || Selenium || Java || API || TestNG || Maven || ETL || SQL || DWH || POSTM…

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