College of Civil Engineering INS 361E – Hydraulics

Civil Engineering Department

Hydraulics Division Exercises – VI

Open Channel Flow – 1

Exercise 1: Water flows at a rate of 30 m³/s in the trapezoidal channel

shown in the figure. Determine the normal flow depth by using the

channel slope as 0.0009 (Strickler roughness factor is 75).

Exercise 2: Water flows in the rectangular channel shown in the figure. The channel slope

is 0.0004 and the Strickler roughness factor is 70. Determine the mean velocity and the

flowrate in the channel.

Exercise 3: The flowrate in a rectangular channel, which is 5 m wide, is given as 30 m³/s. Determine the normal depth

of flow knowing that the slope of the channel is 0.0004 and the Strickler roughness factor is 70.

Exercise 4: Water flows at a rate of 20 m³/s in the channel shown in the figure. The

channel slope is 0.0005 and the Strickler roughness factor is 70. Design the channel by

the aid of the best hydraulic cross-section notion.

Exercise 5: Calculate the discharge through

the channel and floodplain shown in the figure.

The channel slope is 0.0005 and the Strickler

roughness factors are k1=k3=25, k2=70.

Exercise 6: Water flows at a depth of 2 m in

the trapezoidal channel shown in the figure. The channel slope is 0.0004

and the Strickler roughness factor is 70.

 Compute the flow rate.

 Determine the Reynolds Number of the flow (water=10-6 m²/s).
 Determine the Froude Number of the flow.

Exercise 7: The specific energy level of a flow in a rectangular channel of 7 m width is equal to 3.2 m.

 Draw the Koch parabola.

 Determine the critical depth.
 Determine the maximum flow rate that may occur in the channel for a specific energy level of 3.2 m
 Compute the rate of flow that can be carried at a depth of 2.6 m.
 Determine the depths and types of flow when the discharge is 32 m³/s.
 College of Civil Engineering INS 361E – Hydraulics
Civil Engineering Department
Hydraulics Division Exercises – VI

Open Channel Flow – 1

SOLUTION 1:

𝐴 = 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝑃 = 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑅𝐻 = 𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠

10 + 4ℎ0
𝐴= ℎ0 → 𝐴 = (5 + 2ℎ0 )ℎ0 ; 𝑃 = 5 + 1.803ℎ0 + 2.692ℎ0 → 𝑃 = 5 + 4.495ℎ0
2
2/3
𝐴 (5 + 2ℎ0 )ℎ0 (5 + 2ℎ0 )ℎ0
𝑅𝐻 = = ; 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑞. : 𝑄 = 𝑘. (𝑅𝐻 )2/3 . (𝐼0 )1/2 . 𝐴 → 30 = 75. [ ] . √0.0009. (5 + 2ℎ0 )ℎ0
𝑃 5 + 4.495ℎ0 5 + 4.495ℎ0

By trial-error method, ℎ0 = 1.573 𝑚

SOLUTION 2:

10 2/3
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑞. : 𝑄 = 𝑘. (𝑅𝐻 )2/3 . (𝐼0 )1/2 . 𝐴 → 𝑄 = 70. [ ] . √0.0004. 10 → 𝑄 = 15.019 𝑚3 /𝑠
9

SOLUTION 3:

𝐴 5ℎ0 5ℎ0 2/3

𝑅𝐻 = = ; 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑞. : 𝑄 = 𝑘. (𝑅𝐻 )2/3 . (𝐼0 )1/2 . 𝐴 → 30 = 70. [ ] . √0.0004. 5ℎ0 → ℎ0 = 3.369 𝑚
𝑃 5 + 2ℎ0 5 + 2ℎ0

SOLUTION 4:

𝜕𝑃 ℎ
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: = 0; 𝐴 = (𝐵 + ) ℎ; 𝑃 = 𝐵 + 2.414ℎ
𝜕ℎ 2

𝜕(𝐵 + 2.414ℎ) ℎ 𝐴 ℎ 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 𝐴 ℎ
; 𝐴 = (𝐵 + ) ℎ → 𝐵= − → = ( − + 2.414ℎ)
𝜕ℎ 2 ℎ 2 𝜕ℎ 𝜕ℎ ℎ 2

𝜕𝑃 𝜕 𝐴 𝜕𝑃 𝐴
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴)𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡; = ( + ℎ(2.414 − 0.5)) ; = − 2 + (2.414 − 0.5) → 𝑨 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟏𝒉𝟐
𝜕ℎ 𝜕ℎ ℎ 𝜕ℎ ℎ

𝐴 ℎ 1.91ℎ2 ℎ 𝐴 1.91ℎ2
𝑃 = 𝐵 + 2.414ℎ → 𝑃 = − + 2.414ℎ → 𝑃 = − + 2.41ℎ → 𝑃 = 3.82ℎ → 𝑅𝐻 = = = 0.50ℎ
ℎ 2 ℎ 2 𝑃 3.82ℎ
2 1
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑞. : 𝑄 = 𝑘. (𝑅𝐻 )3 . (𝐼0 )2 . 𝐴 → 𝑄 = 70. [0.5ℎ]2/3 . √0.0005. (1.91ℎ2 ) → ℎ = 2.43 𝑚; 𝐵 = 3.43 𝑚

SOLUTION 5:

13 m

1 3
2

First region: 𝐴 = 5 𝑚2 , 𝑃 = 6.80 𝑚, 𝑅 = 𝐴/𝑃 = 5/6.80 = 0.74 𝑚, 𝑄1 = 25. [0.74]2/3 . √0.0005. (5) = 2.29 𝑚3 /𝑠

Second region: 𝐴 = 25.5 𝑚2 , 𝑃 = 11.21 𝑚, 𝑅 = 𝐴/𝑃 = 25.5/11.21 = 2.27 𝑚, 𝑄2 = 70. [2.27]2/3 . √0.0005. (25.5) = 68.9 𝑚3 /𝑠

Third region: 𝐴 = 4 𝑚2 , 𝑃 = 5.8 𝑚, 𝑅 = 𝐴/𝑃 = 4/5.8 = 0.69 𝑚, 𝑄3 = 25. [0.69]2/3 . √0.0005. (4) = 1.75 𝑚3 /𝑠

𝑄 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 = 72.98 𝑚3/𝑠
 College of Civil Engineering INS 361E – Hydraulics
Civil Engineering Department
Hydraulics Division Exercises – VI

Open Channel Flow – 1

SOLUTION 6:

𝐴 18 2 𝑚
𝐴 = 18 𝑚2 , 𝑃 = 14 𝑚, 𝑅 = = = 1.29 𝑚, 𝑉 = 70. [1.29]3 . √0.0004 = 1.66 , 𝑄 = 𝑉. 𝐴 = (1.66). (18) = 29.88 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑃 14 𝑠

𝑉. 𝐷 𝑉. 4𝑅 (1.66). 4. (1.29)
𝑅𝑒 = = = = (8.57). 106 > 2000~2500 (𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤)
𝜈 𝜈 10−6

𝐴 = 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐿 = 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

𝑉 1.66
𝐹𝑟 = = = 0.45 < 1 (𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤)
√𝑔. 𝐴 √(9.81). 18
𝐿 13

SOLUTION 7:

𝑉2 𝑄2
𝐸 =ℎ+ → 𝐸=ℎ+ → 𝑄 = √(𝐸 − ℎ). 2𝑔. 𝐴2 → 𝑸 = 𝑩. 𝒉. √(𝑬 − 𝒉). 𝟐𝒈
2𝑔 2𝑔. 𝐴2

a.
Koch Parabola
3
h (m) Q (m /s)
3.50
0.00 0.00
3.00
0.50 25.47
1.00 45.99 2.50 Subcritical Flow Qmax=68.32;
1.50 60.64 2.00 hcr=2.13
h (m)

2.00 67.93
1.50 Supercritical Flow
2.13 68.32
2.50 64.85 1.00
3.00 41.60 0.50
3.20 0.00
0.00
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
Q (m3/s)

b. ℎ𝑐𝑟 = (2/3)𝐸 = 2.13 𝑚 c. 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7. (2.13). √(3.2 − 2.13). (19.62) = 68.32 𝑚3 /𝑠

d. 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7. (2.6). √(3.2 − 2.6). (19.62) = 62.44 𝑚3 /𝑠

e.

𝑄2 322
𝐸 =ℎ+ → 3.2 = ℎ + → 𝐵𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 − 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑:
2𝑔. 𝐴2 (19.62). (7. ℎ)2

ℎ1 = 0.65 𝑚 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤); ℎ2 = 3.09 𝑚 (𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤)