CHE 220-THERMODYNAMICS I

HOMEWORK VII
SPRING 2024
Q1. A heat engine with a thermal efficiency of 45 percent rejects 500 kJ/kg of heat. How much
heat does it receive?

Q2. What is the Kelvin–Planck expression of the second law of thermodynamics?

Q3. A heat engine is operating on a Carnot cycle and has a thermal efficiency of 55 percent. The
waste heat from this engine is rejected to a nearby lake at 60 °F at a rate of 800 Btu/min.
Determine (a) the power output of the engine and (b) the temperature of the source.
Q4. During the isothermal heat addition process of a Carnot cycle, 900 kJ of heat is added to the
working fluid from a source at 400 °C. Determine (a) the entropy change of the working fluid, (b)
the entropy change of the source, and (c) the total entropy change for the process.

Q5. A household refrigerator runs one-fourth of the time and removes heat from the food
compartment at an average rate of 800 kJ/h. If the COP of the refrigerator is 2.2, determine the
power the refrigerator draws when running.

Q6. A Carnot heat engine operates between a source at 1000 K and a sink at 300 K. If the heat
engine is supplied with heat at a rate of 800 kJ/min, determine (a) the thermal efficiency and (b)
the power output of this heat engine.

Q7. A refrigerator is to remove heat from the cooled space at a rate of 300 kJ/min to maintain its
temperature at -8°C. If the air surrounding the refrigerator is at 25°C, determine the minimum
power input required for this refrigerator.

Q8. Air is compressed by a 12-kW compressor from P1 to P2. The air temperature is maintained
constant at 25°C during this process as a result of heat transfer to the surrounding medium at
10°C. Determine the rate of entropy change of the air. State the assumptions made in solving this
problem.

Q9. Refrigerant-134a enters the coils of the evaporator of a refrigeration system as a saturated
liquid–vapor mixture at a pressure of 160 kPa. The refrigerant absorbs 180 kJ of heat from the
cooled space, which is maintained at -5°C, and leaves as saturated vapor at the same pressure.
Determine (a) the entropy change of the refrigerant, (b) the entropy change of the cooled space,
and (c) the total entropy change for this process.

Q10. The radiator of a steam heating system has a volume of 20 L and is filled with superheated
water vapor at 200 kPa and 150°C. At this moment both the inlet and the exit valves to the radiator
are closed. After a while the temperature of the steam drops to 40°C as a result of heat transfer
to the room air. Determine the entropy change of the steam during this process.

Q11. A 0.5-m3 rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 200 kPa and 40 percent quality. Heat
is transferred now to the refrigerant from a source at 35°C until the pressure rises to 400 kPa.
Determine (a) the entropy change of the refrigerant, (b) the entropy change of the heat source,
and (c) the total entropy change for this process.
Q12. A well-insulated rigid tank contains 2 kg of a saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water at 100
kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistance heater placed
in the tank is now turned on and kept on until all the liquid in the tank is vaporized. Determine the
entropy change of the steam during this process.

Q13. A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains 1.5
kg of compressed liquid water at 300 kPa and 60°C while the other part is evacuated. The partition
is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank. Determine the entropy change of
water during this process if the final pressure in the tank is 15 kPa.

Q14. Steam at 6000 kPa and 500°C enters a steady-flow turbine. The steam expands in the turbine
while doing work until the pressure is 1000 kPa. When the pressure is 1000 kPa, 10 percent of the
steam is removed from the turbine for other uses. The remaining 90 percent of the steam
continues to expand through the turbine while doing work and leaves the turbine at 10 kPa. The
entire expansion process by the steam through the turbine is reversible and adiabatic.

(a) Sketch the process on a T-s diagram with respect to the saturation lines. Be sure to label the
data states and the lines of constant pressure.
(b) If the turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 85 percent, what is the work done by the steam
as it flows through the turbine per unit mass of steam flowing into the turbine, in kJ/kg?

Q15. An insulated piston–cylinder device initially contains 300 L of air at 120 kPa and 17°C. Air is
now heated for 15 min by a 200-W resistance heater placed inside the cylinder. The pressure of
air is maintained constant during this process. Determine the entropy change of air, assuming (a)
constant specific heats and (b) variable specific heats.

Q16. Air is compressed steadily by a 5-kW compressor from 100 kPa and 17°C to 600 kPa and
167°C at a rate of 1.6 kg/min. During this process, some heat transfer takes place between the
compressor and the surrounding medium at 17°C. Determine the rate of entropy change of air
during this process.

Q17. Consider a power plant operating on a Rankine cycle using. Superheated steam at
350 oC and 3.5 MPa is entering an isentropic turbine in a steam power plant and leaves as a
high-quality saturated water-vapor mix at 105 oC. The boiler and the condenser are
operating isobarically. If the mass flow ratein the system is 10,800 kg/hr, calculate the
efficiency of the plant.
Q18. The net work output and the thermal efficiency for the Carnot and the simple ideal Rankine
cycles with steam as the working fluid are to be calculated and compared. Steam enters the
turbine in both cases at 10 MPa as a saturated vapor, and the condenser pressure is 20 kPa. In the
Rankine cycle, the condenser exit state is saturated liquid and in the Carnot cycle, the boiler inlet
state is saturated liquid. Draw the T-s diagrams for both cycles.

Q19. Consider a power plant operating on a Rankine cycle using steam as the working fluid. The
boiler pressure is 2.5 MPa and the steam leaving the boiler is superheated to a temperature 126°C
above its saturation temperature. The condenser temperature is 50°C and it discharges saturated
liquid. The turbine and pump have isentropic efficiencies of 0.90 and 0.80, respectively. Calculate
the thermal efficiency of the cycle.