High Voltage, Current Shunt Monitor AD8215

FEATURES
4000 V HBM ESD High common-mode voltage range 2 V to +65 V operating 3 V to +68 V survival Buffered output voltage Wide operating temperature range 8-Lead SOIC_N: 40C to +125C Excellent ac and dc performance 6 V/C typical offset drift 8 ppm/C typical gain drift 120 dB typical CMRR at dc

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

IN+ IN

A1 PROPRIETARY OFFSET CIRCUITRY

V+

OUT G = +20

APPLICATIONS
High-side current sensing Motor controls Transmission controls Engine management Suspension controls Vehicle dynamic controls DC-to-dc converters

GND

Figure 1.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD8215 is a high voltage, precision current shunt monitor. It features a set gain of 20 V/V, with a maximum 0.3% gain error over the entire temperature range. The buffered output voltage directly interfaces with any typical converter. Excellent commonmode rejection from 2 V to +65 V is independent of the 5 V supply. The AD8215 performs unidirectional current measurements across a shunt resistor in a variety of industrial and automotive applications, such as motor controls, solenoid controls, or battery management. Special circuitry is devoted to output linearity being maintained throughout the input differential voltage range of 0 mV to 250 mV, regardless of the common-mode voltage present. The AD8215 has an operating temperature range of 40C to +125C and is offered in a small 8-lead SOIC_N package.

Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.

07203-001

AD8215

AD8215 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications....................................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 5 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 10 Application Notes ........................................................................... 11 Output Linearity......................................................................... 11 Applications Information .............................................................. 12 High-Side Current Sensing with a Low-Side Switch ............. 12 High-Side Current Sensing ....................................................... 12 Low-Side Current Sensing ........................................................ 12 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 13 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 13

REVISION HISTORY
1/08Revision 0: Initial Version

Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 16

AD8215 SPECIFICATIONS
TOPR = 40C to +125C, TA = 25C, VS = 5 V, RL = 25 k (RL is the output load resistor), unless otherwise noted. Table 1.
Parameter GAIN Initial Accuracy Accuracy Over Temperature Drift VOLTAGE OFFSET Offset Voltage, RTI Over Temperature, RTI Drift INPUT Input Impedance Differential Common Mode Common-Mode Input Voltage Range Differential Input Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio OUTPUT Output Voltage Range Low 0.10 Output Voltage Range High Output Impedance DYNAMIC RESPONSE Small Signal 3 dB Bandwidth Slew Rate NOISE 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, RTI Spectral Density, 1 kHz, RTI POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current Over Temperature Power Supply Rejection Ratio TEMPERATURE RANGE For Specified Performance
1

Min

Typ 20

Max

Unit V/V % % ppm/C mV mV V/C

Conditions

0.15 0.3 15 1 2.5 +18

VO 0.1 V dc, TA TOPR TOPR TA TOPR TOPR

15

+6

5 5 3.5 2 100 80 250 120 90 0.03 4.95 4.90 2 450 4.5 7 70 4.5 1.3 75 40 +125 5.5 2.2 +65

k M k V mV dB dB V V V V kHz V/s V p-p nV/Hz V mA dB C

Common-mode voltage > 5 V Common-mode voltage < 5 V Common-mode continuous Differential input voltage TOPR, f = dc to 50 kHz, VCM > 5 V TOPR, f = dc to 40 kHz, VCM < 5 V TA TOPR TA TOPR

TOPR TA

VCM > 5 V 1 , TOPR TOPR

When the input common-mode voltage is less than 5 V, the supply current increases, which can be calculated by IS = 0.275 (VCM) + 2.5.

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AD8215 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 2.
Parameter Supply Voltage Continuous Input Voltage Continuous Differential Input Voltage Reverse Supply Voltage Human Body Model (HBM) ESD Rating Charged Device Model (CDM) ESD Rating Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Output Short-Circuit Duration Rating 12.5 V 3 V to +68 V 0.5 V 0.3 V 4000 V 1000 V 40C to +125C 65C to +150C Indefinite

ESD CAUTION

Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

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AD8215 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

1 8

IN 1 GND 2 NC 3

+IN NC V+
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AD8215

7 6 5

6
5 5

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TOP VIEW NC 4 (Not to Scale)

OUT

NC = NO CONNECT

Figure 2. Metallization Diagram

Figure 3. Pin Configuration

Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. 1 2 3, 4, 7 5 6 8 Mnemonic IN GND NC OUT V+ +IN X 228 273 N/A +265 +273 +229 Y +519 251 N/A 466 266 +519 Description Inverting Input. Ground. No Connect. Buffered Output. Supply. Noninverting Input.

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AD8215 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

07203-017

20

20

40

60

80

100

120

100k FREQUENCY (Hz)

1M

10M

TEMPERATURE (C)

Figure 4. Typical Offset Drift vs. Temperature

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 7. Typical Small Signal Bandwidth (VOUT = 200 mV p-p)

10 9

TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%)

COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE >5V

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CMRR (dB)

COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE <5V

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0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 250 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)

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Figure 5. Typical CMRR vs. Frequency

2500 2000 1500

Figure 8. Total Output Error vs. Differential Input Voltage

480 490

GAIN ERROR (ppm)

1000 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

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INPUT BIAS CURRENT (A)

500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) VIN

VIN+

2500 40

TEMPERATURE (C)

Figure 6. Typical Gain Error vs. Temperature

Figure 9. Input Bias Current vs. Differential Input Voltage, VCM = 0 V

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1.2 40

GAIN (dB)

VOSI (mV)

0.2

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 10k

AD8215
120 110

INPUT BIAS CURRENT (A)

100 90 IN+ 80 70 IN 60 50 40 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
2 1

100mV/DIV

INPUT

1V/DIV

OUTPUT

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TIME (400ns/DIV)

Figure 10. Input Bias Current vs. Differential Input Voltage, VCM = 5 V
0.8 0.4

Figure 13. Fall Time

INPUT
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (mA)
0

100mV/DIV
0.4 0.8 1.2
1

OUTPUT

1V/DIV
1.6 2.0 2.4 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 65 INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
2

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TIME (400ns/DIV)

Figure 11. Input Bias Current vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage

4.0

Figure 14. Rise Time

200mV/DIV

3.5

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

3.0

INPUT
1

2.5

2V/DIV

2.0

65

INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)

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1.0 4

TIME (1s/DIV)

Figure 12. Supply Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage

Figure 15. Differential Overload Recovery (Falling)

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1.5

OUTPUT
2

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AD8215
12
INPUT

MAXIMUM OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA)

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 40

200mV/DIV
1

OUTPUT

2V/DIV
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20

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

TEMPERATURE (C)

Figure 16. Differential Overload Recovery (Rising)

Figure 19. Maximum Output Sink Current vs. Temperature

10

2V/DIV

MAXIMUM OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA)

0.01%/DIV

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20

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

TEMPERATURE (C)

Figure 17. Settling Time (Falling)

Figure 20. Maximum Output Source Current vs. Temperature

5.0 4.6

2V/DIV
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V)
4.2 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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0.01%/DIV

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TIME (4s/DIV)

1.0 OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA)

Figure 18. Settling Time (Rising)

Figure 21. Output Voltage Range vs. Output Source Current

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07203-011

TIME (4s/DIV)

4 40

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TIME (1s/DIV)

AD8215
2.0

2400 2100

OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V)

1.6

1800 1500
COUNT
0.8 0.4
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1.2

1200 900 600 300

10

11

12

14

12

10

OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA)

GAIN DRIFT (ppm/C)

Figure 22. Output Voltage Range from GND vs. Output Sink Current
3500 3000 2500

Figure 24. Gain Drift Distribution

+125C +25C 40C

1600 1400 1200 1000

COUNT

COUNT

2000 1500

800 600

1000

400
500 0 2 1 0 VOS (mV) 1 2

200 0 20

07203-021

15

10

10

15

20

OFFSET DRIFT (V/C)

Figure 23. Offset Distribution

Figure 25. Offset Drift

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AD8215 THEORY OF OPERATION

In typical applications, the AD8215 amplifies a small differential input voltage generated by the load current flowing through a shunt resistor. The AD8215 rejects high common-mode voltages (up to 65 V) and provides a ground-referenced, buffered output that interfaces with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Figure 26 shows a simplified schematic of the AD8215.
ISHUNT RSHUNT IIN R1 R

A load current flowing through the external shunt resistor produces a voltage at the input terminals of the AD8215. The input terminals are connected to A1 by R and R1. The inverting terminal, which has very high input impedance, is held to (VCM) (ISHUNT RSHUNT) because negligible current flows through R. A1 forces the noninverting input to the same potential. Therefore, the current that flows through R1 is equal to IIN = (ISHUNT RSHUNT)/R1 This current (IIN) is converted back to a voltage via ROUT. The output buffer amplifier has a gain of 20 V/V and offers excellent accuracy as the internal gain setting resistors are precision trimmed to within 0.01% matching. The resulting output voltage is equal to OUT = (ISHUNT RSHUNT) 20

A1 PROPRIETARY OFFSET CIRCUITRY

V+

ROUT

G = +20

OUT = (ISHUNT RSHUNT ) 20

GND

Figure 26. Simplified Schematic

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AD8215

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AD8215 APPLICATION NOTES

OUTPUT LINEARITY
In all current sensing applications, and especially in automotive and industrial environments where the common-mode voltage can vary significantly, it is important that the current sensor maintain the specified output linearity, regardless of the input differential or common-mode voltage. The AD8215 contains specific circuitry on the input stage, which ensures that even when the differential input voltage is very small and the common-mode voltage is also low (below the 5 V supply), the input-to-output linearity is maintained. Figure 27 shows the differential input voltage vs. the corresponding output voltage at different common modes.
200 180 160

Regardless of the common mode, the AD8215 provides a correct output voltage when the differential input is at least 2 mV, which is due to the voltage range of the output amplifier that can go as low as 33 mV typical. The specified minimum output amplifier voltage is 100 mV to provide sufficient guardbands. The ability of the AD8215 to work with very small differential inputs, regardless of the common-mode voltage, allows for more dynamic range, accuracy, and flexibility in any current sensing application.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) IDEAL VOUT (mV) VOUT (mV) @ VCM = 0V VOUT (mV) @ VCM = 65V

Figure 27. Gain Linearity Due to Differential and Common-Mode Voltage

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Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 16

AD8215 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSING WITH A LOW-SIDE SWITCH
In such load control configurations, the PWM-controlled switch is ground referenced. An inductive load (solenoid) is tied to a power supply. A resistive shunt is placed between the switch and the load (see Figure 28). An advantage of placing the shunt on the high side is that the entire current, including the recirculation current, can be measured because the shunt remains in the loop when the switch is off. In addition, diagnostics can be enhanced because shorts to ground can be detected with the shunt on the high side. In this circuit configuration, when the switch is closed, the common-mode voltage moves down to near the negative rail. When the switch is opened, the voltage reversal across the inductive load causes the common-mode voltage to be held one diode drop above the battery by the clamp diode.
5V INDUCTIVE LOAD CLAMP DIODE BATTERY SHUNT
SWITCH
8 7 6 5
07203-028

OVERCURRENT DETECTION (<100ns)

5 6 7 8

OUT

GND

NC

IN

AD8214
NC
4

VREG
3

+IN
2

VS
1

5V

OUT

V+

NC

IN+ SHUNT CLAMP DIODE INDUCTIVE LOAD BATTERY

AD8215
NC
4

NC GND IN
3 2 5 1

IN+

NC

V+ OUT

AD8215
IN GND NC
1 4 2 3

Figure 29. Battery-Referenced Shunt Resistor

NC
4 5

LOW-SIDE CURRENT SENSING

In systems where low-side current sensing is preferred, the AD8215 provides an integrated solution with great accuracy. Ground noise is rejected, CMRR is typically higher than 90 dB, and output linearity is not compromised, regardless of the input differential voltage.
5V INDUCTIVE LOAD CLAMP DIODE SWITCH BATTERY
07203-027

SWITCH

Figure 28. Low-Side Switch

HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSING

In this configuration, the shunt resistor is referenced to the battery. High voltage is present at the inputs of the current sense amplifier. In this mode, the recirculation current is again measured and shorts to ground can be detected. When the shunt is battery referenced, the AD8215 produces a linear ground-referenced analog output. An AD8214 can also be used to provide an overcurrent detection signal in as little as 100 ns (see Figure 29). This feature is useful in high current systems where fast shutdown in over-current conditions is essential.

OUT

V+

NC

IN+

AD8215
NC
4

NC GND IN
3 2 1 5

Figure 30. Ground-Referenced Shunt Resistor

Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 16

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SHUNT

AD8215 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

5.00 (0.1968) 4.80 (0.1890)

5 4

4.00 (0.1574) 3.80 (0.1497)

6.20 (0.2441) 5.80 (0.2284)

1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.25 (0.0098) 0.10 (0.0040) COPLANARITY 0.10 SEATING PLANE

1.75 (0.0688) 1.35 (0.0532)

0.50 (0.0196) 0.25 (0.0099) 8 0 0.25 (0.0098) 0.17 (0.0067) 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157)

45

0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122)

COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012-A A CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.

Figure 31. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] Narrow Body (R-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)

ORDERING GUIDE
Model AD8215YRZ 1 AD8215YRZ-RL1 AD8215YRZ-R71
1

Temperature Range 40C to +125C 40C to +125C 40C to +125C

Package Description 8-Lead SOIC_N 8-Lead SOIC_N, 13 Tape and Reel 8-Lead SOIC_N, 7 Tape and Reel

012407-A

Package Option R-8 R-8 R-8

Z = RoHS Compliant Part.

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AD8215 NOTES

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AD8215 NOTES

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AD8215 NOTES

2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D07203-0-1/08(0)

Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 16