See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/367661256

Patient Monitoring System for Elderly Care using AI Robot

Conference Paper · December 2022

DOI: 10.1109/CSITSS57437.2022.10026384

CITATION READS

1 142

5 authors, including:

Baby Chithra Dr-Neethu P S

New Horizon College of Engineering Christ University, Bangalore
24 PUBLICATIONS 65 CITATIONS 32 PUBLICATIONS 164 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Salna Joy
New Horizon College of Engineering
14 PUBLICATIONS 26 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Baby Chithra on 10 February 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Patient Monitoring System for Elderly Care using AI Robot
2022 6th International Conference on Computation System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS) | 978-1-6654-5699-9/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/CSITSS57437.2022.10026384

Baby Chithra R Anju M I Neethu P S

Dept. of Electronics and Dept. of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Communication Engineering Communication Engineering
New Horizon College of Engineering New Prince Shri Bhavani College of School of Engineering and Technology,
Bangalore,India Engineering
Chennai CHRIST (Deemed to be university)
[email protected] Bangalore, India

Hafifa Namrin
Salna Joy
Dept. of Electronics and
Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Communication Engineering
School of Engineering and Technology,
New Horizon College of Engineering,
CMR University
Bangalore,India
Bangalore,India

Abstract— The use of robots in numerous industries has send the raw data obtained from these kinds of sensors from
expanded in recent decades. Self-guiding robots have started to inside to the outside [13-17]. As a result, concerns about
arise in human life, particularly in sectors pertaining to the lives privacy, security, and bandwidth shortage shall not exist.
of old people. Age-related population growth is accelerating Additionally, real-time computing will be cost-effective for
globally. As a result, there is a rising need for personal care the aforementioned uses [2, 18-19].
robots. The purpose of this requirement is to increase
opportunities for mobility and support independence. To meet
this demand, a robot with specific functionalities to help older
people has been designed. The standard values of healthcare II. RELATED WORKS
parameters are stored in the database by recording and In elderly 60 past age, a six weeks robot-assisted, multi-
comparing the current values the system will give an alarm and domain brain programme could increase the effectiveness of
also sends a message to the doctor or caretaker so that a proper worldwide mental ability and melancholy while mental skills,
care would be given to the patients. We are including a preset that is connected with benefits in remembering power and
distance value to monitor the elder people. Here we are using
other vitals. Like a holistic strategy for enhancing the mental
some sensors to detect the health parameters from the person.
and physical capabilities of the aged, its RACT programme
Robot have designed to intimate the family members if any
changes occur in the health parameters. It helps the people to
should therefore be expanded and continually offered inside
stay alone in home with safe manner. the organizations where people reside [3]. In [3], everything
was discovered how factors like age, ethnicity, or education
Keywords—AI, sensors, Elderly care, Patient Monitoring level have an impact on how successful an effective training
System is. It could be because elderly adults are unfamiliar with using
bots and cell devices. Thus, by combining this learning
alongside formal teaching, it's going to be beneficial to aid the
I. INTRODUCTION old in slowly adjusting to it.
In every technological development the human race The RACT programme might be able to increase folk's
makes, health as a top priority. A recent corona virus outbreak tolerance of intelligent machines, which is an intriguing
that partially destroyed China's economy serves as an strategy for reducing that exists with seniors. This degree of a
illustration of how important health care has grown to be [1- user's mental ability and long course results ought to be the
3]. It is always a better option to monitor the elders using center of future studies as well as the creation of a customized
remote health monitoring technologies in such locations programme. The Fig.1. depicts the model that is employed for
where the disease is widespread. The current remedy for it is the analysis in [3].
an Internet of Things (IoT)-based health monitoring system.
More people are developing chronic diseases [4-5]. These
disorders necessitate regular hospital visits for treatment and
monitoring, adding to the workloads of both hospitals and
patients [6-7]. Currently, improvements in communication
protocols and wearable sensors enrich the healthcare system
in a way that will soon transform healthcare services. Of these
developments, remote patient monitoring (RPM) is the most
significant. [1, 8].
As a result, it would be feasible and reasonably priced to
Fig.1. Experimental setup in [3].
compute visual data that has been acquired by an RGB, depth,
or heat sensor on-site [9-12]. Therefore, it is not necessary to

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

Authorized licensed use limited to: SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECH. Downloaded on February 02,2023 at 04:59:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 This team made utilization of the controlled robotic Sil-bot . withdrawal in care homes. Participants inside the prospective
Inside the machine class, users replied to commands that used study have been either geriatric patients or inhabitants of care
a wearable tracking pad, with the exception of three homes. Every participant was required to complete a survey
programme when the robotics observed and assessed the users' with three structured questions to gauge their level of isolation
movement. Users received instruction from experts on how to [6]. The survey additionally noted if visual communication
operate the robotic for psychological treatment. The key using the bot, a different method of communication (such as a
responsibilities of the teachers inside the robotics program telephone conversation), or even no communication involving
included helping members choose programme and, when family members has occurred. Its purpose was to determine
appropriate, providing or repeating commands. In contrast general support as well as the advantages for online
towards the TCT, the RACT incentivized respondents by interactions utilizing bots in multiple positions. Inside this
providing personalized response for every issue as soon as research, 70 participants were exposed to one of 3 potential
they entered a response on their connected phones. However, initiatives: zero interaction; simulated contacts with a bot; or
at time, results were recorded. 22 perceptual education any additional touch. And over duration of the study, its bot
programs have been utilized in sum again for RACT, such as was utilized more frequently, and even during the weeks when
6 programmes for recollection, 3 programme for density, 2 visitors were prohibited, this one was frequently employed
programme for focus and cognition, 1 programme for density throughout all venues.
and visual recognition, 2 for logic and decision, 1 programme
for visual understanding, 1 programme for dialect, 1 Based on the information gained from our extensive welfare
programme for computation, 1 programme for estimation and mobile robots, the research in [6] presents for creating a senior
ability to focus, 2 programme for visuospatial feature, and 2 care basis for social engagement including physical and
programme for strength training. Relying on HRI technology, intellectual stimulus. This piece presents the initial findings
this bot can exhibit a range of expressions and feelings. It is of better functionality of the system. This system can provide
also able extend its arms, shoulders, and neck, as well as travel the individual a wide range of services like data,
in any manner using its down tire. Since it is a robot and is entertainment, gaming, workouts, and songs. Using the
well-known to its owners, the reported bot can discern their questions from the mini-mental examinees, the videogame’s
intentions, looks, and facial reactions. Additionally, it is able bi-modal interaction of voice and touchpad have already been
to drive itself. This bot with cutting-edge intelligence, can developed to stimulate human brain. Clinicians may examine
indeed be operated by non-experts, therefore it was utilised as a person's performance via a graphical interface, which
an auxiliary teacher in the report's cognition-improving already enables doctors to create unique treatment
programme. programmes for every client, or store the findings in a public
cloud. The system has undergone testing and validation, with
Even while emotional technology is evolving, obstacles still first human volunteers followed by a bot which has been
stand in the way of medical bots having able to communicate operating in a geriatric care home for such a considerable
with empathy. To give elderly people with disease the best amount of time. Findings & comments indicate that perhaps
care possible today, it's critical to recognize, articulate, and the bot may maintain sensing capabilities both
solve these problems. One goal of [4] was to investigate the psychologically and physically while also maintaining their
difficulties medical bots face in communicating to dementia- cognitive and physical activity.
stricken aged folks. Elevated cameras were used in an
exploratory nature study involving the Spice robotic and AI have made significant growth in the last decade, and now
elderly individuals with Alzheimer to record main they have the ability to improve the medical industry.
communication events that took place even during events. The Mechanical systems are regularly used in clinics, for mobility
information was gathered on December 2020. aid and retraining, as well as in treatment of the elderly,
infants, or disabled people. The latest events in automation
Tanioka's group and the Xing Corporation worked together to systems used in the medical industry were covered in this
create the app for just an intended dialogue utilizing Pepper, questionnaire [7]. In-depth details on cutting-edge work in
which enables controller of Pepper's utterances and body healthcare, nursing, helpful, therapy, or mobility helping bots
motions. These same outcomes study identified four issues: were provided in this work. These outstanding problems that
(1) precise detecting behavior for "having to listen" to medical bots must overcome to become a component of
speakers suitably and precisely conversing to topics; (2) society are indeed covered in the study.
ineptitude throughout "having listened" and "stare" actions;
(3) truthfulness of behavior; and (4) insufficiency in human The COVID-19 epidemic has exerted a significant negative
language needed to process Ai, i.e., this same capacity to influence on everyone's well-being and safety, particularly
vigorously respond to circumstances that weren't pre- older people's safety. In order to lessen the impacts, such as
programmed by builder. This robot's interactions to solitude, as well as to lighten this burden across both
individuals with dementia during conversations demonstrated professional and unofficial caretakers, assistive robot was
a useful application of AI and NLP technologies. To improve developed. The report provides the first comprehensive
the possibility of empathetic dialogue between medical robots analysis and assessment as to how emotionally helpful
and elderly people with illness, the growth concerns computers had especially aided this community, in addition to
discovered in this study must be resolved. Whilst COVID-19 an overview of these robots' health impacts generally and their
visitation restrictions were put in place to save inhabitants, adoption throughout the epidemic. The purpose of [8] is to
they simultaneously posed the danger of worsening that social provide responses to research questions concerning the types
and emotional solitude which occurred amongst older people of SARs utilized even during epidemic, the activities that was
prior towards the epidemic. the work in [5] outlines a study employed on, as well as the factors that facilitated and
that used bots and online interactions to keep the online hindered their usage. They will additionally go through the
platforms of senior patients and care home inmates, insights that can be learnt through its use to improve SAR
accordingly, in order to alleviate sadness as well as social

Authorized licensed use limited to: SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECH. Downloaded on February 02,2023 at 04:59:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 conception and implementation in the future as broaden its B. Working
applicability and acceptance in a post-pandemic era.
A very fundamental optoelectronics principle governs how
heartbeat sensors function. A pair of LEDs, an LDR, and a
microcontroller are all that are required to measure your heart
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
rate. The surface of an IR led reflects the infrared light that it
This paper discusses the various parameters through which generates. Depending on the surface's reflectivity, the amount
the health can be monitored especially for the elderly people. of light reflected varies. When this reflected light strikes an
A. Methodology IR sensor that has been reverse biassed, reverse leakage
current results. The quantity of electron-hole pairs produced
In this system four sensors are used which can be placed varies with the strength of the incident IR radiation. Thus the
at appropriae spaces in order to monitor the heart rate, SPO2, heartbeat is calculated and continuously monitored. A
temperature and fall stutaus of the patient or elderly people. moving average model is developed and a heartrate average
The four sensor modules are heartbeat sensor, LM35 for a duration of 2min change is recorded.
temperature sensor, SPO2 sensor and ultrasonic sensor. Fig.1.
shows the block diagram of the proposed system in which the The oxymeter is placed on the patient’s finger and the
four sensor units are integrated to the arduino nano SPO2 level is monitored continuously and the MCU node
microcontroller. The data is being analysed and stored in the acts as a gateway to the internet. The Zigbee module supports
cloud which can be accessed by the doctor whenever its the Node MCU ESP32 for processing the sensor readings.
required. Precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors from the
LM35 series have an output voltage that is linearly relative to
the temperature in Celsius.
An ultrasonic sensor is connected in the vehicle which not
only follows the patient who makes simple to and from
movements it also confirms the fall status of the patient.

An AI model is developed by making use of CNN

algorithm to classify the status of the patient and giving alert
and sending messages to the caretaker as depicted in Fig.3.
The Caretaker can also view the previous history of the
measured parameters of the Patient or elderly people and start
the treatment or medications accordingly.

IV. RESULTS
Fig. 4 illustrates the physical model and Fig5 the output model
of suggested AI Robot. The robot is capable of identifying the
patients' health parameters. It uses a variety of sensors to
detect the temperature, heartbeat, oxygen level, and falls. The
output model Robot can track patient movement through
ultrasonic sensor. Family members will continuously receive
Fig.2.. Block Diagram of Proposed system
the info from this device.

Fig. 4. Physical model of AI Robot

Fig.3. Block Diagram of AI system used in this work

Authorized licensed use limited to: SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECH. Downloaded on February 02,2023 at 04:59:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 V. CONCLUSION
This suggested system features AI robot that is useful
for older persons. This robot has a servo motor and a node
MCU to control its movement. A clip is attached to the
patient's index finger, and many sensors are built inside it to
monitor vital signs. The main goal of this work is to keep a
specified distance between the patient and the robot while
monitoring their vital signs. If the patient's physical state
changes, a message is sent to their loved ones. This work can
be extended in future by developing a mobile app through
which the health parameters of the elderly person can be
Fig. 5. Output model of monitoring Unit checked as on when required. Also, as a part of health
monitoring, the regular medicine and the medicine required
for the patient based on the current health parameters can be
dispensed to the Patient’s reach.

REFERENCES
[1] El-Rashidy N, El-Sappagh S, Islam SMR, M. El-Bakry H, Abdelrazek
S. “ Mobile Health in Remote Patient Monitoring for Chronic Diseases:
Principles, Trends, and Challenges“. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(4):607.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040607
[2] A. Sufian, C. You and M. Dong, "A Deep Transfer Learning-based
Edge Computing Method for Home Health Monitoring," 2021 55th
Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), 2021,
pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/CISS50987.2021.9400321.
[3] Park, E.-A.; Jung, A.-R.; Lee, K.-A. The Humanoid Robot Sil-Bot in a
Fig. 6. Output model of Parameter Display Cognitive Training Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly People
with Mild Cognitive Impairment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A
The Heart Rate, SPO2, Temperature and fall status are Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021,
monitored as shown in Fig. 6. The history of the patient or 18, 8198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158198
elderly person can be analyzed from the chart shown in Fig.7. [4] Tanioka, T.; Yokotani, T.; Tanioka, R.; Betriana, F.; Matsumoto, K.;
Locsin, R.; Zhao, Y.; Osaka, K.; Miyagawa, M.; Schoenhofer, S.
The AI model sends the data to the Doctor or caretaker. When Development Issues of Healthcare Robots: Compassionate
there is a difference in the parameters’ values are deviated Communication for Older Adults with Dementia. Int. J. Environ. Res.
from the prescribed values as compared to the standard values Public Health 2021, 18, 4538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094538
that stored in the database then the system will alert the care [5] Follmann, A.; Schollemann, F.; Arnolds, A.; Weismann, P.;
Laurentius, T.; Rossaint, R.; Czaplik, M. Reducing Loneliness in
taker or doctor. Stationary Geriatric Care with Robots and Virtual Encounters—A
Contribution to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public
Health 2021, 18, 4846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094846
[6] Cobo Hurtado, L.; Viñas, P.F.; Zalama, E.; Gómez-García-Bermejo, J.;
Delgado, J.M.; Vielba García, B. Development and Usability
Validation of a Social Robot Platform for Physical and Cognitive
Stimulation in Elder Care Facilities. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1067.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081067
[7] Kyrarini, M.; Lygerakis, F.; Rajavenkatanarayanan, A.; Sevastopoulos,
C.; Nambiappan, H.R.; Chaitanya, K.K.; Babu, A.R.; Mathew, J.;
Makedon, F. A Survey of Robots in Healthcare. Technologies 2021, 9,
8. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies9010008
[8] Getson, C.; Nejat, G. Socially Assistive Robots Helping Older Adults
through the Pandemic and Life after COVID-19. Robotics 2021, 10,
106. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10030106
[9] [1] A. S. . Bale, S. . Tiwari, A. . Khatokar, V. . N, and K. . Mohan M
S, “Bio-Inspired Computing-A Dive into Critical Problems, Potential
Architecture and Techniques”, Trends Sci, vol. 18, no. 23, p. 703, Nov.
2021
[10] Bale, A.S., Kumar, S.S., Kiran Mohan, M.S., Vinay, N. (2022). A
Study of Improved Methods on Image Inpainting. In: Johri, P., Diván,
M.J., Khanam, R., Marciszack, M., Will, A. (eds) Trends and
Advancements of Image Processing and Its Applications. EAI/Springer
Innovations in Communication and Computing. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75945-2_15
[11] B. C. R, S. Joy, A. S. Bale, A. S. Naidu, V. N and V. S N, "Advanced
Computing in IoT for Door Lock Automation," 2022 International
Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS), 2022,
pp. 565-569, doi: 10.1109/ICEARS53579.2022.9752140.
[12] S. Joy, R. Baby Chithra, A. S. Bale, N. Ghorpade, S. N. Varsha and A.
Fig. 7. Output model of Parameter Display S. Naidu, "A Comparative Study on Recent Trends in Iris Recognition

Authorized licensed use limited to: SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECH. Downloaded on February 02,2023 at 04:59:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Techniques," 2022 International Conference on Electronics and Computer Interaction, vol. 2022, Article ID 3247060, 11 pages, 2022.
Renewable Systems (ICEARS), 2022, pp. 1521-1525, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3247060
10.1109/ICEARS53579.2022.9752355. [18] A. S. Bale et al., “Recent advancement in emergency vehicle
[13] S. A. Huddar, B. G. Sheeparamatti and A. S. Bale, "Study of pull-in communication system using IoT,” in IoT and Big Data Analytics for
voltage of a perforated SMA based MEMS Switch," 2017 International Smart Cities, 1st Edition., Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022,
conference on Microelectronic Devices, Circuits and Systems pp. 121–158. DOI: 10.1201/9781003217405-7
(ICMDCS), 2017, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICMDCS.2017.8211584 [19] Hemanth Kumar Bangalore Naveen, et al., Internet of Things (IoT) –
[14] Ajay Sudhir Bale, Suhaas V. Reddy, Shivashankar A. Huddar, Powered Enhancements to Indust rial Pollution Monitoring. Modeling
Electromechanical characterization of Nitinol based RF MEMS switch, and simulat ion of environmental systems: A computation approach
Materials Today: Proceedings, volume 27, Part 1, 2020, Pages 443- (Edited by: S. P. Maurya, A. K. Yadav, & R. Singh, Eds.; 1st ed.).
445, ISSN 2214-7853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.263. Taylor & Francis.
[15] J. Aditya Khatokar, N. Vinay, Ajay Sudhir Bale, M.A. Nayana, R.
Harini, V. Suhaas Reddy, N. Soundarya, T.Y. Satheesha, A.
Shivashankar Huddar, A study on improved methods in Micro-
electromechanical systems technology, Materials Today: Proceedings,
Volume 43, Part 6, 2021, Pages 3784-3790, ISSN 2214-7853,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.993.
[16] Bale, A. S., Reddy, S. V., & Tiwari, S. (2020). Effect of residual
stress on resonant frequency in Nitinol based thin film resonator. IOP
Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 872, 012008.
doi:10.1088/1757-899x/872/1/012008
[17] Ajay Sudhir Bale, Naveen Ghorpade, Muhammed Furqaan Hashim,
Jatin Vaishnav, Zahra Almaspoor, "A Comprehensive Study on
Metaverse and Its Impacts on Humans", Advances in Human-

Authorized licensed use limited to: SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECH. Downloaded on February 02,2023 at 04:59:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
View publication stats