Subject: Mathematics Year 9
Topic: Coordinate geometry
Chapter 15 Straight-line equations
Worksheet No.: W15
Term, Year: Term 3, 2022/2023
2023/2024
Name: Class: Date:
Learning objectives:
E3.1 Demonstrate familiarity with Cartesian coordinates in two dimensions.
E3.2 Find the gradient of a straight line. Calculate the gradient of a straight line from the coordinates of two
points on it.
E3.3 Calculate the length and the coordinates of the midpoint of a straight line from the coordinates of its end
points.
E3.4 Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight line graph.
E3.5 Determine the equation of a straight line parallel to a given line.
E3.6 Find the gradient of parallel and perpendicular lines.
15.1 DRAWING STRAIGHT-LINE GRAPHS
The coordinate plane or Cartesian plane describes a two-dimensional plane in terms of two perpendicular
lines or axes: x−axis and y−axis. The x−axis forms a horizontal number line while the y−axis forms a vertical
number line. The x−axis and the y−axis meet at the point of origin.
Notice that the x —
axis and y axis
− divide the Cartesian plane into 4 regions known as quadrants. They are
labelled 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrants accordingly in an anticlockwise direction.
Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15A Pages 260 & 261
Read through these hints before drawing the straight-line graphs in this exercise.
• Use the highest and lowest values of x given in the range.
• Do not pick x −
values that are too close together, such as 1 and 2. Try to space them out so that you
can draw a more accurate graph.
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• Always label your graph with its equation. This is particularly important when you are drawing two graphs
on the same set of axes.
• Create a table of values.
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15.2 THE EQUATION y = mx + c
What is a Straight Line Equation?
A Straight Line
This is the formula for a
Equation is a fixed
algebraic formula Straight Line Equation
that defines the
position of a line on y = mx + c
an X/Y Graph.
This is the
y This is the variable
value of y on a graph gradient of the
and the subject of straight line
the formula
This is the
variable value of c This is the point
x on a graph that the line will
cross the y-axis
Y Example
Z
The co-ordinates of point A are (-4, -1)
The co-ordinates of point Z are (4, 3)
The gradient of this line is 0.5
X The line crosses the y-axis at 1
The Straight Line Equation is then found as follows:
(0.5x4)+1 = 3 or...
A
(0.5x-4)+1 = -1 therefore y=0.5x+1
Well done! You should now know the basic
Review building blocks of a Straight Line Equation.
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What is a Gradient?
A Gradient is a Change in Y
Gradient =
Change in X
number that is
given to a line or
slope to show its
steepness.
Positive Negative
Gradient Gradient
Shallow
Gradient
Gradient
“Undefined”
Well done! You should now know the basic
Review principles of Gradients!
littlestreams.co.uk - © 2014 LittleStreams Ltd. - Resource Ref No. MATP_ALG_GRA01
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Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15B Pages 263, 264, & 265
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15.3 MORE ABOUT STRAIGHT-LINE GRAPHS
The equation of a straight-line is not always written in the form y = mx + c.
Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15C Pages 266 & 267
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15.4 SOLVING EQUATIONS GRAPHICALLY
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Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15D Page 268, 269, & 270
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15.5 PARALLEL LINES
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Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15E Page 271 & 272
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15.6 POINTS AND LINES
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Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15F Page 273 & 274
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15.7 PERPENDICULAR LINES
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Collins Cambridge IGCSETM Maths Exercise 15G Page 275 & 276
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-THE END-
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