AMBO UNIVERSITY

HACHALU HUNDESSA CAMPUS

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

STRATEGIES FOR MINIMIZING DELAYS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: A

CASE STUDY OF GUDER TOWN
THESIS PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO AMBO UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR DEGREE CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSC)

BY
GROUP MEMBERS ID NO
URGESSA GUDDINA BET/1173/11
MESERET ADUGNA BET/1149/11
HAILU ZELEKE TEBT/4003/14
WAKECHALU ALEMU BET/1175/11
FENET JALETA BT/0010/10
SAMUEL MEKONIN BET/1163/11

ADVISOR: ENG. NAGESA (MSc)

JUNE, 2024
AMBO, OROMIA

I
 DECLARATION

This research proposal is our original work and has not been presented for a degree BSC of
Science in civil engineering in any other university.

URGESSA GUDDINA _______________ ___________________

Signature Date

MESERET ADUGNA _______________ ___________________

Signature Date

HAILU ZELEKE _______________ ___________________

Signature Date

WAKECHALU ALEMU _______________ ___________________

Signature Date

FENET JALETA _______________ ___________________

Signature Date

SAMUEL MEKONIN _______________ ___________________

Signature Date

This research proposal has been submitted for examination with our approval as university
supervisor
Advisor: ______________ ___________
Signature Date

Co advisor: _____________ ___________

Signature Date

I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty God. I would like to express my gratitude to my
advisor Eng. Nagesa for his guidance and endless support throughout this study proposal
preparation, for his encouraging, valuable feedback and insight on proposal preparation that has
greatly influence and accelerate the study. I would like to extend my great appreciations to Eng.
Nagesa for his close supervision, patience, advice and constructive suggestions from the start
to the completion of the research proposal preparation. Great appreciation goes to my wife
AberashWayessa for her support morally and financially. My next gratitude goes to my friends
for their material support and moral encouragement throughout research proposal preparation.
Finally I would like to acknowledge Tokke-Kutaye district administration for sponsoring me
financial and material support to full-fill my BSC Degree program in Civil engineering

II
 Abstract
Delays in construction projects have become a common global phenomenon, due to the complex
nature of the industry. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries which faces delay problem in
time of urgent need to develop and rebuild the destroyed infrastructure caused by successive wars
and natural disasters. The aim of this study is outline the strategy of minimizing delays through
different techniques. The mains six limiting techniques are (1) during implementation a secured
environment (2) experienced sub-contractor, manager, consultant (3) planning of the project
activities (4) use of new technology (5) construction site management. (6) Woreda administrative
bureaucracy complexity orientation. This research aims to study the possibility of minimizing delay
problems which interrelated to limiting techniques. These objectives will be achieved through an
intensive literature review and a survey which included a questionnaire used to assess the
perceptions of the main participants involved in the construction projects. Interviews conducted
with experts to validate the questionnaire form before distributing and data will be collected. Data
collected will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively on the delay.
KEY WORDS: Construction delay, Guder town, strategy to minimizing construction delay

iii
 Table of content

Table of Contents
DECLARATION............................................................................................................................... I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................................. II
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... iii
Table of content ............................................................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background. .......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Construction Delay ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Problem Statement .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.3. Research Questions ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Objective of the study .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 General Objective .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.2 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.5. Significance of the study ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 .Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................. 6
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Background Information....................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Construction Stages .............................................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Building Construction Delay Factors..................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 11
MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................... 11
3.1 The study area .................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Research design .................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Study population/targeted group ...................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Sampling size and sampling procedure .............................................................................................. 12
3.5 The study period ................................................................................................................................. 13

iv
 3.6 Data Collection and process ............................................................................................................... 13
3.7 Study variables.................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7.1 Independent variables ................................................................................................................. 13
3.7.2 Dependent variables.................................................................................................................... 13
3.8 Ethical considerations......................................................................................................................... 13
3.9 Limitations of the Study................................................................................................................ 14
3.10 Operational definitions ................................................................................................................... 14
3.11 Plan for dissemination ...................................................................................................................... 14
3.12 Data analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER FOUR .......................................................................................................................... 15
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 15
4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Causes of Building construction delay ................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Strategies for minimizing delays in building construction.................................................................. 25
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................ 34
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................. 34
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 34
6.4 Recommendations and Future Studies .............................................................................................. 35
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 37
Appendix-I...................................................................................................................................... 42

v
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 3:1 purposive sample, sampled size population from concerned sector .............................. 13
Table 4.1 Response from respondent analysis ............................................................................... 15
Table 4.2 strategy to minimize building construction delay .......................................................... 16
Table 4.3 Summary of respondent Response toward factor causing building construction delay ........... 24
Table 4:4 Summary of respondent Response toward strategy for minimizing building construction delay
at Guder Town .......................................................................................................................................... 33

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1: maps of west showa zone Guder-Ambo .............................................................. 11
Figure 4:1.1 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Poor project management (PPM) is causes
of delay……….. ................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 4.1.2 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Conflicts between contractors and parties
(CBCAP) is causes of delay ................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 4.1.3 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Shortages of skilled workers, (SSW)) is
causes of delay ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 4.1.4 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not inadequate planning and scheduling (IPAS)
is causes of delay .................................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 4.1.5 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not lack of experience, in Consultant, contractor,
and client (LEICCC)) is causes of delay .............................................................................................. 19
Figure 4.1.6 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Construction material cost inflation (CMCI)
is causes of delay .................................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 4.1.7 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not delayed in payments for contractor and daily
workers (DIPFCDW) is causes of delay............................................................................................... 21
Figure 4.1.8 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Proper budget allocation problem form
concerned body such as government (PBAP) is causes of delay ......................................................... 21
Figure 4.1.10 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Construction material supply in time
problem (CMSP) is causes of delay ..................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4.1.11 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not new construction equipment
Technology usage experience problem (NCETUE) is causes of delay ................................................ 23
Figure 4.1.13 Respondent attitude toward all combined Couse of delay ............................................. 24
Figure 4.2.2 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
adequate planning and scheduling (APS) ............................................................................................. 26
Figure 4.2.3 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
enough human skill and man power (EHSMP) .................................................................................... 27
Figure 4.2.5 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
Government intervention and making stable cost inflation (GIASCI) ................................................. 28
Figure 4.2.6 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using on
time payments for contractor and daily workers (PCADW) ................................................................ 29
Figure 4.2.7 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by Proper budget
allocation (PBA) ................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4.2.8 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by using
correct Specification (UCS).................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 4.2.9 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by Construction
material supply in time (CMST) ........................................................................................................... 31
Figure 4.2.11 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by checking the
design pre-construction phase (CDPCP................................................................................................ 32
Figure 4.2.12 respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by ........................ 33

vii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
As Assistant
CO Change Order
DC Data Collector
DE Design Error
DC Design Change
EHS Initiate environmental, health and safety
GFC good for construction
PI Principal Investigator
RFIs Requests for Information

viii
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background.

Construction industry is a vital factor to the nations’ development. It is highly dynamic sector that
play a vital role for the socio–economic growth of the country (Al-Emad & Nagapan, 2015).The
infrastructure such as bridges, highway, rapid transit system, building, residential and industrial
constructions, dam and tunnels for irrigation and hydroelectric power contributes substantially to the
economic growth of countries. Therefore, construction projects considered one of the major means
for any government to develop and improve the infrastructure services, which reflect the level of
development, and certainly when it is being delayed, will be an obstacle to the path of development.
Thus, Completing and operating or utilizing the construction projects according to the strategic and
action plans of a government may reflect the seriousness and credibility of a government to fulfil
promises made to citizens regarding improving the services. Thus, usually the governments are
required to use the best tools and ways to ensure the implementation of construction projects in
accordance with the plans set for them. One of these tools can be the procurement system adopted
by government entities.
Unfortunately, the delay problem of completion construction projects beyond the planned time
became a common global phenomenon in the construction industry, whether in the developed or
developing countries (Choong Kog, 2018), due to the complex nature of this industry with a wide
adventures domain of forecasting and expectations. A very fragmented industry with many
inconsistent parties involved such as owner, consultant, contractor, subcontractors, supplier,
stakeholders and customers, with incongruent goals and objectives between them which may have
an unfavorable influence on the construction project implementation
Furthermore, there are many definitions for delay in construction projects had been given by
researchers in previous studies, in instance, (Assaf & Al-Hejji, 2006) defined delay as the time after
the date that parties agreed upon for delivery of the project which is specified in a contract. Delay
can be defined as the extension time required to perform the tasks under a contract (Stumpf, 2000).
However, there are many problems or factors could be considered as a root which causes delays in
construction projects, with certain interrelations among them. (Long, Ogunlana, Quang, & Lam,
2004).
Completing and operating or utilizing the construction projects according to the strategic and action
plans of a government may reflect the seriousness and credibility of a government to fulfil promises

1
made to citizens. Thus, usually the governments are required to use the best tools and ways to ensure
the implementation of construction projects in accordance with the plans set for them. One of these
tools can be the procurement system adopted by government entities.
Procurement is all the processes needed to be achieved to gain works, services or goods from an
external source. (Tirole & Laffont, 1993). It is used to ensure the client receives works at possible
of the lower price, higher quality, and shortest time. (Van Weele, 2009). Usually Public or
government entities define the rules intended to ensure fair and open competition for their business,
and minimizing the risks of fraud and collusion, and the e-procurement can provide these abilities.
Procurement process starting from the identification requirement to the end of its life. It includes
pre-contract activities, post contract activities, and contract management. Procurement generally
relates to goods, works and service(s) requirements’. (Van Weele, 2009)
1.1.1 Construction Delay
Though the construction industry “contributes positively to the economy, an opposing phenomenon
and complications of the construction sector is delay, which reflects poor project performance (Jalal
& Yousefi, 2017). To successfully conduct construction projects, construction delay should be
considered, as it significantly affects time and cost of projects (Sweis et al., 2008).
Construction delay is referred to as event leading to extension of time to complete specific
assignments (Sambasivan & Soon, 2007). (Desai and Bahtt, 2013) defined delay as the time
extension in date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project. Recently, even with the
advancement of technology, project participants’ knowledge of modern technology, and
management techniques, construction projects still suffer delays. Project completion dates still get
pushed back, reflecting that delay is crucial to project success (Stumpf, 2000).
Delay in construction causes time overrun, leading to excess cost. Time overrun, cost overrun,
reduction in profits for contractor, losses for owner due to extended construction phase, distrust
between owner and contractor, legal disputes between various parties, and total abandonment of
project are the direct effects of delay (Hassan et al., 2017). Gebrehiwet and Luo (2017), on the other
hand mentioned that cost overruns, termination of contract, arbitration, and litigation are critical
consequences of delay. Ametepey et al. (2017) stated that delay results in time overrun, cost overrun,
delay by contractor in repayment of loans, disputes, and poor quality of work due to speeding up of
work. Fashina et al. (2020), Ullah et al. (2018), Khattri et al. (2016), agreed that dispute, cost
overrun, time overrun, abandonment, negotiation, lawsuit, litigation, total desertion are effects of
delay”.

2
Hence Ethiopia is one of the developing country that alarmingly increases the development of
construction industry, so that, the socio economic of the country relay on construction industry.
Guder town is the small town of west shoa zone Oromia regional state of Ethiopia that building
construction started for passed one decade faced a delay of building construction problems that need
solution to minimize the observed delayance of construction project.
1.2 Problem Statement

The construction industry plays major role in the nation development. Nowadays, the economic
growth of the nation determined and measured by physical infrastructure such as buildings, roads,
bridges, ports, harbour, terminals, highways, rabid transit system, telecommunications, dam and
tunnels for irrigations and hydro-electric power, waste disposal and treatments, public housing and
industrial buildings.
Unfortunately, delays in construction projects becomes a common global phenomenon, whether in
developed or developing countries, with a disparity attributed to the systems used in construction
industry. However, Ethiopia is one of the developing countries which faces delays problem in
construction projects in time of urgent need to develop and rebuild the destroyed infrastructure
caused by successive wars and natural disasters in some part of the country. There are many
definitions for delays in construction projects has been given in the previous studies, but, most of
these definitions for delays had been reflected the one perspective which built on an aspect of
contractual relations between the clients (owners) and the contractors according to the contract
obligations. While, the importance aspect has been omitted, which represented by procurement
processes and the time taken by the client (owner) to complete all the necessary procedures required
to reach the stage of appointing the contractor and signing the contract, which is usually a
considerable period may take months or even years. Especially if the client was the government and
the traditional methods and bureaucracy with complicated routine was followed. (Bekr, 2015).
Hence in Guder town, causes of building construction delay caused by different factors, such as
contractors’, client, and consultant experience, administrative, management problems, enough
budget allocation problems for construction from client construction material cost inflation ,
traditional methods of using construction equipment, scheduling and planning activity of project
problems , design error, due to specification error cost variation contractors self-centeredness are
some factors that hinders the building constructions that need special remediation for the success of
construction project in Guder town

3
1.3. Research Questions

 What are the main factors that cause delay in building construction project?
 What are the effects of delay in building construction project?
 What are the strategy used to minimize delay in building construction project?
1.4 Objective of the study

1.4.1 General Objective

The objective of the study was to know and applying the strategies for minimizing delays on building
construction project in Guder town
1.4.2 Specific objectives
 To identify factors that cause delay in building construction project
 To determine the effects of delay in building construction project
 To know and applying the strategy used to minimize delay in building construction project
1.5. Significance of the study

This study examines the impact of each factor on the entire project schedule by minimizing delay
right from the preconstruction stage, through extensive investigation of the design error, followed
design change, change order, rework, and productivity cycle leading to of construction delay. These
signify an effective way to mitigate the potency of these parameters in course of the construction
project, and rapidly reduce the magnitude of time overrun in the long term.
Project delay is a menace that evolves over time. The study results are expected to improve project
performance through comprehensive understanding of the dynamics involved in construction project
from preconstruction stage to the post construction stage. The results were beneficial to other
emerging economies sharing the same operating characteristics and environments across the globe.
The results were also be useful for designing new projects and help key players in effectively
handling the delay factors to minimize delay, reduce cost overruns, and improve economic growth.
Generally, if building construction project delay minimized, the client, contractors, consultant and
all concerned party were benefited in serviceability, cost wise and job opportunity especially in the
region as well as in Guder town
1.6 .Scope of the Study

The scope of the study was limited to the, ''strategies for minimizing delays in building construction:”
a case study of Guder town
The data for this study was obtained through:

4
 Reviewing of Project design drawings, Bill of Quantities, Reports, Financial documents, contract
agreement, Specifications etc.
 Literature review,
 Questionnaire survey,
 Interview, discussions with key professional
1.7 Limitation of the Study

The paper work was limited to this specific project to accommodate with the time frame and
manageable cost to deliver the project work. Also the finding of study is not confidentially
generalizable to the whole construction projects in the country for the fact that working culture and
methodology in Guder construction building project is different from the usual construction projects
in the country. The quality of the paper is also limited to the working experience of the participant
of the study and due to cost and time constraint small sample size was taken.

5
 CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Background Information

This chapter explores and reviews the literature and theory of construction delay. Key construction
delay factors are extracted and examined at the end of the chapter.
2.2 Construction Stages

Rao et al. (2016) mentioned that “construction activities are divided into three phases, pre-
construction, construction, and post-construction phases. The preconstruction phase of a project is
very important, as it has great effects on the schedule performance. This phase is embedded with
several levels of uncertainties, and consists of several activities, some of which are project opening,
designing, bidding, and work preparation (Rao et al., 2016). At this stage, owner should provide
formal approach for cost development, scope, and schedule to execute timely construction. It is also
the stage where the foundation of project communication is laid.
The construction phase (so-called execution phase) transforms work design into physical structure.
At this stage, people tend to associate with construction projects partially due to its visibility. The
contractor transitions the project into actual construction, while the consultant engages in full
construction administration services to perform quality control inspections, respond to Requests for
Information (RFIs), review and approve technical submittals and generally ensured that the project
is delivered by the contractor as scheduled (Stonemark ,1997). With the aid of new technology,
owners and consultants can gauge progress and jobsite activities (Ridell, 2017).
Closeout phase, on the other hand, encapsulates activities to hand-in the project. This final phase has
often been neglected, making it difficult to close out the project on time. Even the project that
proceeds according to schedule could faulter towards the end due to administrative, technical, or
financial reasons (Kaul, 2014). This phase includes completion of the punch list-turning over the
scheme to the client for occupancy or operation. Clients should be provided all information, a
construction closeout document list, and all closeout documents such as manuals, warranties, as-
builts and final accounting (Stonemark, 1997). Therefore, it is important for project stakeholders to
be careful in handling activities at this phase and even the preceding phases, as poor implementation
of each phase could lead to construction delay and cost overrun.
Main activities in each phase of construction projects (Nikumbh & Pimplikar, 2014)”
1. Pre-construction phase
 Analyze client’s project specifications

6
 Prepare the design brief in terms of function ability, cost, time, quality, and safety
 Develop project control systems
 Finalize schedule organization guide
 Establish scheme imparting structure
 Prepare work breakdown structure
 Control cost during design processes
 Prepare procurement plan
 Review technical specifications and bill of quantities
 Monitor the statutory approval process and report the progress
 Conduct pre-bid meetings and feedback for completeness of tender specifications and technical
parameters
 Compare statements and techno-commercial evaluation reports
 Submit weekly and monthly progress reports
2. During Construction phase
 Supervise all construction work/ activities
 Coordinate on-site design
 Organize approval to contractors’ shop drawings, product data sheet, and samples
 Refine work breakdown structure
 Monitor work progress
 Detect anticipated bottlenecks
 Correspond with daily contractual issues
 Change order management for design changes and extra items
 Prepare quality assurance/quality control scheme
 Assurance quality control to conform with drawings and specifications
 Initiate environmental, health and safety (EHS) plan
 Issue good for construction (GFC) drawings to respective contractors, and update record issued
regularly
 Inspect working drawings received from architects/designer
 Organize weekly review meetings
 Peruse records of contractors’ daily progress reports
3. Post-construction Construction phase

7
 Advice about probable date of substantial completion
• Prepare and address the schedule of defects/ punch lists
• Help in testing and commissioning of the facility
• Collect and integrate various operation and maintenance manuals, commissioning, and test
certificates
• Reconcile and certify final bills of contractors, suppliers, vendors, and consultants
• Prepare project close-out report
• Collate and verify all As-built drawings
• Address any queries during defects liability period
▪ Co-ordinate with contractors to rectify defects during the defect’s liability period
2.3 Building Construction Delay Factors

Construction delay has been the main problem of construction parties to deliver a project on time.
Research has been performed “in the past years to better understand construction delay from various
perspectives. Owners, consultants, and contractors play important roles, as they are involved from
the beginning to the end of projects. Khoso et al. (2019), for example, mentioned that the owner’s
selection of a project team is crucial to avoid delays. The scope of work should be clearly understood
between the owners and consultants.
An updated list of materials must be provided to avoid erroneous material specifications. Clear
communication among the design team members is also required to reduce change orders, which
might lead to unnecessary delays. Contractors should hire experienced workers to reduce rework
and enhance productivity (Staiti et al., 2016).
Several investigations have been carried out in both emerging and developed economies to identify
the causes of delay with different methods of solutions. In developing countries, for example,
Comorde and Dickson (2019) mentioned exorbitant rental charges on construction equipment as a
main cause of project delay. Archarya et al. (2006), on the other hand highlighted frequent equipment
breakdown, changed site condition, and unrealistic project time estimation as responsible factors of
project delay. Abbasi et al. (2020) mentioned that delayed payments, unrealistic schedules, and
shortages of skilled workers are critical delay factors in the Iranian construction industry. Tahir et
al. (2019) investigated causes of delay in the
Malaysian construction industry, and concluded that delays in material delivery, contractor lack of
experience, shortages of labor, and scope change are major delay causes. Eksander et al. (2018)
showed that insufficient client funds, contractor cash flow, economic climate, and design change are

8
key construction delay factors in Saudi Arabia. Mittal and Paul (2018) concluded that delays in work
rotation, contingency work, and change orders are major construction delay factors. Kazaz et al.
(2012) identified design changes, delayed payments, cash flow problems, poor productivity, and
poor human resource planning as key delay factors in Turkey. Toor and Ogunlana (2008) mentioned
a lack of resources, poor management, shortage of labor, design problems, planning and scheduling,
change orders, and contractor financial difficulties as causes of delay in Thailand.
Construction delay is also crucial in developed countries. Arantes and Ferreira (2020), for instance,
highlighted improper planning, consultant poor performance, inefficient site management, client
influence, and sub-standard contracts as controlling factors of delay in
Portugal. Bahra (2019), in contrast, identified that scope changes, change orders, conflicts, and poor
monitoring are technical challenges accounting for delays in the United Kingdom. Zidane et al.,
(2018) concluded that improper design, poor planning and scheduling, resource shortages, design
changes, and variation orders are the reasons for delay in Norway. Tafazzoli et al. (2017) mentioned
that change orders, slow owner decisions, design errors, and late approval of design documents
contribute to construction delays. Larsen et al. (2016) concluded that financial problems, poor
project planning, and construction errors are key delay factors in the Danish construction industry.
Despite series of investigations that have been carried out in identifying the causes of delay, the
problem persists. Therefore, there is a need to systematically identify the key controlling delay
factors which forms the basis of a holistic investigation for stakeholders to get acquainted with the
key factors of delay, and to effectively investigate the dynamics behaviors involved in the
construction projects. This would, in turn, enhance the effective investigation of the impact of the
key factors on the entire project schedule. It is discovered that many of these key factors enhance
project time lag through some other key factors. For example, improper construction method,
procurement and payment system initiate the menace of change order (Khoso et al., 2019; Alaryan,
2014). Conflicts between project stakeholders’ quality of material, and lack of skilled workers lower
the work productivity (Karthik et al., 2018; Moradi et al., 2017).
Experts in the industry corroborate the fact that many underlying factors lead to project delay or
have direct effects on other factors in causing delay. In this study, therefore, construction delay
factors associated with both developed and developing economies, are collected from the existing
literatures
Key factors affecting construction delay are

9
 Poor communication and coordination, Consultant’s lack of experience, Technology usage,
Design Error (DE) Abbasi et al. (2020),
 Shortages of materials, Owner’s late decisions. Design Change (DC) Bassa et al. (2019),
 Lack of sufficient data before design, Owner’s lack of experience, Inadequate planning and
scheduling, Mistakes in producing design documents, Rigidity of consultant, Complexity in,
project design, Owner’s change in requirements. Late procurement, Improper construction
method by contractor , Difficulties in financing projects, Change in material types during,
construction, Owner’s financial problems, Delayed payments, Lack of sufficient data before
design, Owner’s lack of experience, Inadequate planning and scheduling, Mistakes in, producing
design documents, Rigidity of consultant ,Complexity in project design , and Change Order (CO)
Abbasi et al (2020)
 Poor supervision, Rework (R), Poor project management Arantes and Ferreira (2020),
 Frequent equipment breakdown, Shortages of skilled workers, Poor quality of materials,
Conflicts between, contractors and parties, Workers, absenteeism, Late-arrival of
material/equipment
Key factors affecting building construction delay
Poor communication and coordination, Consultant’s lack of experience, Technology usage, Design
Error (DE) Abbasi et al. (2020).
 Shortages of materials, Owner’s late decisions , and Design Change (DC) Bassa et al. (2019)
 Lack of sufficient data before design, Owner’s lack of experience, Inadequate planning, and
scheduling, Mistakes in producing design documents, Rigidity of consultant, Complexity in
project design, Owner’s change in requirements, Late procurement, Improper construction
method, by contractor, Difficulties in financing projects, Change in material types during,
construction, Owner’s financial problems, Delayed payments, Abbasi et al (2020).
 Poor supervision, Poor project management Arantes and Ferreira (2020)
 Frequent equipment breakdown ,Shortages of skilled workers, Poor quality of materials
Conflicts between contractors and parties, Workers’, absenteeism, Late-arrival of equipment
Contractor’s lack of experience. Abbasi et al. (2020)
Generally causes of delay are ,construction material unit rate variation, Design error, contractor’s
benefit oriented, security problems , construction material cost inflation , specification error, design
error, Technology usage problem, Consultant’s lack of experience, Inadequate planning, and
scheduling, contractor expense problem, Poor project management

10
 CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 The study area

Guder town is found in Oromia regional state west showa zone, Tokke kutaye district which was
located 12km to the west Ambo town and 126km apart from Addis Ababa.
The town has a latitude and longitude of 8o58'N 37o46E' with an elevation of 2101 meters above sea
level. Based on figures from the central statistical agency of Ethiopia in 1999EC, Guder Town has
an estimated total population of 17,084 of whom 8,272 are male and 8,812 are female.

Figure 3.1: maps of west showa zone Guder-Ambo

3.2 Research design

 The research will be conducted both in quantitative and qualitative approaches.

 Interview of semi- structured (open ended and closed ended questioner)
 Representative sample will be taken by standard tools.
 In general research design relay on:-Problem setting, Objective formulation, Data collection
(primary), Data coding and analysis by software ,Data interpretation by comparing with
standard settled, finally scientific Conclusions and recommendation will be addressed.

11
3.3 Study population/targeted group

Causes of Building construction delayance samples will be taken from 3 sectors Tokke kutaye
administrative vice head of project coordinator office, road authority, Guder town municipality by
using Sample random sampling method.
3.4 Sampling size and sampling procedure

Data was purposive sampled size techniques by using formulas for sample size of Guder towns
total population size, based on figures from the central statistical agency of Ethiopia in
2007GC/1999EC., Guder has an estimated total population of 17,084 of whom 8,272 are men and
8,812 are women. Calculation that conform to different research situations (Arlence Fink, 2005)
developed. For the people size >50,000 Cochran (1963:75)
𝑍 2 𝑃𝑄 1.962 𝑃(1−𝑃) 1.962 0.5∗0.5
SS= = = = 385---------------------------------------------------------------1
𝐷2 𝐷2 0.052

ss = required sample size infinite population of >50,000,

Z = Z-value => 1.96 for a 95 percent confidence level
p = proportion of the population having the characteristic (50%) q = (1-p)
d = Proportion of sampling error tolerated which is 5%
Since Guder town’s population size is less than 50, 000, it is mandatory to use new sample size of
finite population by recommended formula
𝑆𝑆 385
Nr= 𝑆𝑆−1 = 385−1 = 376 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1+ 1+
𝑃𝑂𝑃 17084

Where Nr =new sample size for finite population

SS = infinite sample population
Pop= actual population
Therefore, Nr =376 peoples from the total population was selected from Guder town randomly.
Since the concerned population bounded to more informed sample sized, researcher was enforced to
use purposive sampled size, and taken the respondents of having more information about the project
from concerned sector, such as Guder municipal town, Tokke kutaye road authority, Toke kutaye
vice administrative project firm population sample size were taken by proportion ratio of the total
population of the town.

12
 Table 3:1 purposive sample, sampled size population from concerned sector
NO Concerned sector male female Total
1 Toke Kutaye road authority 10 3 13
2 Guder municipal Town 32 8 40
3 Toke kutaye project committee team 4 2 6
Total population of the sectors 46 13 59

3.5 The study period

The study period was started from June 2024 to September 2024
3.6 Data Collection and process

First sources of data will be identified concerning delay of building construction in Guder Town
then sample size were identified using (Arlence Fink, 2005) formula from the total population
identified. In general research design relay on:-Problem setting, Objective formulation, Data
collection (primary), Data coding and analysis by software, Data interpretation by comparing with
standard settled, finally scientific Conclusions and recommendation were addressed
3.7 Study variables

3.7.1 Independent variables

Factors that Causes of delayance of building construction and minimizing strategy
3.7.2 Dependent variables
Building construction delayed and minimized
3.8 Ethical considerations

Each research report was approved by the respective Departmental Research Committee (DRC) or
any other review committee under functions and or mentioned anywhere according to the rule and
regulations of the University
The advisor was assist the researcher to be free from plagiarism and continues follow up were taken
by advisor. Researcher must be free from plagiarism.
Copying or quoting directly from source material without providing quotation marks or crediting the
source is a fundamental issue of ethical part of the researcher, so the researcher was in the rule and
regulation of Ambo University Hachalu Hundessa campus. The researcher was learn enough about
the culture of informants to ensured, it is respected during the data collection process and ensure the
confidentiality of the data obtained American Psychological Association (APA, 2010).

13
3.9 Limitations of the Study

The important expected factors that hindering the study were, respondent proper response to
questionnaires, interview and other means according to schedules
3.10 Operational definitions

Construction delay is referred to as event leading to extension of time to complete specific

assignments (Sambasivan & Soon, 2007).
3.11 Plan for dissemination

The result of this study was presented to Ambo University Hachalu Hundessa campus. Civil
Engineering chair and was disseminated to Tokke Kutaye district and other governmental and non-
governmental organizations, which are concerned with the study findings. Publication in national
and international journals were also be considered

3.12 Data analysis

Analysis and interpretation of all data were carried out using Microsoft excel software. Microsoft
excel software is a fully-integrated software package developed specifically for graphical and
numerical analyses. The analyzed data were presented by using table, graphs and table form

14
 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Introduction

This chapter presents the result and discussion of the data collected from the distributed
questionnaires, interviews and reviewed documents. A total of 12 potential delay causes were
selected from the previous studies and grouped in to 3 namely, Building construction Management
and man power problem, Budget concern and Material supply and design concern
, consultant related factors, contractor related factors, material and equipment related factors, and
external related factors. Similarly, 3 effects that have been selected from the past studies and
reviewed literatures were ranked based on their potential effect. The data obtained through
questionnaire was developed to assess the perceptions of owners, contractors and consultants on the
relative importance of causes and effects of delays in Guder town’s projects. The data collected
through these methods were analyzed and the results are presented in this chapter.
Table 4.1 Response from respondent analysis
No. the purpose & mandatory of

Uncertain(3)

Disagree(2)

disagree(1)
Agree(4)
Strongly

Strongly
agree(5)

1. Building construction
Management and man power
problem
1.1 Poor project management (PPM) 25 30 2 1 1
1.2 Conflicts between contractors and 20 26 8 3 2
parties (CBCAP)
1.3 Shortages of skilled workers,(SSW) 20 20 10 6 3
1.4 Inadequate planning and scheduling 32 14 10 2 1
(IPAS)
1.5 lack of experience, in Consultant, 36 12 8 2 1
contractor, and client (LEICCC)
2. Budget concern
2.1 Construction material cost inflation 40 15 3 1
(CMCI)
2.2 Delayed in payments for contractor 34 13 8 3 1
and daily workers(DIPFCDW)
2.3 Proper budget allocation problem form 20 20 10 6 3
concerned body such as government (PBAP)

15
No. the purpose & mandatory of

Uncertain(3)

Disagree(2)
Agree(4)
Strongly

Strongly
agree(5)

disagree
3. Material supply and design
concern
3.1 Specification error (SE) 32 14 10 3
3.2 Construction material supply in time 30 16 9 4
problem (CMSP)
3.3 New construction equipment 20 30 6 3
Technology usage experience
problem (NCETUE)
3.4 Design change and design error 36 16 5 2
(DCADE)

Table 4.2 strategy to minimize building construction delay

No The purpose & mandatory of

Uncertain

Disagree(
Strongly

Strongly
disagree
agree(5)
.

Agree
(4)

(3)

(1)
2)
1. Building construction Management and man
power problem
1.1 Good project management trend (GPMT) 25 30 2 1 1
1.2 Enough human skill and man power (EHSMP) 25 15 10 6 3
1.3 Adequate planning and scheduling (APS) 32 19 5 2 1
1.4 Employ well experienced, Consultant, contractor, 35 15 4 3 2
and client (EWECCC)
2. Budget concern
2.1 Government intervention and stable cost inflation 40 15 3 1
(GIASCI)
2.2 On time payments for contractor and daily 34 13 8 3 1
workers (PCADW)
2.4 Proper budget allocation (PBA) 20 20 10 6 3
3. Material supply and design concern
3.1 Use correct Specification (UCS) 32 14 10 3
3.2 Construction material supply in time (CMST) 30 16 9 4
3.3 well experience in using New construction 20 30 6 3
equipment and Technology (WEUNCEAT)
3,4 Check the design pre-construction Phase(CDPCP) 36 16 5 2

16
4.1 Causes of Building construction delay

Different factors that hindered building construction at Guder Town were forwarded by respondent,
during questionaries’ disseminated such as: - Poor project management (PPM), Conflicts between
contractors and parties (CBCAP), Shortages of skilled workers,(SSW) , Inadequate planning and
scheduling (IPAS) , lack of experience, in Consultant, contractor, and client (LEICCC),
Construction material cost inflation (CMCI), Delayed in payments for contractor and daily
workers(DIPFCDW) , Proper budget allocation problem form concerned body such as government
(PBAP), Specification error (SE) ,Construction material supply in time problem (CMSP), New con
struction equipment Technology usage experience problem (NCETUE), Design change and design
error (DCADE) were some points considered by the researcher

Figure 4:1.1 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Poor project management (PPM) is
causes of delay
On figure 4:1.1, (30 peoples) 50.8 % of the respondent agreed on Conflicts between contractors and
parties (CBCAP) is causes of delay, (25peoples) 42.2% said that, Poor project management (PPM)
is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of 3% is uncertain, 2% disagreed, 2% is strongly
disagreed, so the researcher agreed on 50.8% respondent attitude towards Poor project management
(PPM) is causes of delay

17
Figure 4.1.2 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Conflicts between contractors and parties
(CBCAP) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.2, (26 peoples) 44.1 % of the respondent agreed on Conflicts between contractors and
parties (CBCAP) is causes of delay, (20 peoples) 33.9% the respondents are strongly agreed on
Conflicts between contractors and parties (CBCAP) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of
13.6% is uncertain, 5.1% disagreed, 3.3% is strongly disagreed, so the researcher agreed on 44.1 %
respondent’s attitude towards Conflicts between contractors and parties (CBCAP) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.3 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Shortages of skilled workers, (SSW)) is
causes of delay
On figure 4.1.3, (30 peoples) 50.8 % of the respondents strongly agreed on Shortages of skilled
workers,(SSW)) is causes of delay , (15 peoples) 25.4% of the respondents are agreed on Shortages
of skilled workers,(SSW)) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of 8.5% is uncertain,

18
10.2% disagreed, 5.1% is strongly disagreed, so the researcher strongly agreed on 50.8 %
respondent’s attitude towards Shortages of skilled workers,(SSW)) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.4 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not inadequate planning and scheduling
(IPAS) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.4, (32 peoples) 54.23 % of the respondents strongly agreed on inadequate planning
and scheduling (IPAS) is causes of delay, (14 peoples) 23.73% of the respondents are agreed on
inadequate planning and scheduling (IPAS) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of 16.95%
is uncertain, 3.4% disagreed, 1.6% is strongly disagreed, so the researcher strongly agreed on 50.8
% respondent’s attitude towards inadequate planning and scheduling (IPAS) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.5 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not lack of experience, in Consultant,
contractor, and client (LEICCC)) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.5, (36 peoples) 61% of the respondents strongly agreed on lack of experience, in
Consultant, contractor, and client (LEICCC)) is causes of delay , (12 peoples) 20.34% of the
respondents are agreed on lack of experience, in Consultant, contractor, and client (LEICCC)) is

19
causes of delay , the rest of the respondent of 13.6% is uncertain, 3.4% disagreed, 1.66% is strongly
disagreed, so that the researcher strongly agreed on 61% respondent’s attitude towards lack of
experience, in Consultant, contractor, and client (LEICCC)) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.6 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Construction material cost inflation
(CMCI) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.6, (40 peoples) 67.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed on Construction
material cost inflation (CMCI) is causes of delay, (15 peoples) 25.42% of the respondents are agreed
on Construction material cost inflation (CMCI) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of 5.1%
is uncertain, 1.67% disagreed, 0% is strongly disagreed, so that the researcher strongly agreed on
67.8% respondent’s attitude towards Construction material cost inflation (CMCI) is causes of delay

20
Figure 4.1.7 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not delayed in payments for contractor and
daily workers (DIPFCDW) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.7, (34 peoples) 57.63% of the respondents were strongly agreed on delayed in
payments for contractor and daily workers (DIPFCDW) is causes of delay, (13 peoples) 22% of the
respondents were agreed on delayed in payments for contractor and daily workers (DIPFCDW) is
causes of delay , the rest of the respondent of 13.6% were uncertain, 5.1% was disagreed, 1.7% was
strongly disagreed, so that the researcher strongly agreed on 57.63% respondent’s attitude towards
delayed in payments for contractor and daily workers (DIPFCDW) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.8 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Proper budget allocation problem form
concerned body such as government (PBAP) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.8, (20 peoples) 33.9% of the respondents were strongly agreed on Proper budget
allocation problem form concerned body such as government (PBAP) is causes of delay,
(20 peoples) 33.9% of the respondents were agreed on Proper budget allocation problem from
concerned body such as government (PBAP) is causes of delay , the rest of the respondent of 16.95%
were uncertain, 10.2% was disagreed, 5.1% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was
strongly agreed on 33.9% respondent’s attitude towards Proper budget allocation problem
from concerned body such as government (PBAP) is causes of delay

21
Figure 4.1.9 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Specification error (SE) is causes of delay

On figure 4.1.9, (32 peoples) 54.24% of the respondents were strongly agreed on Specification error
(SE) is causes of delay, (14 peoples) 23.37% of the respondents were agreed on Specification error
(SE) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of 16.95% were uncertain, 5.1% was disagreed,
0% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher strongly agreed on 57.63% respondent’s attitude
towards Specification error (SE) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.10 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Construction material supply in time
problem (CMSP) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.10, (30 peoples) 50.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed on Construction
material supply in time problem (CMSP) is causes of delay. (16 peoples) 27.1% of the respondents
were agreed on Construction material supply in time problem (CMSP) is causes of delay, the rest
of the respondent of 15.3% were uncertain, 6.77.1% was disagreed, 0% was strongly disagreed, so

22
that the researcher strongly agreed on 50.8% respondent’s attitude towards Construction material
supply in time problem (CMSP) is causes of delay.

Figure 4.1.11 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not new construction equipment
Technology usage experience problem (NCETUE) is causes of delay
On figure 4.1.11 ,(20 peoples) 33.9% of the respondents were strongly agreed on
new construction equipment Technology usage experience problem (NCETUE) is causes of delay.
(30 peoples) 50.8% of the respondents were agreed on new construction equipment
Technology usage experience problem (NCETUE) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent of
15.3% were uncertain, 6.77.1% was disagreed, 0% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher
agreed on 50.8% respondent’s attitude towards new construction equipment Technology usage e
xperience problem (NCETUE) is causes of delay

Figure 4.1.12 Respondent attitudes towards weather or not Design change and design error
(DCADE) is causes of delay

23
 On figure 4.1.12, (36 peoples) 61% of the respondents were strongly agreed on Design change and
design error (DCADE) is causes of delay (16 peoples) 27.1% of the respondents were agreed on
Design change and design error (DCADE) is causes of delay, the rest of the respondent 8.5%
were uncertain, 27.1% was disagreed, 0% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher strongly
agreed on 50.8% respondent’s attitude towards Design change and design error (DCADE) is causes
of delay

Table 4.3 Summary of respondent Response toward factor causing building construction delay

(DIPFCDW)

(NCETUE)
(LEICCC)

(DCADE)
(CBCAP)

(CMCI)

(PBAP)

CMSP)
Degree

(SSW)
(PPM)

IPAS)

(SE)
Strongly disagree(1) 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0
Disagree(2) 1 3 20 14 2 1 3 6 3 4 3 16
Uncertain(3) 2 8 10 10 8 3 8 10 10 9 6 5
Agree(4) 30 26 6 14 12 15 13 20 14 16 30 16
Strongly agree(5) 25 20 3 32 36 40 34 20 32 30 20 36

Figure 4.1.13 Respondent attitude toward all combined Couse of delay

From Figure 4.1.13, The summarized figure indicate that the highest response on each rating were
symbolized as 40 people or 67% of the respondent said that, the causes of construction delay is as the
results of Construction material cost inflation (CMCI), (36 peoples) 61% of respondent strongly agreed
on lack of experience, in Consultant, contractor, and client (LEICCC) is the causes of delay, (36

24
peoples) 50.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed on Design change and design error
(DCADE) is causes of delay, Specification error (SE) is causes of delay

Generally causes of construction delay at Guder town were construction cost inflation, construction
management problems, design change and design errors, specification error, proper budget allocation
problems were some most frequently selected attitudes of the respondent

4.2 Strategies for minimizing delays in building construction

The researcher was attempted to dugout Strategies for minimizing delays in building construction
depending on factors that causes building construction delay in Guder town such as, Good project
management trend (GPMT), Adequate planning and scheduling (APS) , Enough human skill and man
power (EHSMP), Employ well experienced, Consultant, contractor, and client (EWECCC) ,
Government intervention and stable cost inflation (GIASCI) , On time payments for contractor and
daily workers (PCADW) , Proper budget allocation (PBA), Use correct Specification (UCS),
Construction material supply in time (CMST) , well experience in using New construction equipment
and Technology (WEUNCEAT), Check the design pre-construction Phase(CDPCP) were some point
forwarded from respondent during questionaries’

Figure 4.2.1 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
Good project management trend (GPMT),

On figure 4.2.1, (30 peoples) 50.8% of the respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building
construction delay by using Good project management trend (GPMT), (25 peoples) 42.4% of the
respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize building construction delay by using Good
project management trend (GPMT), the rest of the respondent 3.4% were uncertain, 1.7% was
25
disagreed, 1.7% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher agreed on 50.8% respondent’s attitude
towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by using Good project management trend
(GPMT),

Figure 4.2.2 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
adequate planning and scheduling (APS)
On figure 4.2.2 (32 peoples) 54.24% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by adequate planning and scheduling (APS) applicability, (19 peoples)
32.2% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize building construction delay
by using adequate planning and scheduling (APS) , the rest of the respondent 8.5% were uncertain,
3.4% were disagreed, 1.66% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly agreed on
54.24% respondent’s attitude towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
adequate planning and scheduling (APS) applicability

26
 Figure 4.2.3 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
enough human skill and man power (EHSMP)
On figure 4.2.3 (25 peoples) 42.37% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by adequate planning and scheduling (APS) applicability, (15 peoples)
25.42% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize building construction delay
by using adequate planning and scheduling (APS) , the rest of the respondent 16.95% were uncertain,
10.2% was disagreed, 5.1% were strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly agreed on
42.37% respondent’s attitude towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
enough human skill and man power (EHSMP) applicability

Figure 4.2.4 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
employ well experienced, Consultant, and contractor, (EWECC)
On figure 4.2.4 (35 peoples) 59.32% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by using employ well experienced, Consultant, and contractor, (EWECC),
(15 peoples) 25.42% of the respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building using
employ well experienced, Consultant, contractor, and client (EWECC), the rest of the respondent 6.8%
were uncertain, 5.1% were disagreed, 3.4% were strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly

27
agreed on 59.32% respondent’s attitude towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by
using employ well experienced, Consultant, and contractor, (EWECC)applicability

Figure 4.2.5 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
Government intervention and making stable cost inflation (GIASCI)
On figure 4.2.5 (40 peoples) 59.32% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by using Government intervention and stable cost inflation (GIASCI),
(15 peoples) 25.42% of the respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building by using
Government intervention and making stable cost inflation (GIASCI), the rest of the respondent 5.1%
were uncertain, 1.7% was disagreed, 0% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly
agreed on 59.32% respondent’s attitude towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by
using Government intervention and making stable cost inflation (GIASCI) applicability

28
Figure 4.2.6 Respondent attitude toward strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
on time payments for contractor and daily workers (PCADW)
On figure 4.2.6 (34 peoples) 57.63% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for
minimize building construction delay by using on time payments for contractor and daily workers
(PCADW) , (13 peoples) 22% of the respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building by
using on time payments for contractor and daily workers (PCADW), the rest of the respondent 13.8%
were uncertain, 5.1% were disagreed, 1.7% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was
strongly agreed on 57.63% respondent’s attitude towards strategy for minimize building construction
delay by using on time payments for contractor and daily workers (PCADW) applicability

Figure 4.2.7 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by Proper budget
allocation (PBA)
On figure 4.2.7 (20 peoples) 33.9% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by using Proper budget allocation (PBA) , (20 peoples) 33.9% of the
29
respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building by using Proper budget allocation (PBA)
, the rest of the respondent 16.95% were uncertain, 10.2% were disagreed, 5.1% were strongly
disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly agreed on 33.9% respondent’s attitude towards
strategy for minimize building construction delay by using Proper budget allocation (PBA)
applicability

Figure 4.2.8 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by using
correct Specification (UCS)
On figure 4.2.8 (20 peoples) 33.9% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by using Proper budget allocation (PBA) , (20 peoples) 33.9% of the
respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building by using Proper budget allocation (PBA)
, the rest of the respondent 16.95% were uncertain, 10.2% were disagreed, 5.1% were strongly
disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly agreed on 33.9% respondent’s attitude towards
strategy for minimize building construction delay by using Proper budget allocation (PBA)
applicability

30
Figure 4.2.9 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by Construction
material supply in time (CMST)
On figure 4.2.9 (30 peoples) 50.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by using Construction material supply in time (CMST) , (16 peoples)
27.1% of the respondents were agreed on strategy for minimize building by using Construction
material supply in time (CMST) , the rest of the respondent 15.25% were uncertain, 6.8% were
disagreed, 0% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly agreed on 50.8%
respondent’s attitude towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by using
Construction material supply in time (CMST) applicability

Figure 4.2.10 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by well experience
in using new construction equipment and Technology (WEUNCEAT)

On figure 4.2.10 (20 peoples) 33.9% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for
minimize building construction delay by using well experience in using new construction equipment
and Technology (WEUNCEAT) , (30 peoples) 50.8% of the respondents were agreed on strategy

31
for minimize building by using well experience in using new construction equipment and
Technology (WEUNCEAT) , the rest of the respondent 10.2% were uncertain, 5.1% were disagreed,
0% was strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was agreed on 50.8% respondent’s attitude
towards strategy for minimize building construction delay by using well experience in using new
construction equipment and Technology (WEUNCEAT) applicability

Figure 4.2.11 Respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by checking the
design pre-construction phase (CDPCP
On figure 4.2.10 (36 peoples) 61% of the respondents were strongly agreed on strategy for minimize
building construction delay by using well experience in using new construction equipment and
Technology (WEUNCEAT) , (16 peoples) 27.1% of the respondents were agreed on strategy for
minimize building by using well experience in using new construction equipment and Technology
(WEUNCEAT) , the rest of the respondent 10.2% were uncertain, 3.4% were disagreed, 0% was
strongly disagreed, so that the researcher was strongly agreed on 61% respondent’s attitude towards
strategy for minimize building construction delay by using well experience in using new
construction equipment and Technology (WEUNCEAT) applicability

32
 Table 4:4 Summary of respondent Response toward strategy for minimizing building construction
delay at Guder Town

(WEUNCEAT)
(EWECCC)

(PDACBA)
(PCADW)
(EHSMP)

(GIASCI)
(GPMT)

(CMST)
Degree

(UCS)
(APS)

PBA)
Strongly disagree(1) 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
Disagree(2) 1 6 19 3 3 3 6 3 4 3 2
Uncertain(3) 2 10 5 4 30 8 10 10 9 6 5
Agree(4) 30 15 19 15 15 13 20 14 16 30 16
Strongly agree(5) 25 25 32 35 40 34 20 32 30 20 36

Figure 4.2.12 respondent attitude toward strategy to minimize construction delay by

Generally figure 4.2.12 summarized that, the strategy for minimizing building construction delay at
Guder town addressed as Good project management trend (GPMT), Adequate planning and
scheduling (APS) , Enough human skill and man power (EHSMP), Employ well experienced,
Consultant, contractor, and client (EWECC) , Government intervention and stable cost inflation
(GIASCI) , On time payments for contractor and daily workers (PCADW) , Proper budget allocation
(PBA), Use correct Specification (UCS), Construction material supply in time (CMST) , well
experience in using New construction equipment and Technology (WEUNCEAT), Check the design
pre-construction Phase(CDPCP) were some most frequently selected attitudes of the respondent

33
 CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion

The major objective of this study was to investigate the variables influencing the bluing construction
project's timely completion in the context of Guder Town in Toke Kutaye woreda, west shoa zone.
The study was used 59 samples and issued questionnaires to experts of toke kutaye road Authority,
Guder town municipality, Toke kutaye project committee members which is leaded by woreda vice
administrator who were the having long period experience on construction project and other
stakeholders of building construction workers and other construction project firm
.From the participants only 59 of the 59 respondents who received the questionnaires fully filled and
responded for the study. the results from the analysis concluded that timely completion(Dependent
variable) is positively and significantly impacted by manpower skill, Poor project management ,
Conflicts between contractors and parties , Shortages of skilled workers , Inadequate planning and
scheduling , lack of experience, in Consultant, contractor, and client , Construction material cost
inflation , Delayed in payments for contractor and daily workers , Proper budget allocation problem
form concerned body such as government , Specification error ,Construction material supply in tim
e problem , New construction equipment Technology usage experience problem , Design change
and design error were some most frequently selected attitudes of the respondent towards factors
causing construction delay (the independent variables).Furthermore, a case study was done on the
above points in order to know how much it has affected the work progress of building construction
at Guder Town
Depending on the factor causing building construction delay, the researcher was obliged to searched
out the strategy to minimize building construction delay at Guder town the following findings,
Good project management trend , Adequate planning and scheduling , Enough human skill and man
power, Employ well experienced, Consultant, and contractor, sub-contractors, Government
intervention to stable cost inflation, On time payments for contractor and daily workers, Proper
budget allocation , Use correct Specification , Construction material supply in time , well experience
in using New construction equipment and Technology , Check the design pre-construction Phase
were some important building construction delay minimizing strategy forwarded by respondent

34
6.4 Recommendations and Future Studies

Since construction project delay is a menace associated with both emerging and developed
economies, therefore, further investigations cutting across both economies could be conducted to
advance the structural design model and capture effective panacea (solution) to some other opposing
problems of project scheduling and performance in the construction sector. Key delay factors used
in this study are effective yet may be adjusted or added to suit with some real-life practices with
different working cultures. For example, the uses of advanced technology on construction sites to
enhance the work performance and reduce the construction delay may be investigated together with
different workers’ characteristics, such as educational background, work skill, and attitudes in
technology adaptation to effectively plan for technology investment. Further study could also be
performed to capture more insights of the key delay factors to effectively plan for delay reduction in
the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction stages.
Feedback of customers from previous projects could also be used to improve the work performance
from the pre-construction stage (e.g., the strategy to minimize building construction delay at Guder
town were the following findings, Good project management trend , Adequate planning and
scheduling , Enough human skill and man power, Employ well experienced, Consultant, and contr
actor, sub-contractors, Government intervention to stable cost inflation, On time payments for
contractor and daily workers, ,Use correct Specification , Construction material supply in time ,
well experience in using New construction equipment and Technology , Check the design pre-
construction Phase or controlling the design quality, and utilizing a better design technology) to
avoid and reduce the construction delay of the later projects. Also, delivering project within the
scheduled budget (Proper budget allocation) is also an indicator of project performance.
The study's conclusions demonstrated that crucial elements for timely completion include Manpower
skill, Government intervention to stable cost inflation, On time payments for contractor and daily
workers (payment delays), Construction material supply in time , Employ well experienced,
Consultant, and contractor, delivering project within the scheduled budget (Proper budget allocation)
Therefore, concentrating on these and taking the appropriate action on these variables could increase
the likelihood that the influence on timely completion will be contained.
The researcher has made the following recommendations in light of his findings.
1. Government interference is mandatory to reduce construction material cost inflation at Guder
Town even as whole in order to achieve timely completion of the project.

35
2. Manpower skill has a positive and significant effect on timely completion hence, the required
manpower skill shall carefully be deployed on building construction at Guder town in order to
achieve timely completion of the project.
2. From the analysis it was observed that Employing well experienced Consultant and contractor
has positive impact on timely completion of the project. Hence, deploying experienced consultant
as well as the contractor will be mandatory for building construction at Guder town to accomplish
timely completion of construction project
3. The finding explained that Construction material supply in time has positive and significant effect
on timely completion. Consequently, construction material supply in time is achieving the timely
completion of the project. Hence, concerned body must prepare construction material in time pre-
construction phase at Guder town to complete building construction in time

4. The other major finding regarding the timely completion of the project Check the design pre-
construction Phase or controlling the design quality, and utilizing a better design technology to avoid
and reduce the construction delay of the later projects. Hence, quality of design checked before
construction start will aid in achieving the timely completion.

5. The finding also concludes that payment delay is the major impact in delaying the timely
completion. Hence, improving the delay on payment to the contractor by preparing payment timely
will enhance the timely completion of the project.

6. The last finding was well experience in using new construction equipment and Technology. This
can be corrected by giving training either for workers or replacing the skilled and experienced
workers at position. Hence, concerned body will be mandatory to take measure on this issue

36
 REFERENCES
Abbasi, O., Noorzai, E., Jafari, K. G., & Golabchi, M. (2020). Exploring the causes of delays in
construction industry using a cause-and-effect diagram: Case study for Iran. Journal of Architectural
Engineering, 26(3), 1-16.

Abbasi-Oshaghi, E., Mirzaei, F., Farahani, F., Khodadadi, I. and Tayebinia, H., 2020. Diagnosis and
treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Laboratory, PCR, and chest CT imaging
findings. International Journal of Surgery, 79, pp.143-153. Advances in Intelligent Systems and
Computing, 84-95.

AL- Emad,N., &Nagapan, S.(2015). Identification of delay factor from Macca’s construction expert
perspective. International journal of sustainable construction engineering and technology, vol 6 No
2, pp.1-4

American Psychological Association, (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological

Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author

Ametepey, S. O., Gyadu-Asiedu, W., & Assah-Kissiedu, M. (2017). Causes-effects relationship of

construction project delays in Ghana: Focusing on local government projects. Advances in Human
Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure,

Ametepey, S.O., Gyadu-Asiedu, W. and Assah-Kissiedu, M., 2018. Causes-effects relationship of

construction project delays in Ghana: Focusing on local government projects. In Advances in Human
Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure: Proceedings of the AHFE 2017
International Conference on Human Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure, July
17− 21, 2017, The Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA 8 (pp. 84-95). Springer
International Publishing.

Anderson, G., Berk, A., Harder, G., Fontenla, J., Shettle, E., Pilewski, P., Kindel, B., Chetwynd, J.,
Gardner, J., Hoke, M. and Jordan, A., 2006, December. Atmospheric sensitivity to spectral top of-
atmosphere solar irradiance perturbations, using MODTRAN-5 radiative transfer algorithm. In AGU
Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2006, pp. A11C-05).

37
Appelbaum, M., Cooper, H., Kline, R.B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Nezu, A.M. and Rao, S.M., 2018.
Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA Publications
and Communications Board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), p.3.

Arantes, A. and Ferreira, L.M.D., 2020. Underlying causes and mitigation measures of delays in
construction projects: An empirical study. Journal of Financial Management of Property and
Construction, 25(2), pp.165-181.

Arantes, A. and Ferreira, L.M.D., 2020. Underlying causes and mitigation measures of delays in
construction projects: An empirical study. Journal of Financial Management of Property and
Construction, 25(2), pp.165-181.

Assaf, S. A., & Al-Hejji, S. (2006). Causes of delay in large construction projects. International
Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 349-357

Bahra, A. (2019). What causes delays and cost overruns on major infrastructure projects?

Bassa, M., Reta, A., Alyew, A., & Tora, M. (2019). Causes and effects of design change in

Bekr, G.A., 2015. Identifying factors leading to cost overrun in construction projects in
Jordan. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management, 5(3), pp.25-33.

Bigdeli, T. and Moradi Dehaghi, S., 2018. The effect of trace amount of Zr-doped TiO2 on
photocatalytic activity in degradation of organic waste. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery,
Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 40(3), pp.274-281. Building construction projects in three
selected southern Ethiopia zone. International

Choong Kog, Y. (2018). Major Construction Delay Factors in Portugal, the UK, and the US. Practice
Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 23(4), 04018024 Choong Kog, Y. (2018). Major
Construction Delay Factors in Portugal, the UK, and the US. Practice Periodical on Structural
Design and Construction, 23(4), and 04018024 Construction Products Association, The Building
Centre, 26 Store Street, London.

Fajrina, N. and Tahir, M., 2019. A critical review in strategies to improve photocatalytic water
splitting towards hydrogen production. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(2), pp.540-
577.

38
Fashina, A.A., Fakunle, F.F., Omar, M.A. and Salah, J.A., 2020. Examining the possible solutions
to construction delays in the Somaliland construction industry.

Fink, A., 2005. Evaluation Fundamentals: Insights into the Outcomes, Effectiveness, and Quality of
Health Programs: Insights Into the Outcomes, Effectiveness, and Quality of Health Programs. Sage.

Husain, Y., Alalwan, A., Al-Musawi, Z., Abdulla, G., Hasan, K. and Jassim, G., 2019. Knowledge
towards human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and attitude towards its vaccine in the Kingdom of
Bahrain: cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 9(9), p.e031017.

IsHak, W.W., Wen, R.Y., Naghdechi, L., Vanle, B., Dang, J., Knosp, M., Dascal, J., Marcia, L.,
Gohar, Y., Eskander, L. and Yadegar, J., 2018. Pain and depression: a systematic review. Harvard
review of psychiatry, 26(6), pp.352-363. Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 8(12),
757-761.

Kassebaum, N.J., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Coggeshall, M.S., Shackelford, K.A., Steiner, C., Heuton,
K.R., Gonzalez-Medina, D., Barber, R., Huynh, C., Dicker, D. and Templin, T., 2014. Global,
regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic
analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 384(9947), pp.980-1004.

Kazaz, A., Ulubeyli, S. and Tuncbilekli, N.A., 2012. Causes of delays in construction projects in
Turkey. Journal of civil Engineering and Management, 18(3), pp.426-435.

Khoso, A.R., Khan, J.S., Faiz, R.U. and Akhund, M.A., 2019. Assessment of change orders attributes
in preconstruction and construction phase. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(3), pp.616-623.

Khoso, I.A., Dai, X., Irshad, M.N., Khan, A. and Wang, X., 2019. A low-complexity data detection
algorithm for massive MIMO systems. IEEE Access, 7, pp.39341-39351.

Laffont, J.J. and Tirole, J., 1993. A theory of incentives in procurement and regulation. MIT press.

Larsen, P.M., Schmidt, S. and Schiøtz, J., 2016. Robust structural identification via polyhedral
template matching. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 24(5),
p.055007.

39
Long, N.D., Ogunlana, S., Quang, T. and Lam, K.C., 2004. Large construction projects in developing
countries: a case study from Vietnam. International Journal of project management, 22(7), pp.553-
561.

Mahdian, A., Yousefi, J., Nazmdar, M., Zarif Karimi, N., Ahmadi, M. and Minak, G., 2017. Damage
evaluation of laminated composites under low-velocity impact tests using acoustic emission
method. Journal of composite materials, 51(4), pp.479-490..

Nikumbh, A.R. and Pimplikar, S.S., 2014. Role, Services of Project Management Consultancy in
Construction Projects & the Audit Process. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-
JMCE), 11, pp.22-31.

Paul, I., Goswami, A., Mittal, N. and Schmittel, M., 2018. Catalytic Three‐Component Machinery:
Control of Catalytic Activity by Machine Speed. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 57(1),
pp.354-358. projects. Advances in Human Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure,

Rao, S., Kota, L.N., Li, Z., Yao, Y., Tang, J., Mao, C., Jain, S., Xu, Y. and Xu, Q., 2016. Accelerated
leukocyte telomere erosion in schizophrenia: evidence from the present study and a meta-
analysis. Journal of psychiatric research, 79, pp.50-56. Relationship of construction project delays
in Ghana: Focusing on local government

Riddell, M.C., Gallen, I.W., Smart, C.E., Taplin, C.E., Adolfsson, P., Lumb, A.N., Kowalski, A.,
Rabasa-Lhoret, R., McCrimmon, R.J., Hume, C. and Annan, F., 2017. Exercise management in type
1 diabetes: a consensus statement. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 5(5), pp.377-390.

Sambasivan, M. and Soon, Y.W., 2007. Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction
industry. International Journal of project management, 25(5), pp.517-526.

Singh, A.S. and Masuku, M.B., 2014. Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in
applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of economics, commerce and
management, 2(11), pp.1-22.

Staiti, M., Othman, M. and Jaaron, A.A., 2016, March. Impact of change orders in construction
sector in the West Bank. In International conference on industrial engineering and operations
management (pp. 1690-8). Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur.

40
Stone, M.H., 1997. Ibsen's life-lie and Adler's lifestyle. Individual Psychology: The Journal of
Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 53(3).

Stumpf, G. R. (2000). Schedule delay analysis. Cost Engineering, 42(7), 32.

Tafazzoli, M. and Shrestha, P., 2017, October. Factor analysis of construction delays in the US
construction industry. In International conference on sustainable infrastructure (pp. 111-122).

Toor, S.U.R. and Ogunlana, S.O., 2008. Problems causing delays in major construction projects in
Thailand. Construction management and economics, 26(4), pp.395-408.

Van Weele, A.J. and Van Raaij, E.M., 2014. The future of purchasing and supply management
research: About relevance and rigor. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(1), pp.56-72.

Windell, M.A., 2019. David Dixon Porter, Genre, and Imagining the Early Dominican
Republic. Studies in American Fiction, 46(1), pp.1-30.

Zidane, Y.J.T. and Andersen, B., 2018. The top 10 universal delay factors in construction
projects. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 11(3), pp.650-672.

41
 Appendix-I
This is to inform you that: the partial fulfillment for my first degree in civil
Engineering at Ambo University Hachalu Hundessa Campus.
Objective of the study
This study will aimed at ''strategies for minimizing delays in building construction: a case study of Guder
town
Instruction for respondents we are kindly request you to deal with the ff points
 No need writing your own name on the page
 Please I would like you to fill on the space provide your opinion, assumption, estimation and finally
your perspective concerning the issue correctly
The aim of the study to analyze ''strategies for minimizing delays in building construction: a case study of
Guder town by taking questioner, interview, document reviewing and finally the researcher will attempt to
analyses data
So Please be honest and open-minded in your evaluations and opinions. All information obtained will be
kept severely confidential. Your kind assistance is highly appreciated.
Questionnaire No:: ______________Date of interview: __________
Part I. Personal Information of Respondents please use this mark (√)
1. Your current residence____________________________________
2. Sex: Male Female
3. Age: Under 14 years 15-39 years 40-64years above 65 year
5. Educational background: None Read-Write Elementary School
Secondary school High School College Graduated
Higher education others
6. Occupation: Government Sector Private Sector , Retired (stop working) Other
(specify)______________________
Part I personal attitude, opinion, belief information of respondent (please tick by (√)
N.B tick once for single purpose by (√ )
What are the status and factors causing building construction delay in Guder town currently?
Table: I degree of Guder town building construction factor causes of delay personal attitude, perspectives and
opinion measurement

 Design Change (DC)

 Difficulties in financing projects
 Proper budget allocation problem form concerned body
 Shortages of skilled workers,

42
 No. the purpose & mandatory of Strongly Agree Uncertain( Disagree( Strongly
agree(5) (4) 3) 2) disagree
1. Building construction Management
and man power problem
1.1 Poor project management
1.2 Conflicts between contractors and parties
1.3 Shortages of skilled workers,

1.4 Inadequate planning and scheduling

1.5 lack of experience, in Consultant,

contractor, and client

2. Budget concern
2.1 Construction material cost inflation

2.2 Delayed in payments for contractor and

daily workers

2.3 Proper budget allocation problem form

concerned body such as government

3. Material supply and design concern

3.1 Specification error
3.2 Construction material supply in time
problem
3.3 New construction equipment
Technology usage experience problem
3.4 Design change and design error
Write any remain drawback of building construction causes of delay and put your own suggestion for the
remediation of problems
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
What are the strategy to minimize building construction delay in Guder town currently do you expect?
Table: II strategy to minimize building construction delay personal attitude, perspectives and opinion
measurement

No. the purpose & mandatory of Strongly Agree Uncert Disagree(2) Strongly
agree(5) (4) ain(3) disagree
1. Building construction Management and man
power problem
1.1 Good project management trend
1.2 Enough human skill and man power
1.3 Adequate planning and scheduling

43
1.4 Employ well experienced, Consultant, contractor,
and client
2. Budget concern
2.1 Government intervention and stable cost inflation

2.2 On time payments for contractor and daily workers

2.4 Proper budget allocation

3. Material supply and design concern

3.1 Use correct Specification
3.2 Construction material supply in time

3.3 well experience in using New construction

equipment and Technology

Write the remain strategy to minimize construction delay if any____________________________

44