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Assignment On Categorical Syllogisms

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Harris Ejaz
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10 views

Assignment On Categorical Syllogisms

Uploaded by

Harris Ejaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Muhammad Haris Ijaz

Roll Number: 231459603


PHIL221 Section-A
ASSIGNMENT 3: CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS

QUESTION I
2. EAA-1
Syllogisms in the first figure have the form:
M—P

S—M

∴ S—P

Therefore, EAA-1:

No M are P

All S are M

All S are P

If either premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative, but an affirmative conclusion is being
drawn from a negative premise. Therefore, it commits the fallacy of affirmative conclusion. 5th rule
is broken.

3. IAO-3
Syllogisms in the third figure have the form:
M—P

M—S

∴ S—P

Therefore IAO-3:

Some M are P

All M are S

Some S are not P

The major term and is distributed in the conclusion but is undistributed in the major premise.
Therefore, the fallacy of illicit major occurs. 3rd rule is broken.
13. EEE-1
Syllogisms in the first figure have the form:

M—P

S—M

∴ S—P

Therefore, EEE-1:

No M are P

No S are M

No S are P

Because there are 2 negative premises, therefore, the argument commits the fallacy of exclusive
premises. 4th rule is broken.

14. OAO-2
Syllogisms in the second figure have the form:
P—M

S—M

∴ S—P

Therefore, OAO-2:

Some P are not M

All S are M

Some S are not P

Illicit major fallacy is committed because the major term is distributed in the conclusion but
undistributed in the major premise. 3rd rule is broken.

QUESTION II
2.

All criminal actions are wicked deeds.

All prosecutions for murder are criminal actions.

Therefore, all prosecutions for murder are wicked deeds.

This argument commits fallacy of 4 terms through fallacy of equivocation. Middle term (criminal
actions) gives two different meanings in both premises. In the first premise criminal actions mean
just an illegal act whereas in the second criminal actions are referring to the type legal proceeding,
that is, prosecution for criminal action. 1st rule is broken.
3.

No tragic actors are idiots.

Some comedians are not idiots.

Therefore, some comedians are not tragic actors.

This argument commits the fallacy of exclusive premises because it contains two negative premises.
4th rule is broken.

8.

Some diamonds are not precious stones.

Some carbon compounds are diamonds.

Therefore, some carbon compounds are not precious stones.

Because the middle term (diamonds) is not distributed even once, this argument commits fallacy of
undistributed middle. 2nd rule is broken.

9.

All people who are most hungry are people who eat most.

All the people who eat least are people who are most hungry.

Therefore, all people who eat least are people who eat most.

This argument commits fallacy of 4 terms through fallacy of equivocation. Middle term (people who
are most hungry) gives two different meanings in both premises. In the first premise the subject has
availability of food and when most hungry they eat to their fill and therefore the most as compared
to those who are not much hungry. In the second premise, homeless people or any people with not
much availability of or the resources to obtain food eat as much as they could find and therefore the
least and are in turn the most hungry because they could never eat to their fill. 1st rule is broken.

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