PHYSICS NMAT TIMED REVIEWER

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Motion
1. An object travels 30 m in 5 seconds. What is its average speed?
a) 1 m/s
b) 5 m/s
c) 6 m/s
d) 15 m/s

Solution:
Average speed = (Total distance) / (Total time)
Average speed = (30 m) / (5 s)
Average speed = 6 m/s
Answer: c) 6 m/s

Linear Motion
2. A car accelerates from rest at 2 m/s² for 10 seconds. What is its final velocity?
 a) 2 m/s
b) 10 m/s
c) 20 m/s
d) 30 m/s

Solution:
Final velocity = Initial velocity + (Acceleration × Time)
Final velocity = 0 m/s + (2 m/s² × 10 s)
Final velocity = 20 m/s
Answer: c) 20 m/s

Free Fall Motion

3. A stone is dropped from a height of 80 m. How long does it take to reach the
ground? (Use g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) 2 s
b) 4 s
c) 6 s
d) 8 s

Solution:
Using the equation, h = 0.5 × g × t²
Time, t = √(2h/g)
t = √(2 × 80 m / 9.81 m/s²)
t≈4s
Answer: b) 4 s

Projectile
4. A projectile is launched at an angle of 30 degrees and an initial velocity of 50 m/s.
What is the maximum height reached by the projectile? (Use g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) 15.6 m
b) 31.3 m
c) 39.1 m
d) 48.7 m

Solution:
Vertical component of velocity = v₀sinθ = 50 m/s × sin(30) = 25 m/s
 Using the equation, v² = u² - 2as
0 = (25 m/s)² - 2 × 9.81 m/s² × h
h = 625 / (2 × 9.81)
h ≈ 31.3 m
Answer: b) 31.3 m

Uniform Circular Motion

5. A car travels at a constant speed of 20 m/s around a circular track with a radius of
100 m. What is the car's centripetal acceleration?
a) 0.2 m/s²
b) 1.0 m/s²
c) 2.0 m/s²
d) 4.0 m/s²

Solution:
Centripetal acceleration = v² / r
Centripetal acceleration = (20 m/s)² / 100 m
Centripetal acceleration = 4 m/s²
Answer: d) 4.0 m/s²

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

6. What is the gravitational force between two objects with masses 2 kg and 4 kg
separated by a distance of 3 meters? (Use G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²)
a) 1.19 × 10⁻¹¹ N
b) 3.56 × 10⁻¹¹ N
c) 5.34 × 10⁻¹¹ N
d) 7.12 × 10⁻¹¹ N

Solution:
Gravitational force = G × (m₁ × m₂) / r²
Gravitational force = (6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²) × (2 kg × 4 kg) / (3 m)²
Gravitational force ≈ 1.19 × 10⁻¹¹ N
Answer: a) 1.19 × 10⁻¹¹ N

Laws of Motion
 7. A 10 kg box is pushed with a force of 50 N. If the frictional force is 20 N, what is the
box's acceleration?
a) 1 m/s²
b) 2 m/s²
c) 3 m/s²
d) 5 m/s²

Solution:
Net force = Applied force - Frictional force
Net force = 50 N - 20 N = 30 N
Acceleration = F_net / m
Acceleration = 30 N / 10 kg = 3 m/s²
Answer: c) 3 m/s²

Normal force
8. A 5 kg object is placed on a 30-degree inclined plane. What is the normal force
acting on the object? (Use g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) 24.525 N
b) 42.525 N
c) 49.050 N
d) 61.312 N

Solution:
Normal force = mg × cosθ
Normal force = 5 kg × 9.81 m/s² × cos(30)
Normal force ≈ 42.525 N
Answer: b) 42.525 N

Friction
9. A 10 kg object is moving on a flat surface with a coefficient of kinetic friction of
0.15. What is the frictional force acting on the object? (Use g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) 1.5 N
b) 7.35 N
c) 14.7 N
d) 29.4 N
 Solution:
Frictional force = µ × Normal force
Frictional force = 0.15 × (10 kg × 9.81 m/s²)
Frictional force = 14.7 N
Answer: c) 14.7 N

Tension
10. A 10 kg object is hanging from a rope. What is the tension in the rope? (Use g =
9.81 m/s²)
a) 9.81 N
b) 19.62 N
c) 29.43 N
d) 98.1 N

Solution:
Tension = mg
Tension = 10 kg × 9.81 m/s²
Tension = 98.1 N
Answer: d) 98.1 N

Kepler’s Law of Planetary Orbits

11. Kepler's Third Law states that the square of the period of a planet's orbit is
proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis. If a planet's orbital period is 4 Earth
years, and Earth's semi-major axis is 1 astronomical unit (AU), what is the planet's
semi-major axis?
a) 1 AU
b) 2 AU
c) 4 AU
d) 8 AU

Solution:
(T_planet/T_Earth)² = (a_planet/a_Earth)³
(4/1)² = (a_planet/1)³
a_planet = 2 AU
Answer: b) 2 AU
Work
12. A 50 N force is used to push a box 5 meters. What is the work done if the force is
parallel to the displacement?
a) 10 J
b) 50 J
c) 250 J
d) 1000 J

Solution:
Work = Force × Displacement × cosθ
Work = 50 N × 5 m × cos(0)
Work = 250 J
Answer: c) 250 J

Power
13. A 1000 W motor lifts a 100 kg object 10 meters in 5 seconds. What is the motor's
efficiency?
a) 0.5
b) 0.6
c) 0.8
d) 1.0

Solution:
Work done = mgh = 100 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 10 m = 9810 J
Energy input = Power × Time = 1000 W × 5 s = 5000 J
Efficiency = Work done / Energy input
Efficiency = 9810 J / 5000 J ≈ 0.6
Answer: b) 0.6

Potential Energy
14. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 5 kg object at a height of 10 meters?
(Use g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) 49.05 J
b) 245.25 J
c) 490.5 J
d) 981 J
 Solution:
Potential energy = mgh
Potential energy = 5 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 10 m
Potential energy = 490.5 J
Answer: c) 490.5 J

Kinetic Energy
15. A 2 kg object is moving at 10 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
a) 10 J
b) 20 J
c) 50 J
d) 100 J

Solution:
Kinetic energy = 0.5 × m × v²
Kinetic energy = 0.5 × 2 kg × (10 m/s)²
Kinetic energy = 100 J
Answer: d) 100 J

Momentum
16. A 5 kg object is moving at 6 m/s. What is its momentum?
a) 1 kg m/s
b) 6 kg m/s
c) 30 kg m/s
d) 36 kg m/s

Solution:
Momentum = mass × velocity
Momentum = 5 kg × 6 m/s
Momentum = 30 kg m/s
Answer: c) 30 kg m/s

Impulse
17. A 10 kg object is moving at 5 m/s and experiences a force of 50 N for 2 seconds.
What is its final velocity after the force is applied?
 a) 2 m/s
b) 7 m/s
c) 12 m/s
d) 15 m/s

Solution:
Impulse = Force × Time = 50 N × 2 s = 100 Ns
Change in momentum = Impulse = 100 Ns
Final momentum = Initial momentum + Change in momentum = (10 kg × 5 m/s) +
100 Ns = 150 kg m/s
Final velocity = Final momentum / Mass = 150 kg m/s / 10 kg = 15 m/s
Answer: d) 15 m/s

Fluids
18. Which of the following substances has the highest viscosity?
a) Water
b) Glycerin
c) Olive oil
d) Air

Solution: b) Glycerin

Density
19. A solid cube with a side length of 2 m has a mass of 32 kg. What is its density?
a) 2 kg/m³
b) 4 kg/m³
c) 8 kg/m³
d) 16 kg/m³

Solution:
Density = Mass / Volume
Density = 32 kg / (2 m × 2 m × 2 m)
Density = 32 kg / 8 m³
Density = 4 kg/m³
Answer: b) 4 kg/m³
Specific Gravity
20. What is the specific gravity of a substance with a density of 2400 kg/m³? (Use the
density of water as 1000 kg/m³)
a) 0.4
b) 1.2
c) 1.6
d) 2.4

Solution:
Specific Gravity = Density of substance / Density of water
Specific Gravity = 2400 kg/m³ / 1000 kg/m³ = 2.4
Answer: d) 2.4

Pressure
21. A force of 200 N is applied on a surface with an area of 2 m². What is the pressure
exerted on the surface?
a) 50 Pa
b) 100 Pa
c) 200 Pa
d) 400 Pa

Solution:
Pressure = Force / Area
Pressure = 200 N / 2 m²
Pressure = 100 Pa
Answer: b) 100 Pa

Pascal’s Law
22. A hydraulic lift has a small piston with a diameter of 0.1 m and a large piston with a
diameter of 0.4 m. If a force of 100 N is applied to the small piston, what force is
exerted by the large piston?
a) 100 N
b) 400 N
c) 1600 N
d) 6400 N
 Solution:
F1 / A1 = F2 / A2
F2 = F1 × (A2 / A1)
F2 = 100 N × ((0.4 m / 0.1 m)²)
F2 = 100 N × 16
F2 = 1600 N
Answer: c) 1600 N

Buoyant Force
23. A 5 kg object is submerged in water. What is the buoyant force acting on the
object? (Use g = 9.81 m/s² and the density of water as 1000 kg/m³)
a) 9.81 N
b) 24.525 N
c) 49.05 N
d) 98.1 N

Solution:
Buoyant force = ρ × V × g
Volume (V) = Mass / Density of the object
Assuming the object has the same density as water:
Volume (V) = 5 kg / 1000 kg/m³ = 0.005 m³
Buoyant force = 1000 kg/m³ × 0.005 m³ × 9.81 m/s²
Buoyant force = 49.05 N
Answer: c) 49.05 N

Bernoulli's Principle
24. In a pipe with varying diameters, fluid flows faster in which section?
a) The section with the largest diameter
b) The section with the smallest diameter
c) The speed is the same in all sections
d) It depends on the fluid's density

Solution: b) The section with the smallest diameter

Torricelli's Theorem
 25. Water flows out of a hole at the bottom of a container with a height of 4 meters.
What is the speed of the water exiting the hole? (Use g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) 2.91 m/s
b) 4.43 m/s
c) 5.86 m/s
d) 8.84 m/s

Solution:
v = √(2gh)
v = √(2 × 9.81 m/s² × 4 m)
v ≈ 8.84 m/s
Answer: d) 8.84 m/s

Venturi Effect
26. In a Venturi tube, when the cross-sectional area decreases, the pressure of the fluid:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Depends on the fluid's viscosity

Solution: b) Decreases

The Venturi effect is based on the principle of conservation of energy. According to

this principle, as the fluid flows through a pipe with varying cross-sectional areas,
the sum of its kinetic and potential energy per unit volume remains constant
(assuming no energy is added or removed). When the cross-sectional area of the
pipe decreases, the fluid must flow faster to maintain the same flow rate. As the
fluid's speed increases, its kinetic energy increases, and to conserve energy, its
potential energy (in this case, pressure) must decrease. Therefore, when the
cross-sectional area decreases, the pressure of the fluid decreases.

Laws of Thermodynamics
27. Which of the following statements is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
b) The entropy of an isolated system can never decrease.
 c) No process is possible whose sole result is the complete conversion of heat into
work.
d) The efficiency of a heat engine depends on the temperature difference between
the hot and cold reservoirs.

Solution: a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to
another.

The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy,
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to
another. This law implies that the total energy in a closed system remains constant,
even though the energy may change forms, such as from heat to mechanical work
or vice versa. This concept is fundamental to understanding energy transformations
and is the foundation for many thermodynamic processes.

Heat Capacity
28. A substance with a high heat capacity:
a) Heats up and cools down quickly
b) Heats up and cools down slowly
c) Requires more energy to change temperature
d) Both b and c

Solution: d) Both b and c

Heat capacity is a measure of a substance's ability to store thermal energy. A

substance with a high heat capacity can store more energy per unit temperature
change than a substance with a low heat capacity. This means that a substance
with a high heat capacity requires more energy to change its temperature and will
heat up and cool down more slowly than a substance with a low heat capacity.
Therefore, both options b) and c) are correct.

Change in Phase
29. Which of the following processes requires the most energy for 1 kg of water? (Use
g = 9.81 m/s²)
a) Raising the temperature of water from 10°C to 90°C
b) Melting 1 kg of ice at 0°C
 c) Evaporating 1 kg of water at 100°C
d) Raising the temperature of water from 0°C to 100°C

Solution: c) Evaporating 1 kg of water at 100°C

Each of the processes listed involves adding energy to 1 kg of water, but the
amount of energy required for each process is different. Raising the temperature of
water involves increasing its thermal energy, while melting ice and evaporating
water involve breaking the intermolecular bonds to change the phase. Evaporating
1 kg of water at 100°C requires the most energy because the energy needed to
break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and turn the liquid into
vapor (latent heat of vaporization) is much greater than the energy needed for the
other processes.

Radiation
30. Which of the following types of heat transfer does not require a medium to
propagate?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) All require a medium

Solution: c) Radiation

Radiation is the type of heat transfer that does not require a medium to propagate.
It is the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves. Unlike conduction
and convection, which rely on the presence of a material medium (such as a solid,
liquid, or gas) to transfer heat, radiation can occur in a vacuum or through empty
space. This means that heat can be transferred through radiation even in the
absence of a physical medium.

In radiation, heat energy is emitted by a warmer object in the form of

electromagnetic waves, which can include visible light, infrared radiation, or even
higher-energy waves like ultraviolet or X-rays. These waves can travel through
empty space and be absorbed by other objects, thereby transferring heat to them.
 Examples of radiation heat transfer include the warmth felt from the Sun, the heat
emitted by a fire, or the energy transferred from a hot object to its surroundings
without direct contact. In each case, the heat is transferred through the emission,
propagation, and absorption of electromagnetic waves, without the need for a
material medium.

PREPARED BY: NMAT STUDY BUDDY

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