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Diesel Engine

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mohamed.hassan031
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16 views7 pages

Diesel Engine

Uploaded by

mohamed.hassan031
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

Diesel engines use compression ignition, where air


is compressed, and fuel ignites without a spark.
They are fuel-efficient and durable, ideal for
heavy-duty vehicles and machinery. While they
offer high power and torque, they produce more
nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, requiring
emission controls.

By :

1/MARCLINO ADEL 2/MOHA

diesel engines
1|Page

Introduction

A diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine used in most cars.


Both engines are internal combustion engines, meaning they burn the
fuel-air mixture within the cylinders. Both are reciprocating engines,
being driven by pistons moving laterally in two directions. The
majority of their parts are similar. Although a diesel engine and
gasoline engine operate with similar components, a diesel engine,
when compared to a gasoline engine of equal horsepower, is heavier
due to stronger, heavier materials used to withstand the greater
dynamic forces from the higher combustion pressures present in the
diesel engine.
Major components of diesel engines and their
functions:
2|Page

Component Function Simple Figure


Engine Block provides the structure
and rigid frame for the
engine's cylinders,
water coolant and oil
passages, and support
for the crankshaft and
camshaft bearings.
Piston the piston compresses
air to ignite fuel,
creating a power stroke
that drives the piston
down. This movement
turns the crankshaft to
power the vehicle. The
piston also helps expel
exhaust gases and draw
in fresh air.
3|Page

Connecting Connects piston to the


Rod crank shaft.

Crankshaft The crankshaft


transforms the linear
motion of the pistons
into a rotational motion
that is transmitted to
the load.

Crankcase The crankcase is


usually located on the
bottom of the cylinder
block. The crankcase is
defined as the area
around the crankshaft
and crankshaft
bearings. This area
encloses the rotating
crankshaft and
crankshaft counter
weights and directs
returning oil into the oil
pan.
4|Page

Driver gear and In order for a diesel


Camshaft engine to operate, all of
its components must
perform their functions
at very precise intervals
in relation to the
motion of the piston.
To accomplish this, a
component called a
camshaft is used.

Flywheel the flywheel plays a


crucial role in storing
energy, smoothing out
engine operation,
aiding in the starting
process, and connecting
with the clutch in
manual transmissions.
The heavier flywheels
in diesel engines are
designed to handle the
higher torque and
compression that these
engines produce.
5|Page

Cylinder A diesel engine's


Head cylinder heads perform
several functions;

First, they provide the


top seal for the cylinder
bore or sleeve.
Second, they provide
the structure holding
exhaust valves (and
intake valves where
applicable), the fuel
injector, and necessary
linkages.
Fuel system: All diesel engines
require a method to
-Fuel injector store and deliver fuel to
-Fuel pump the engine. Because
-Fuel filter diesel engines rely on
injectors which are
precision components
with extremely tight
tolerances and very
small injection hole(s),
the fuel delivered by
fuel pump to the
engine must be
extremely clean and
free of contaminants
and that is assured
using a fuel filter .
6|Page

Fundamentals of the Diesel Cycle


 Ignition occurs in a diesel by injecting fuel into the air charge which has been heated
by compression to a temperature greater than the ignition point of the fuel.
 A diesel engine converts the energy stored in the fuel's chemical bonds into
mechanical energy by burning the fuel. The chemical reaction of burning the fuel
liberates heat, which causes the gasses to expand, forcing the piston to rotate the
crankshaft.
 A four-stroke engine requires two rotations of the crankshaft to complete one cycle.
The event occur as follows:
Intake the piston passes TDC, the intake valve(s) open and the fresh air is admitted into the
cylinder, the exhaust valve is still open for a few degrees to allow scavenging to occur.
Compression after the piston passes BDC the intake valve closes and the piston travels up
to TDC (completion of the first crankshaft rotation).
Fuel injection - As the piston nears TDC on the compression stroke, the fuel is injected by
the injectors and the fuel starts to burn, further heating the gasses in the cylinder.
Power the piston passes TDC and the expanding gasses force the piston down, rotating the
crankshaft.
Exhaust as the piston passes BDC the exhaust valves open and the exhaust gasses start to
flow out of the cylinder. This continues as the piston travels up to TDC, pumping the spent
gasses out of the cylinder. At TDC the second crankshaft rotation is complete.
A two-stroke engine requires one rotation of the crankshaft to complete one cycle. The
events occur as follows:
Intake the piston is near BDC and exhaust is in progress. The intake valve or ports open
and the fresh air is forced in. The exhaust valves or ports are closed and intake continues.
Compression after both the exhaust and intake valves or ports are closed, the piston travels
up towards TDC. The fresh air is heated by the compression.
Fuel injection near TDC the fuel is injected by the injectors and the fuel starts to burn,
further heating the gasses in the cylinder.
Power - the piston passes TDC and the expanding gasses force the piston down, rotating the
crankshaft.
Exhaust as the piston approaches BDC the exhaust valves or ports open and the exhaust
gasses start to flow out of the cylinder.

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