Pair of Linear Equations in

Basics Revisited Two Variables

Equation

An equation is a statement that two mathematical expressions having one or

more variables are equal.

Linear Equation

Equations in which the powers of all the variables involved are one are called
linear equations. The degree of a linear equation is always one.

General form of a Linear Equation in Two Variables

The general form of a linear equation in two variables is ax + by + c = 0, where a and b

cannot be zero simultaneously.

Representing linear equations for a word problem

To represent a word problem as a linear equation

Identify unknown quantities and denote them by variables.

Represent the relationships between quantities in a mathematical form, replacing the
unknowns with variables.

Solution of a Linear Equation in 2 variables

The solution of a linear equation in two variables is a pair of values, one for x and the other
for y, which makes the two sides of the equation equal.
Eg: If 2x+y=4, then (0,4) is one of its solutions as it satisfies the equation. A linear equation in
two variables has infinitely many solutions.

Geometrical Representation of a Linear Equation

Geometrically, a linear equation in two variables can be represented as a straight line.

2x − y + 1 = 0

⇒ y = 2x + 1
 Graph of y = 2x + 1

Plotting a Straight Line

The graph of a linear equation in two variables is a straight line. We plot the straight line as
follows:

Take any value for one of the variables(x 1 = 0) and substitute it in the equation to get
the corresponding value of the other variable (y ). 1

Repeat this again (put y = 0, get x ) to get two pairs of values for the variables which
2 2

represent two points on the Cartesian plane. Draw a line through the two points.

Any additional points plotted in this manner will lie on the same line.

All about Lines

General form of a pair of linear equations in 2 variables

A pair of linear equations in two variables can be represented as follows

a1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0

a2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0

The coefficients of x and y cannot be zero simultaneously for an equation.

Nature of 2 straight lines in a plane

For a pair of straight lines on a plane, there are three possibilities

i) They intersect at exactly one point

 pair of linear equations which intersect at a single point.

ii) They are parallel

pair of linear equations which are parallel.

iii) They are coincident

 pair of linear equations which are coincident.

Graphical Solution
Representing pair of LE in 2 variables graphically

Graphically, a pair of linear equations in two variables can be represented by a pair of

straight lines.

Graphical method of finding solution of a pair of Linear Equations

Graphical Method of finding the solution to a pair of linear equations is as follows:

Plot both the equations (two straight lines)

Find the point of intersection of the lines.

The point of intersection is the solution.

Comparing the ratios of coefficients of a Linear Equation

b
i) If the pair of equations are said to be consistent. Graphs of the two equations
a1 1
≠ ,
a2 b2

intersect at a unique point. The pair of linear equations have exactly one solution.
ii) If the equations are said to be dependent. One equation can be obtained by
a b1 c
1 1
= = ,
a b c
2 2 2

multiplying the other equation with a non-zero constant. In this case, graphs of both the
equations coincide. Dependent equations are consistent. The pair linear equations have
infinitely many solutions.
iii) If the equations are said to be inconsistent. The graphs of the equations are
a1 b1 c1
= ≠ ,
a b c
2 2 2

parallel to each other. The pair of linear equations have no solution.

Algebraic Solution
Finding solution for consistent pair of Linear Equations

The solution of a pair of linear equations is of the form (x,y) which satisfies both the
equations simultaneously. Solution for a consistent pair of linear equations can be found out
using

i) Elimination method

ii) Substitution Method

iii) Cross-multiplication method

iv) Graphical method

Substitution Method of finding solution of a pair of Linear Equations

Substitution method:
y − 2x = 1

x + 2y = 12

(i) express one variable in terms of the other using one of the equations. In this case,
y = 2x + 1

(ii) substitute for this variable (y) in the second equation to get a linear equation in one
variable, x.
x + 2 × (2x + 1) = 12

⇒ 5x + 2 = 12

(iii) Solve the linear equation in one variable to find the value of that variable.
5x + 2 = 12

⇒ x = 2

(iv) Substitute this value in one of the equations to get the value of the other variable.
y = 2 × 2 + 1 = 5

So, (2,5) is the required solution of the pair of linear equations y − 2x = 1 and x + 2y = 12.

Elimination method of finding solution of a pair of Linear Equations

Elimination method
Consider x+2y=8 and 2x-3y=2
Step 1: Make the coefficients of any variable same by multiplying the equations with
constants. Multiplying the first equation by 2, we get,
2x+4y=16
Step 2: Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable, giving a single variable
equation.
Subtract second equation from the previous equation
2x + 4y = 16
 2x - 3y = 2
- + -
-----------------------
0(x)+7y=14
Step 3: Solve for one variable and substitute this in any
equation to get the other variable.
y = 2;

x = 8 − 2y = 8 − 4 = 4

(4,2) is the solution.

Cross-multiplication Method of finding solution of a pair of Linear

Equations

For the pair of linear equations

a1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0

a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0,

x and y can be calculated as

b1 c2 −b2 c1
x =
a b −a b
1 2 2 1

c1 a2 −c2 a1
y =
a1 b2 −a2 b1

Solving Linear Equations

Equations reducible to a pair of Linear Equations in 2 variables

Some equations may be in a form which can be reduced to a linear equation through
substitution.
2 3
+ = 4
x y

5 4
− = 9
x y

In this case, we may make the substitution 1

x
= u and
1

y
= v

The pair of equations reduces to

2u +3v=4
5u-4v=9

The above pair of equations may be solved. After solving, back substitute to get the values of
x and y.
 CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variable

Objective Questions

Algebraic Solution

1. Half the perimeter of a rectangular room is 46 m, and its length is 6 m more than
its breadth. What is the length and breadth of the room?

(A) 2m, 20m

(B) 2m, 3m

(C) 56m, 40m

(D) 26m, 20m

Answer: (D) 26m, 20m

Solution: Let l and b be the length and breadth of the room. Then, the
perimeter of the room = 2(l+b) metres
From question, l=6+b... (1)
×2(l+b) =46⟹l+b=46... (2)
Using Substitution method:
Substituting the value of l from (1) in (2), we get
6+b+b=46
⇒ 6+2b=46⟹2b=40
⟹b=20 m.
Thus, l=26 m

2. Solve the following pair of equations:

2x+y=7
3x+2y=12
Choose the correct answer from the given options.

(A) (-3,2)

(B) (1,0)

(C) (3,2)

(D) (2,3)

Answer: (D) (2, 3)

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Solution: We have,

2x+y=7 ... (1)

3x+2y=12... (2)

Multiply equation (1) by 2, we get:

2(2x+y) =2(7)
⇒4x+2y=14... (3)

Subtracting (2) from (3) we get,

x=2
Substituting the value of x in (1) we get,
2(2) +y=7⟹y=3

Thus, the solution for the given pair of linear equations is (2, 3).

3. Solve

- = -2; + =

(A) Y=

(B) X= =

(C) Y=

(D) X=

Answer: (A) Y=

Solution: - = -2

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 LCM of 2 and 3 is 6. Multiply by 6 on both sides

9x−10y=−12 ------------- (1)

+ =

LCM is 6. Multiply by 6 on both sides

3x+3y=13 --------------(2)

Multiply equation (2) by 3 to eliminate x; so we get,

9x+9y=39...............(3)

Subtract (3) from (1) we have

−19y=−51⇒y=

Substitute this in one of the equation and we get

X= 10 = = =

⇒x=

4. Given: 3x–5y=4;9x=2y+7

Solve above equations by Elimination method and find the value of x.

(A) X=

(B) Y=

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(C) X=

(D) Y=

Answer: X=

Solution: Given:
3x–5y=4......(1)
9x=2y+7
9x−2y=7.....(2)
Multiply equation (1) by 3

⇒9x–15y=12.......(3)

Subtracting (2) from (3) we get,

−13y=5

Y= -

Substituting the value of y in (2)

9x=2y+7

X=

X= =

X=

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All about Lines

5. Choose the pair of equations which satisfy the point (1,-1)

(A) 4x–y=3,4x+y=3
(B) 4x+y=3,3x+2y=1
(C) 2x+3y=5,2x+3y=−1
(D) 2x+y=3,2x–y=1]

Answer: (B) 4x+y=3, 3x+2y=1

Solution: For a pair of equations to satisfy a point, the point should be the unique
solution of them.
Solve the pair equations 4x+y=3,3x+2y=1
let 4x+y=3.....(1)
and 3x+2y=1 .....(2)
y=3−4x [ From (1)]
Substituting value if y in (2)
3x+2y=1
3x+2(3−4x)=1
3x+6−8x=1
−5x=−5⇒x=1
Substituting x = 1 in (1),
4(1)+y=3⇒y=−1
⇒ (1,-1) is the solution of pair of equation.
∴ Pair of equations which satisfy the point (1,-1)
Note: - We can also substitute the value (1,-1) in the given equations and check if it
satisfies the pair of equations or not. In this case it only satisfies the pair of
equation 4x+y=3, 3x+2y=1 and hence (1, -1) is the unique solution of the equation.

6. 54 is divided into two parts such that sum of 10 times the first part and 22 times
the second part is 780. What is the bigger part?

(A) 34
(B) 32
(C) 30
(D) 24

Answer: (A) 34

Solution: Let the 2 parts of 54 be x and y

x+y = 54.... (i)

and 10x + 22y = 780 -------------------- (ii)

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 Multiply (i) by 10, we get

10 x + 10 y = 540----------------------- (iii)

10x + 22y = 780 -------------- (ii) {Subtracting (ii) from (iii)}

(-) (-) (-)

________________________

- 12y = - 240

y = 20

Substituting y = 20 in x + y = 54, we have x + 20 = 54; x = 34

Hence, x = 34 and y = 20.

7. What are the values of a, b and c for the equation y=0.5x+ when written in the

standard form: ax+by+c=0?

(A) 0.5, 1,

(B) 0.5, 1, -

(C) 0.5, -1,

(D) -0.5, 1,

Answer: (C) 0.5, -1,

Solution: Y= 0.5X +

⇒0.5x−y+ =0

The general form of an equation is ax+by+c=0.

Here, on comparing, we get
a=0.5, b=−1 and c=

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 8. Which of the following pair of linear equations has infinite solutions?

(A) X + 2Y = ; X+6Y =21

(B) y+2x=10; 11x+6y=21

(C) 4x+3y=7; 3x+6y=25

(D) x+2y=7; 3x+6y=21

Answer: (D) x+2y=7; 3x+6y=21

Solution: If two equations are consistent and overlapping, then they will have infinite
solutions. Option A consists of two equations where the second equation can be reduced
to an equation which is same as the first equation.
x+2y=7.... (i)
3x+6y=21..... (ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by 3, we get
x+2y=7 which is the same as equation (i).
The equations coincide and will have an infinite solution.

Alternate Method:
Let the two equations be
x+ y+ =0

x+ y+ =0

The condition for having infinite solutions is:

= = …. (I )

For the equations, on substituting values in eq (i), we get

= =

∴ The pair of equations x+2y=7 and 3x+6y=21. Have infinite solutions.

Similarly, we can check that other options don’t have infinite solutions.

Basics Revisited

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 9. Which of these points lie on the line 7x+8y=61

(A) (3,4)
(B) (2,5)
(C) (-3,7)
(D) (3,5)

Answer: (D) (3, 5)

Solution: Substituting the value of x = 3 and y = 4,

7x+8y=61 = 7(3) +8(4) =53.

Substituting the value of x = 2 and y = 5,

7x+8y=61 = 7(2) +8(5) =54.

Substituting the value of x = -3 and y = 7,

7x+8y=61 = 7(−3) +8(7) =35.

Substituting the value of x = 3 and y = 5,

7x+8y=61 = 7(3) +8(5) =61

Hence, (3, 5) lies on the given line

10. Which of these following equations have x=−3, y=2 as solutions?

(A) 3x−2y=0
(B) 3x+2y=0
(C) 2x+3y=0
(D) 2x−3y=0

Answer: (C) 2x+3y=0

Solution: Substituting the values in LHS,

L.H.S=2x+3y

L.H.S=2(−3) +3(2)

L.H.S=0=R.H.S

Hence x=−3, y=2 is the solution of the equation 2x+3y=0

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11. If y = (3x+7) is rewritten in the form ax+by+c=0, what are the values of a, b and

c?

(A)

(B) 7,2,3

(C) -2, 3, -7

(D) -3,2,-7

Answer: (D) -3, 2,-7

Solution: The given equation is:

y= (3x+7)

Simplifying the equation we get:

2y−3x−7=0

⇒−3x+2y−7=0 (1)

Thus, the value of a, b and c is -3, 2 and -7 respectively.

The equation can also be written as,

3x−2y+7=0

Thus, the value of a, b and c is +3, -2 and +7 respectively.

The option -3, 2 and -7 is correct [Since +3, -2 and +7 is not an option]

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 12. x−y=0 is a line:

(A) Passing through origin

(B) Passing through (1,-1)

(C) || to y axis

(D) || to x axis

Answer: (A) Passing through origin

Solution: x−y=0, is a line passing through the origin as point (0, 0) satisfies the given
equation

Graphical Solution

13. If = in the system of equations x+ y+ =0 and x+ y+ =0

Statement 1: This is the condition for inconsistent equations

Statement 2: There exists infinitely many solutions

Statement 3: The equations satisfying the condition are parallel

Which of the above statements are true?

(A) only

(B)

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 (C)

(D)

Answer: (C)

Solution: If = ,

The condition is for inconsistent pair of equations which are parallel and have no
solution.

∴ Statement 1 and 3 are correct

14. + = 1 and + =1. Choose the correct statement.

(A) For k 3 a unique solution exists

(B) For k=3 infinitely many solutions exists

(C) For k= 5 , a unique solution exists

(D) For k= 5 , infinitely many solutions exist

Answer: For k= 5 , infinitely many solutions exist

Solution: = =

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 For, unique solution, ⇒k≠5

For, infinitely many solutions = ⇒k= 5

15. The figure shows the graphical representation of a pair of linear equations. On the
basis of graph, the pair of linear equation gives _______________solutions.

(A) Four

(B) Only one

(C) Infinite

(D) Zero

Answer: (B) Only one

Solution: If the graph of linear equations represented by the lines intersects at a point,
this point gives the unique solution. Here the lines meet at the point (1,-1) which is the
unique solution of the given pair of linear equations.

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 16. For what value of k, the pair of linear equations 3x+ky =9 and 6x+4y=18 has
infinitely many solutions?

(A) -5

(B) 6

(C) 1

(D) 2

Answer: Given equations gives infinitely many solutions if,

The given linear equations are:

3x+ky=9; 6x+4y=18.

⇒ and = 6, =4, = -18

⇒ = =

⇒ =

⇒k=2

Solving Linear Equations

17. Solve the following pair of linear equation

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 + =2

- = -1

(A) 9,8

(B) 4,9

(C) 3,2

(D) ,

Answer: (B) 4, 9

Solution: The pair of equations is not linear. We will substitute as and as

we will get the equation as

2u+3v=2

4u−9v=−1

We will use method of elimination to solve the equation.

Multiply the first equation by 3, we get

6u+9v=6

4u−9v=−1

Adding the above two equations

10u=5

u=

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 Substituting u in equation 4u−9v=−1 we get v=

So x= =4

y= =9

18. Solve the following pair of equation

=5

=15

(A) None of these

(B) 2, not defined

(C) , not defined

(D) , not defined

Answer: (D) , not defined

Solution: First separate the variables

=5

- =5

- =5

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 Similarly we can do separation of variables for second equation

=15

- = 15

Now we see that the equation is not linear.

So we will substitute = u and = v

The pair of equation can be written as

-2u+7v=5

-6u+8v=15

We can solve the pair of equation by method of elimination.

-6u+21v=15---------------------------- (1)

-6u+8v = 15---------------------------- (2)

Subtracting (2) from (1), we get 13v = 0; v = 0

Substituting v = 0 in -2u + 7v = 5
we get u= -

= u and = v

∴x = − and y = not defined

19. Find x and y if + =2

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 + =1

(A) x = -2, y = 2

(B) x = 7, y = -8

(C) x = 0, y = 8

(D) x = 1, y = 7

Answer: (D) x = 1, y = 7

Solution: Let, p= and q=

Thus, 5p + q = 2---- (i)

6p - 3q = 1----- (ii)

Multiply (i) by 3

⇒ 15p + 3q = 6---- (iii)

Adding (iii) and (ii),

21p = 7

p=

Substitute the value of p in (i)

5 + q=2

q= 2-

⇒q=

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 Now, p =

⇒ =

⇒x=1

q=

⇒ =

⇒y=7

20. Solve the following pair of equations:

+ =1

- =2

(A) X= , Y=

(B) x=4,y=9

(C) x=3,y=11

(D) X= , Y=

Answer: (A) X= , Y=

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Solution: Let =b

(As x≠0, y≠0)

Then, the given equations become
a+3b=1 … (1)
6a−12b=2 … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 4, we get 4a+12b=4 … (3)
On adding equation (2) and equation (3), we get 10a=6
⇒a=

Putting a= in equation (1), we get

+3b=1

⇒b=

⇒b=

Hence, x= and y=

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 POST CLASS NOTES

Pair of Linear Equations in

Two variables
Topics

1. General Form of a Linear Equation

2. Types of Pairs of Linear Equations

3. Methods of Solving Pairs of

Linear Equations

4. Solving non-linear pair of equations

 1. Linear Equations in Two Variables
General Form
Coefficients Constant
𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
Variables

where, a and b are non-zero real numbers

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Consider two different equations in 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦,

2𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦 + 5 = 0
8𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 0
These two combined are known as pair of linear equations in two
variables.

General Form of Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

𝑎𝑎1𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0

𝑎𝑎2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐2 = 0
 2. Types of Pairs of Linear Equations
Parallel Lines Intersecting Lines Coinciding Lines

𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐1

= ≠ ≠ = =
𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐2 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐2

Inconsistent equations Consistent equations

No solution At least one solution

3. Methods of Solving Pairs of

Linear Equations
Methods of Solving

Graphical Method Algebraic Methods

Substitution Method Elimination Method Cross-Multiplication Method

 3.1 Graphical Method
2𝑥𝑥 − 1𝑦𝑦 = −1 , 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 9

Find points to construct lines on a graph paper for the two given equations

To construct a line, we need at least two point of the line, we find the value
substituting values of x and y in the two equations.
2𝑥𝑥 − 1𝑦𝑦 = −1 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 9
1 𝒙𝒙 0 3 1
𝒙𝒙 0 − 1
2 9
1 0 3 𝒚𝒚 0 3
𝒚𝒚 2

Draw the two line on a graph and mark the points at which they intersect.
y

(1, 3) The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate

of the point at which the two lines
intersect is the solution(s) of the pair of
equations.
x” x

y”
 3.2 Substitution Method
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4 , 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 2

Take one of the equations and move 'y' to LHS and the rest to RHS
to get the value of 'y' in terms of 'x'.

𝑦𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥𝑥

Substitute the obtained value of 'y' in the other equation to get the
numerical value of 'x'.

𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑥𝑥 − 4 − 𝑥𝑥 = 2
2𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 2
𝑥𝑥 = 3

Now, substitute the obtained value of 'x' in either of the equations to

get the value of 'y'.

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4
3 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4
𝑦𝑦 = 1
 3.3 Elimination Method
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18 , 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 32
1 2
Note down equations aligned to respective Pick the variable which will be easier to
variables as shown. eliminate.

+3𝑥𝑥 +2𝑦𝑦 = +18 +3𝑥𝑥 +2𝑦𝑦 = +18

+5𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 = +32 +5𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 = +32

3 4
Equalise the coefficients of the variable to
Subtract the second equation from the first
be eliminated by multiplying every term of
equation by reversing all the signs.
the equation with the same number.

+3𝑥𝑥 +2𝑦𝑦 = +18 +6𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 =

= +36
=
×2 ×2 ×2
−5𝑥𝑥 −4𝑦𝑦 =
= −32
=
+5𝑥𝑥 +4𝑦𝑦 = +32
+𝑥𝑥 =
+0𝑦𝑦 = +4

5 6
Substitute the value of the now known Verify the values obtained for
variable into the simpler equation to get the 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 by putting them
value of the other variable. in the given equations
We know that,
𝑥𝑥 = 4 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18,
And, 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18
LHS = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦
⇒ 3 × 4 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 18
= 3 × 4 + 2 × 3
⇒ 12 + 2 = 18
= 18
= RHS
⇒ 2𝑦𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 3
5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 32
From the above, x = 4 and y = 3. LHS = 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦
Therefore, (4,3) is the solution of the = 5 × 4 + 4 × 3
simultaneous equations 32
= RHS
“3x + 2y = 18" and
“5x + 4y = 32".
 3.4 Cross-Multiplication Method
Write the two equations in the general form:

𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0

𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐2 = 0

Now write the coefficients, variables and constants in

the pattern shown. After that multiply and subtract in the
direction of the arrows as shown:
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏1

𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐2 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2

𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =
𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐2 − 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐1 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑐𝑐2 𝑎𝑎1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏1

Get 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 in the LHS and substi tute the respective values to
get the answer.

𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐2 − 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐1 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑐𝑐2 𝑎𝑎1

𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏1
 Solving Non-Linear Pair of Equations
Solve for x and y.

5 1 6 3
+ =2 , − =1
𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑦𝑦

Identify what part can be substi tuted wi th some other

variables to make the equation linear.

𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
5× +1× =2 𝒑𝒑 =
𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏 𝒚𝒚 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏

𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
6× −3× =1 𝒒𝒒 =
𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏 𝒚𝒚 𝒚𝒚

Solve the obtained pair of linear

Now solve for x and y.
equations using any method

1 1 1
5𝒑𝒑 + 𝒒𝒒 = 2 𝒑𝒑 = 𝑥𝑥 = + 1 𝑦𝑦 =
3 𝒑𝒑 𝒒𝒒
1 4
6𝒑𝒑 − 3𝒒𝒒 = 1 𝒒𝒒 = 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 = 3
3 3
 Mind Map

Parallel Lines

Intersecting lines
Types of Linear equations

Coincident lines

Pair of Linear
equations in two Solving the Pairs of
variables Non-Linear
Equations

Solving the Pairs of

Linear Equations
Reducing the Equations
into Linear Form
Elimination method

Cross-multiplication
Graphical method method
Substitution
Method
 Practice Questions - Term I
Date: 20/11/2021
Subject: Mathematics
Topic : Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables Class: X

1. Consider two equations in the variables x and y written in the standard form:
5x + 6y + 4 = 0 and

10x + 12y + 7 = 0

What is the nature of these two lines?

A. Coincident

B. Intersecting

C. Parallel

D. Coincident or parallel

2. The number of solutions of the given pair of linear equations 3x − 9y = 10

and 9x − 27y = 30 is:

A. Infinite

B. One

C. Two

D. Zero

3. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 3x + 5y = 1 are parallel, then the value
of 'k' is.

A. 15

B. 4

15

C. 3

D. 4

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

4. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is x + y = 30. The

second equation can be

A. 4x + 5y = 150

B. 5x + 5y = 150

C. 5x + 5y = 15

D. 4x + 5y = 150

5. For what value of k, will the following system of equations have infinitely
many solutions?
2x + 3y = 4, (k + 2)x + 6y = 3k + 2

A. k=2

B. k=3

C. k=4

D. k=5

6. Determine the value of k for which the given system of equations has a
unique solution:
x − ky = 2, 3x + 2y = −5

A. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all real
values of k other than −
2

B. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all real
values of k other than
2

C. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all real
values of k other than
5

D. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all real
values of k other than
2

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

7. What is the solution of the pair of linear equations: 2x − 3y = 2, x + 2y = 8 ?

A. x = 2 and y = 4

B. x = 4 and y = 2

C. x = 4 and y = 4

D. x = 2 and y = 2

8. The age of the father is twice the sum of the ages of his two children. After
20 years, his age will be equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find
the age of the father.

A. 45 years

B. 50 years

C. 40 years

D. 30 years

9. What is the solution of the pair of linear equations x + y = 18 and x − 2y = 0

?

A. x = 12 & y = 6

B. x = 6 & y = 12

C. x = 11 & y = 7

D. x = 7 & y = 11

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

10.
What is the solution of the pair of linear equations 3x– 5y = 4, 9x = 2y + 7?

A. x =
9
,y=
−5

13 13

B. x =
13
,y=
−13

9 5

C. x =
−9
,y=
−5

13 13

D. x =
9
,y=
5

13 13

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

11. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the value of 'k' for which both the balls collide.

A. The balls will collide for all the real value of k except
15

B. The balls will collide for all the real value of k except
2

15

C. The balls will collide for all the values of k

D. The ball will collide at k =

15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

12. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the value of 'k' for which the path of the balls coincides.

A. k=
−2

15

B. k=
−15

C. k=
2

15

D. k=
15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

13. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the value of 'k' for which the path of the balls is parallel.

A. k =
2

15

B. k =
15

C. It is not possible for the balls to have parallel path

D. k =
−15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

14. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the nature of linear equations of the given paths. Provided k=7.

A. Coinciding

B. Parallel

C. Intersecting

D. Parallel or coinciding

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

15. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the point of intersection of the path of the balls. Provided k=7.

A. (0,2)

B. (2,2)

C. (0,0)

D. (2,0)

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

16. If 3x– 4y = 1 and 5x– 6y = 7, then x + y = ___.

A. 16

B. 20

C. 18

D. 19

17.
Six years hence, Rahul's age will be three times his son's age and three
years ago, he was nine times as old as his son. Rahul's present age is:

A. 28 years

B. 30 years

C. 32 years

D. 34 years

18.
54 is divided into two parts such that sum of 10 times the first part and 22
times the second part is 780. What is the bigger part?

A. 34

B. 32

C. 30

D. 24

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

19.
Find the value of k for which each of the following systems of equations has
no solution:
kx + 3y = 3, 12x + ky = 6.

A. k=6

B. k = -6

C. k = -3

D. k=3

20. 5 chairs and 4 tables together cost Rs.5600,while 4 chairs and 3

tables together cost Rs.4340.Find the cost of a chair and that of a table
respectively.

A. 700, 560

B. 700, 700

C. 560, 560

D. 560,700

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
Date: 20/11/2021
Subject: Mathematics
Topic : Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables Class: X

1. Consider two equations in the variables x and y written in the standard form:
5x + 6y + 4 = 0 and

10x + 12y + 7 = 0

What is the nature of these two lines?

 A. Coincident

 B. Intersecting

 C. Parallel

 D. Coincident or parallel

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
The equations of the two lines are:

5x + 6y + 4 = 0

10x + 12y + 7 = 0

Here,
a1 = 5, b1 = 6, c1 = 4, a2 = 10, b2 = 12, c2 = 7 .
a1 5 1

a
= =
2 10 2

b 6 1
1
= =
b2 12 2

c2
1
= .
4

a b1 c
⇒ a
1

2
=
b
≠ c
.
1

2
2

⇒ The pair of equations have no solutions, i.e, they are parallel.

Also, when we plot the graphs of these two equations, it is visible that they
are parallel to each other.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

2. The number of solutions of the given pair of linear equations 3x − 9y = 10

and 9x − 27y = 30 is:

 A. Infinite

 B. One

 C. Two

 D. Zero
a1 = 3, b1 = −9, and c1 = 10

a2 = 9, b2 = 27, and c2 = 30

a1 3 b −9 c1 10
1
= , = , =
a2 9 b2 27 c2 30

a b1 c 1
1 1
⇒ a
= = c
=
2 b 2 3
2

So, the given pair of straight lines have infinite solutions.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

3. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 3x + 5y = 1 are parallel, then the value
of 'k' is.

 A. 15

 B. 4

15

 C. 3

 D. 4

Condition for parallel lines is

a b c
1 1 1
= ≠
a2 b2 c2

Given 3x + 2ky – 2 = 0
And 2x + 5y – 1 = 0
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 2k, c1 = −2

and a 2 = 2, b2 = 5, c2 = −1

From Eq (i),
3 2k
=
2 5
15
∴ k =
4

c
Also, 1 −2
= = 2
c2 −1

a b1 c
Thus, a
1

2
=
b
≠ c
1

2
2

4. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is x + y = 30. The

second equation can be

 A. 4x + 5y = 150

 B. 5x + 5y = 150

 C. 5x + 5y = 15

 D. 4x + 5y = 150

When we plot the 2 lines, if we get a single line, then the two lines are
coincident lines.
We have the equation x + y = 30.
Multiplying both the sides by 5, we get 5x + 5y = 150.
Hence, x + y = 30 and 5x + 5y = 150 are coincident lines.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

5. For what value of k, will the following system of equations have infinitely
many solutions?
2x + 3y = 4, (k + 2)x + 6y = 3k + 2

 A. k=2

 B. k=3

 C. k=4

 D. k=5
Given: 2x + 3y = 4, (k + 2)x + 6y = 3k + 2

Condition for infinitely many solutions is

a1 b1 c1

a
= = c
2 b 2
2

a1 = 2,a2 = k + 2, b1 = 3,b2 = 6, c1 = 4c2 = 3k + 2

2 3 4
= =
k+2 6 3k+2

2 3
=
k+2 6

2 1
=
k+2 2

k + 2 = 4

k = 2

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

6. Determine the value of k for which the given system of equations has a
unique solution:
x − ky = 2, 3x + 2y = −5

A. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all

real values of k other than −
2

B. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all

real values of k other than
2

C. The given system of equations will have unique solution for all

real values of k other than
5

The given system of equations will have unique solution for all
D.

real values of k other than
2

Condition for the unique solution the condition is

a b
1 1
≠
a2 b2

1 −k
⇒ ≠
3 2

−2
⇒ k ≠
3

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

7. What is the solution of the pair of linear equations: 2x − 3y = 2, x + 2y = 8 ?

 A. x = 2 and y = 4

 B. x = 4 and y = 2

 C. x = 4 and y = 4

 D. x = 2 and y = 2

Given,
2x − 3y = 2 . . . (1)

x + 2y = 8 . . . (2)

From (2), we have,

x = 8 − 2y

Substituting this value of x in (1), we have,

2(8 − 2y) − 3y = 2

i.e., 16 − 4y − 3y = 2 ⟹ 7y = 14

⟹ y = 2

Now, x = 8 − 2y ⟹ x = 8 − 2(2) = 4
Thus, x = 4 and y = 2

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

8. The age of the father is twice the sum of the ages of his two children. After
20 years, his age will be equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find
the age of the father.

 A. 45 years

 B. 50 years

 C. 40 years

 D. 30 years
Let the father's age be x years and the sum of ages of 2 children be y years.
As per the question,
x=2y.....(1)
After 20 years,
x+20=y+20+20
⇒ x+20=y+40

⇒ x=y+20.....(2)

Equating (1) & (2),

y = 20
Substituting y = 20 in equation (1), we get
x = 40
Hence, the father's age is 40 years.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

9. What is the solution of the pair of linear equations x + y = 18 and x − 2y = 0

?

 A. x = 12 & y = 6

 B. x = 6 & y = 12

 C. x = 11 & y = 7

 D. x = 7 & y = 11

Given x + y = 18 − − − (i) and

x − 2y = 0 − − − (ii)

Here, we use substitution method to solve the given system of equations.

From (ii) we get x = 2y

Substitute the value of x in (i)

⟹ 2y + y = 18

⟹ 3y = 18

⟹ y = 6

Substitute the value of y in (i)

⟹ x + 6 = 18

x = 12

∴ x = 12 & y = 6

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

10.
What is the solution of the pair of linear equations 3x– 5y = 4, 9x = 2y + 7?

 A. x =
9
,y=
−5

13 13

 B. x =
13
,y=
−13

9 5

 C. x =
−9
,y=
−5

13 13

 D. x =
9
,y=
5

13 13

3x– 5y = 4 ......(1)

9x = 2y + 7

9x − 2y = 7 .....(2)

On multiplying equation (1) by 3, we get

9x– 15y = 12 .......(3)

On subtracting (2) from (3), we get

−13y = 5

−5
⇒ y =
13

On substituting the value of y in (2), we get

9x = 2y + 7

7+2y
⇒ x =
9

10
7−

=
13 81
⇒ x =
9 13×9

9
⇒ x =
13

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

11. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the value of 'k' for which both the balls collide.

 A. The balls will collide for all the real value of k except
15

 B. The balls will collide for all the real value of k except
2

15

 C. The balls will collide for all the values of k

 D. The ball will collide at k =

15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
For the balls to collide, the path of both the balls should intersect.
a b

a2
1
≠
b2
1
...Eq (i)
Given 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
Here, a 1 = 2, b1 = −5, c1 = −4

and a 2 = 3, b2 = −k, c2 = −6

From Eq (i),
2 −5
≠
3 −k
15
∴ k ≠
2

so, the balls will collide for all the real value of k except 15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

12. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the value of 'k' for which the path of the balls coincides.

 A. k=
−2

15

 B. k=
−15

 C. k=
2

15

 D. k=
15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
if the path of both the balls coincides.
a b c

a2
1
=
b2
1
=
c2
1
...Eq (i)
Given 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
Here, a 1 = 2, b1 = −5, c1 = −4

and a 2 = 3, b2 = −k, c2 = −6

From Eq (i), 2 −5 −4
= =
3 −k −6
15
∴ k =
2

so, the path of the balls will coincide for k =

15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

13. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the value of 'k' for which the path of the balls is parallel.

 A. k =
2

15

 B. k =
15

 C. It is not possible for the balls to have parallel path

 D. k =
−15

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
If the path of both the balls is parallel,
a b c

a2
1
=
b2
1
≠
c2
1
...Eq (i)
Given 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
Here, a 1 = 2, b1 = −5, c1 = −4

and a 2 = 3, b2 = −k, c2 = −6

From Eq (i), 2 −5 −4
= ≠
3 −k −6
−4 a1 c1
but we can see that (i.e. )
2
= a2
= c2
3 −6

so, it is not possible for the balls to have parallel path.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

14. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the nature of linear equations of the given paths. Provided k=7.

 A. Coinciding

 B. Parallel

 C. Intersecting

 D. Parallel or coinciding

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
Given 2x-5y=4, and 3x-7y=6
Here, a 1 = 2, b1 = −5, c1 = −4

and a 2 = 3, b2 = −7, c2 = −6

a1 2

a2
=
3

b1 −5
=
b −7
2

c −4
1

c
=
2 −6

a1 b
(i.e. )
2 −5 1
≠ a
≠
3 −7 2 b
2

so, the nature of the given linear equations is intersecting.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

15. The given figure shows the path of two balls.

If path followed by the blue ball and the red ball is 2x-5y=4, and 3x-ky=6
respectively.

Determine the point of intersection of the path of the balls. Provided k=7.

 A. (0,2)

 B. (2,2)

 C. (0,0)

 D. (2,0)

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
Given 2x-5y=4 ...eq(1)
and 3x-7y=6 ...eq(2)
4+5y
from eq(1), x= ...eq(3)
2

substituting eq(3) in eq(2)

4+5y
so, 3( ) - 7y = 6
2

∴ 12 +15y - 14y = 12

∴ y=0

putting the obtained value of y in eq(3)

4+0
x= = 2.
2

so the point of intersection is (2,0).

16. If 3x– 4y = 1 and 5x– 6y = 7, then x + y = ___.

 A. 16

 B. 20

 C. 18

 D. 19
Given,
3x– 4y = 1...(i)

5x– 6y = 7...(ii)

To make the coefficients of x equal, multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation

(2) by 3.

Equation(1) × 5 ⇒

15x– 20y = 5...(iii)

Equation(2) × 3 ⇒

15x– 18y = 21. . . (iv)

(iv) - (iii)
⇒ 2y = 21 − 5 = 16

⇒ y = 8

Substitute the value of y in (i) 3x − 4 × 8 = 1

3x = 33

⇒ x = 11

⇒ x + y = 11 + 8 = 19

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

17.
Six years hence, Rahul's age will be three times his son's age and three
years ago, he was nine times as old as his son. Rahul's present age is:

 A. 28 years

 B. 30 years

 C. 32 years

 D. 34 years

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I
Let Rahul's present age be x years and his son's age be y years.

Six years hence, Rahul's age = (x + 6) years

Son's age = (y + 6) years.

According to the question

x + 6 = 3(y + 6)

⇒ x + 6 = 3y + 18

⇒ x − 3y = 12 .....(i)

Now, three years ago, Rahul's age = (x − 3) years

Son's age = y − 3 years

According to the question

x − 3 = 9(y − 3)

⇒ x − 3 = 9y − 27

⇒ x − 9y = −24 ....(ii)

On subtracting (ii) from (i) we get

6y = 36 ⇒ y = 6.

On substituting the value of y in (i), we get

x − 18 = 12
⇒ x = 30 years

∴ Rahul's present age is 30 years.

For verification,

Presently Rahul's age is 30 years and his son's age is 6 years.

3 years back, Rahul was 27 years and son was 3 years old.
That is correct according to the given condition,
His age was 9 times more than his son's age.

6 years hence he will be 36 years and son will be 12 years old.

That is correct according to the given condition.
His age will be 3 times of his son's age.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

18.
54 is divided into two parts such that sum of 10 times the first part and 22
times the second part is 780. What is the bigger part?

 A. 34

 B. 32

 C. 30

 D. 24

Let the 2 parts of 54 be x and y

x+y = 54 ....(i)

and 10x + 22y = 780 ...(ii)

Multiply (i) by 10 , we get

10 x + 10 y = 540 ...(iii)

Subtracting (ii) from (iii)

- 12y = - 240

y = 20

Subsituting y = 20 in x + y = 54 ,
⟹ x + 20 = 54

⟹ x = 34

Hence, x = 34 and y = 20

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

19.
Find the value of k for which each of the following systems of equations has
no solution:
kx + 3y = 3, 12x + ky = 6.

 A. k=6

 B. k = -6

 C. k = -3

 D. k=3
Equations are written as

kx + 3y – 3 = 0 .....(1)

12x + ky – 6 = 0 ....... (2)

a1 = k, b1 = 3, c1 = −3

a2 = 12, b2 = k, c2 = −6

for no solution we must have:

a1 b c1
1

a
= ≠ c
2 b 2
2

Now,
k 3 −3
= ≠
12 k −6

k 3
=
12 k

and
3 1
≠
k 2

2
k = 36, k ≠ 6

Hence, k = -6

Hence, the given system of equations is has no solution if k =-6.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Practice Questions - Term I

20. 5 chairs and 4 tables together cost Rs.5600,while 4 chairs and 3

tables together cost Rs.4340.Find the cost of a chair and that of a table
respectively.

 A. 700, 560

 B. 700, 700

 C. 560, 560

 D. 560,700
Let the price of one chair is x and the price of one table is y

According to question

5x+4y = 5600 ---(1)

4x+3y = 4340 ---(2)

4×(1)

20x+16y = 22400 ---(3)

5 ×(2)

20x+15y = 21700 ---(4)

(3) - (4)

y = 700

put y in (1)

5x+4(700) = 5600

5x = 5600 - 2800 = 2800

x = 560

So the price of one chair is 560 and the price of one table is 700

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