TEMPERATURE

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) State

(i) what may be deduced from the difference in the temperatures of two objects,

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the basic principle by which temperature is measured.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) By reference to your answer in (a)(ii), explain why two thermometers may not give the same
temperature reading for an object.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) A block of aluminium of mass 670 g is heated at a constant rate of 95 W for 6.0 minutes.
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 910 J kg−1 K−1.
The initial temperature of the block is 24 °C.

(i) Assuming that no thermal energy is lost to the surroundings, show that the final
temperature of the block is 80 °C.

[3]

© UCLES 2017 9702/41/O/N/17

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(ii) In practice, there are energy losses to the surroundings.

The actual variation with time t of the temperature θ of the block is shown in Fig. 1.1.

100

80

θ / °C

60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t / minutes

Fig. 1.1

1. Use the information in (i) to draw, on Fig. 1.1, a line to represent the temperature of
the block, assuming no energy losses to the surroundings. [1]

2. Using Fig. 1.1, calculate the total energy loss to the surroundings during the heating
process.

energy loss = ...................................................... J [2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2017 9702/41/O/N/17 [Turn over

 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
LGS, BLL, ALJT, ALBT, TCS Ravi,
TEMPERATURE TCS ALCG, TMS, SALT Academy
[email protected]

Q. 1

{Q.3/ June 2016 /42 variant}

2.
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
LGS, BLL, ALJT, ALBT, TCS Ravi,
TEMPERATURE TCS ALCG, TMS, SALT Academy
[email protected]

{Q.2/ Nov. 2011 /43 variant}

3.
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
LGS, BLL, ALJT, ALBT, TCS Ravi,
TEMPERATURE TCS ALCG, TMS, SALT Academy
[email protected]

(b) [4 marks question from Thermal properties of materials]

{Q.3/ June 2010 /42& 43 variant}

4. The e.m.f. generated in a thermocouple thermometer may be used for the measurement of
temperature. Fig.4.1 shows the variation with temperature T of the e.m.f. E.

Fig. 4.1
(a) By reference to Fig. 4.1, state two disadvantages of using this thermocouple when the e.m.f.
is about 1.0mV.

1...................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

2...................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) An alternative to the thermocouple thermometer is the resistance thermometer.

State two advantages that a thermocouple thermometer has over a resistance thermometer.

1. .....................................................................................................................................................

.................…………………………..............................................................................................

2. .....................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................[2]

Note: Resistance Thermometer is excluded from June 2016. {Q.7/ Nov 2004 / 9702-4}
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
LGS, BLL, ALJT, ALBT, TCS Ravi,

TEMPERATURE TCS ALCG, TMS, SALT Academy

[email protected]
Q. 5 The electrical resistance of a thermistor is to be used to measure temperatures in the range
12 °C to 24 °C. Fig. 5.1 shows the variation with temperature, measured in degrees Celsius,
of the resistance of the thermistor.

Fig. 5.1

(a) State and explain the feature of Fig. 5.1 which shows that the thermometer has a sensitivity
that varies with temperature.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) At one particular temperature, the resistance of the thermistor is 2040 ± 20Ω.
Determine this temperature, in kelvin, to an appropriate number of decimal places.

temperature = ……………………… K [3]

 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
LGS, BLL, ALJT, ALBT, TCS Ravi,

TEMPERATURE TCS ALCG, TMS, SALT Academy

[email protected]

Marking Keys:

Q.1 {Ref: Q.3/ June 2016 /42 variant}

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Q. 2 {Ref:Q.2/ Nov. 2011 /43 variant}

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Q. 3 {Ref: Q.3/ June 2010 /42& 43 variant}

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Q. 4 {Ref:Q.7/ Nov 2004 / 9702-4}
(a) variation is non-linear 1
two possible temperatures 1 [2]

(b) e.g. 1. small thermal capacity/measure ∆θ of small object /short response time
2. readings taken at a point/physically small
3. can be used to measure temperature difference
4. no power supply required
etc. (any two, 1 mark each) 2 [2]
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Q.5 (a) gradient of graph is (a measure of) the sensitivity
the gradient varies with temperature [2]

(b) 2040 ± 20 Ω corresponds to 15.0 ± 0.2 °C

T / K = T / °C + 273.15 (allow 273.2)
temperature is 288.2 K [3]
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2 (a) Define specific latent heat of fusion. For

Examiner’s
.......................................................................................................................................... Use

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Some crushed ice at 0 °C is placed in a funnel together with an electric heater, as shown
in Fig. 2.1.

joule-
supply
meter

crushed ice

heater
funnel
×××

beaker

Fig. 2.1

The mass of water collected in the beaker in a measured interval of time is determined
with the heater switched off. The mass is then found with the heater switched on. The
energy supplied to the heater is also measured.
For both measurements of the mass, water is not collected until melting occurs at a
constant rate.
The data shown in Fig. 2.2 are obtained.

mass of water energy supplied time interval

/g to heater / J / min

heater switched off 16.6 0 10.0

heater switched on 64.7 18000 5.0

Fig. 2.2

(i) State why the mass of water is determined with the heater switched off.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2008 9702/04/O/N/08

 7

(ii) Suggest how it can be determined that the ice is melting at a constant rate. For
Examiner’s
.................................................................................................................................. Use

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Calculate a value for the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.

latent heat = ..................................... kJ kg–1 [3]

© UCLES 2008 9702/04/O/N/08 [Turn over

 6 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 (a) On Fig. 2.1, place a tick (✓) against those changes where the internal energy of the
body is increasing. [2]

water freezing at constant temperature ..........................................

a stone falling under gravity in a vacuum ..........................................

water evaporating at constant temperature ..........................................

stretching a wire at constant temperature ..........................................

Fig. 2.1

(b) A jeweller wishes to harden a sample of pure gold by mixing it with some silver so that
the mixture contains 5.0% silver by weight. The jeweller melts some pure gold and then
adds the correct weight of silver. The initial temperature of the silver is 27 °C. Use the
data of Fig. 2.2 to calculate the initial temperature of the pure gold so that the final
mixture is at the melting point of pure gold.

gold silver
melting point / K 1340 1240
specific heat capacity
(solid or liquid) / J kg–1 K–1 129 235
specific latent heat of
fusion / kJ kg–1 628 105

Fig. 2.2

temperature = ………………………………… K [5]

9702/4/M/J03
 7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Suggest a suitable thermometer for the measurement of the initial temperature of the
gold in (b).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

9702/4/M/J03 [Turn over