Unit Topic Word Word Type Meaning

beat v to defeat someone in a game, competition, election, or battle

board game n phr any game in which you move objects around on a special board
captain n phr the person who is in charge of a team or organization
challenge v to invite someone to compete or fight
challenge n something that needs a lot of skill, energy, and determination to deal
champion n someone who has won an important competition, especially in sport
cheat v to behave dishonestly, or to not obey rules
classical music n phr serious music that is played on instruments such as the piano and the
club n an organization for people who take part in a particular activity, or th
coach n someone who trains a sports player or team
competition n an organized event in which people try to win prizes by being better
concert n an event at which an orchestra, band, or musician plays or sings in fr
defeat v to win against someone
defeat n failure to win a competition or to succeed in doing something
entertaining adj enjoyable or interesting
folk music n phr traditional music from a particular country or region, or music playe
group n a small set of musicians who play pop music
gym n a room or club with equipment for doing physical exercises
have fun v phr get enjoyment from an activity that is not important or serious
interest v to make someone want to know about or take part in something
interest n an activity that you enjoy doing when you are not working
member n someone who belongs to a group or an organization: a trade union m
opponent n someone who is competing against you
organise v to prepare or arrange an activity or event
pleasure n a feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction
referee n someone whose job is to make sure that players in a game obey the r
rhythm n a regular pattern of sounds in music
risk v the possibility that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen
Fun and risk n to do something although you know that something that is bad could
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Games score v to get a point in a game or sport
score n the number of points that someone gains in a game or test
support v to like a particular sports team and always want them to win
support n help that you give to a particular idea, organization, etc.
team n a group of people who play a sport or game against another group
train v to practice a sport regularly before a match or competition
video game n phr a game in which players use electronic controls to move images on a
fullfilment n the feeling of being happy and satisfied with what you are doing or h
participate v atoparticular
take part in oror
part become
featureinvolved in an activity
of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a w
aspect n considered
resist v to stop yourself from having something you like or doing something
creativity n the use of skill and imagination to produce something new ỏ to produ
desire v to want something; to wish for something
 desire n a strong wished to have or do something
leisure n time when you are not working or studying; free time
recreational adj connected with activities that people do for pleasure when they are n
insight v an understanding of what something is like
pressure n difficulties and worries that are caused by the need to achieve or to b
risk-taker n someone who often takes risks
relegate v to move a sports team from playing with one group of teams to playi
pastime n asomething
particularthat
partyou enjoy doing
or feature when youanare
of a situation, notaworking
idea, problem, etc.; a w
amuse v considered
interact v to
thecommunicate
act of makingwith
partssomebody, especially
of something, groupswhile you work,
of people, play or
etc. work tog
coordination n organized way
commitment n the desire to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an
potential adj that can develop into something or be developed in the future
tackle v to
an make
act ofatrying
determined
to takeeffort to deal
the ball fromwith a difficultinproblem
an opponent football or situat
(soccer)
tackle n knocking somebody to the ground, for example in rugby or America
substitute n a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normall
achieve v to succeed in doing something
brain n the organ inside your head that allows you to think and feel, and con
clever adj good at learning or understanding things
concentrate v to give all your attention to the thing that you are doing
consider v to think about something carefully before you make a decision
course n a series of lessons in an academic subject or a practical skill
degree n a course of study at a university, or the qualification that you get afte
experience v if you experience a problem or situation, you have that problem or ar
experience n knowledge and skill that you get by doing a particular job or activity
expert n someone who has a particular skill or knows a lot about a particular s
expert adj having special skills in or knowledge about something
fail v to be unsuccessful in something
guess v to say or decide what you think is true, without being certain about it
guess n an attempt to give an answer or an opinion when you cannot be certa
hesitate v to pause before doing something because you are nervous or not cert
instruction n a statement of something that must be done, or an explanation of how
make progress v phr to develop or improve
make sure v phr to check something, so that you can be sure about it
mark v to judge the quality of a student’s work and write a mark on it
mark n a score or grade that you are given for school work or for how you p
mental adj existing in the mind, or relating to the mind
pass v to be successful in an examination or test
qualification n something such as a degree or a diploma that you get when you succ
remind v to help someone to remember something
report n a spoken or written description of a particular subject, situation, or e
revise v to study your notes and information again in order to prepare for an e
Learning search v to try to find something or someone by looking carefully
6
and doing
 Learning
6
and doing
search n an attempt to find something
skill n the ability to so something well, usually as a result of experience and
smart adj intelligent
subject n something that you learn or teach at a school, for example English, m
take an exam v phr to have an important test
talented adj very good at something
term n one of the periods of time that the year is divided into for students
wonder v to think about something because you want to know more facts
assignment n a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part
controversial adj causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
dissertation n a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written
illiterate v (of a person) not knowing how to read or write
research v to study something carefully and try to discover new facts about it
theory n aa formal set of
long piece of ideas
writingthat is intended
completed byto explain as
a student why something
part happe
of a university
thesis n research
academic adj connected
meeting thewith education,
necessary especially or
qualifications studying in schools
conditions and universf
to be considered
eligible adj learning
(of or doing
a school or partopportunity
of a school) for children over the age of 11 or 13
senior adj in high school or college
(of a school or part of a school) for children under the age of 11 or 1
junior adj before the last year in a high school or college
self-esteem n a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities
studious adj spending a lot of time studying or reading
scholarship n an examine
to amount ofthemoney
naturegiven to somebody
or structure by an organization
of something, especially byto separa
help p
analyze v understand or explain it
conduct v to organize and/or do a particular activity
struggle v to have a hard time with something or to work really hard to overcom
self-awareness n understanding your own learning style, strengths, and weaknesses
prospect n thebecome
to potential
anorexpert
likelihood of future area
in a particular success or opportunities
of work, study or business; t
specialize v of work, etc. than on others
abroad adv in or to a foreign country
accommodation n a place for someone to stay, live, or work in
book v to arrange to have or use something at a particular time in the future
break n a period of time when you are not working and can rest or enjoy you
cancel v to say that something that has been arranged will not now happen
catch n to get on a train, bus, plane, or boat that is travelling somewhere
coach n a comfortable bus for long journeys
convenient adj easy for you to do, or suitable for your needs
crash v if a vehicle crashes, or if someone crashes it, it hits something
crash n an accident that happens when a vehicle hits something
crowded adj containing a lot of people or things
cruise n a journey on a ship for pleasure, often visiting a series of places
delay v to do something later than is planned or expected
delay n a situation in which something happens later or more slowly than yo
destination n the place where someone or something is going
ferry n a boat that makes short regular journeys between two or more places
flight n a journey in a plane
foreign adj from another country, or in another country
harbour n an area of water next to the land where boats can stop
 journey n an occasion when you travel from one place to another, especially ov
luggage n bags and suitcases that you take on a journey
nearby adj a nearby place is not far away
nearby adv not far from where you are
pack v to put your things into a bag, case, or box so that you can take or sen
passport n an official document that contains your photograph and shows which
Coming platform n an area next to a railway track where passengers get onto and off trai
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and going public transport n phr the system that is used for travelling or for moving goods from one p
reach v to arrive somewhere
resort n a place where people go for a holiday
souvenir n something that you buy to remind you of a place that you visited on
traffic n the vehicles that are travelling in an area at a particular time
trip n aanmachine
occasionthat
when
youyou go somewhere
travel and come
in or on, especially oneback
withagain
an engine that
vehicle n a car.
pedestrian n a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle
picturesque adj pretty, especially in a way that looks old-fashioned
accelerate v to happen faster or earlier; to make something happen faster or earlie
restriction n a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen
congestion n the state of being crowded and full of traffic
massive adj extremely large or serious
flourish v to develop quickly and become successful or common
passenger n a person who is travelling in a car, bus, train, plane or ship who is no
bend v atoplace
change direction
where two ortomore
formroads
a curve or anforming
meet, angle; to make that
a circle something
all traffc
roundabout n direction
crossroads n a place where two roads meet and cross each other
overtake v to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are
community n all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked
itinerary n a plan
to blockofaaroad,
journey, includinga the
an entrance, route and
passage, etc. the places
so that that you somet
somebody/ visit
obstruct v past, etc.
adventurous adj willing to take risks and try new ideas; enjoying being in new, exciti
cosmopolitan adj containing people of different types or form different countries, and
mountainous adj having many mountains
coastal adj of or near a coast
apologise v to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong
boyfriend n a man or boy that you are having a romantic relationship with
close adj connected by shared feelings such as love and respect
confident adj certain about your abilities and not nervous of frightened
cool adj a cool person is one that you like or admire, or is very fashionable
couple n two people who are married to each other, or who have a romantic re
decorate v to put new paint or paper on the walls of a room
defend v to say things to support someone or something
divorced adj no longer married because your marriage has been legally ended
flat n a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building
generous adj giving people more of your time or money than is usual or expected
girlfriend n a girl or woman that you are having a romantic relationship with
grateful adj the feeling that you want to thank someone because they have given
guest n someone that you have invited to your home or your party
independent adj not depending on other people
introduce v to tell someone another person’s name when they meet for the first ti
loving adj feeling or showing love
 loyal adj someone who is loyal continues to support a person or organisation,
mood n the way that someone is feeling, or the way that a group of people is
neighbourhood n a particular area of a town
ordinary adj normal or average, and not unusual or special
patient adj someone who is patient is able to wait for a long time or deal with a
private adj a private person does not talk to other people about their personal lif
recognise v to know who somebody is or what something is when you see or hea
relation n a member of your family
rent v to pay money regularly to use a house, room, office, etc. that belongs
Friends rent n an amount of money that you pay regularly for using a house, room,
12 and
respect v to treat someone in a way that shows that you think they are importa
relations
respect n the attitude that someone is important and should be admired, and th
single adj not married, or not in a romantic relationship
stranger n someone who you do not know
trust v to believe that someone or something is good, honest, or reliable
trust n a feeling that you trust someone or something
adolescene n the time in a person’s life when they develop from a child into an ad
bond v to develop or create a relationship of trust with somebody
bond n something that forms a connection between people or groups, such a
instinct n a natural quality that makes people and animals tend to behave in a p
resemblance n the fact of being or looking similar to
temperament n a person’s or an animal’s nature as shown in the way they behave or
upbringing n the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while
rivalry n a state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the sa
parental adj connected with a parent or parents
maternal adj having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child
adopt v to take somebody else’s child into your family and become its legal p
endure v to continue to support or stay with someone through difficult times o
inherit v to receive money, property, etc. from somebody when they die
nurture v to care for and protect somebody/something while they are growing
socialize v to care for and protect somebody/something while they are growing
acquaintance n a person that you know but who is not a close friend
partnership n a relationship between two people, organizations, etc.; the state of ha
generation n all the people who were born at about the same time
descendant n a person’s descendants are their children, their children’s children, an
sociable adj enjoying spending time with other people
company n the presence or companionship of others, often implying social intera
advertisement n an announcement in newspaper, on television, on the internet, etc tha
afford v to have enough money to pay for something
bargain n something you buy that costs much less than normal
brand n a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by
catalogue n a book that contains pictures of things that you can buy
change n coins rather than notes
coin n a flat round piece of metal used as money
cost v if something costs an amount of money, you need that amount to pay
cost n the amount of money that you need in order to buy something or to d
customer n a person or company that buys goods or services
debt n an amount of money that you owe
demand v to say strongly that you want something
export v to send a product to another country so that it can be sold there
 fee n money that you pay to a professional person or institution for their w
fortune n a large amount of money
import v to buy a product from another country and bring it to your country
invest v to use your money with the aim of making a profit from it
obtain v to get something that you want or need
owe v to have to give someone a particular amount of money because you h
own v to legally have something, especially because you have bought it
profit n money that you get when you sell something for a price that is highe
property n the things that you own
purchase v to buy something
purchase n something that you buy
receipt n a document that you get from someone showing that you have given
require v to need someone or something
Buying sale n an event or period of time during which a shop reduces the prices of
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and selling save v to regularly put money in a bank, or to invest it so that you can use it
select v to choose someone or something from a group
supply v to provide someone or something with something that they need or w
supply n an amount of quantity of something that is available to use
variety n an amount of quantity of something that is available to use
waste v to use more of something than is necessary, or to use it in a way that
waste n the failure to use something that is valuable or useful in an effective
affluent adj having a lot of money and a good standard of living
allocate v to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular
consume v to use something, especially fuel, energy or time
commerce n trade, especially between countries; the buying and selling of goods
downmarket adj cheap and of poor quality
delivery adj the act of taking goods, letters, etc. to the people they have been sent
economy n the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money i
haggle v to argue with somebody in order to reach an agreement, especially ab
inflation n a fall in the value of money and a general increase in prices; the rate
label n a piece of paper, etc. that is attached to something and that gives info
negotiate v to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
pricey adj expensive
retail n the selling of goods to the public, usually through shop
refund v a sum of money that is paid back to you, especially because you paid
revenue n the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organiza
self-service adj a self-service shop, restaurant, etc. is one in which customers serve t
stall n a table or small shop with an open front that people sell things from,
transaction n a piece of business that is done between people, especially an act of
upmarket adj designed for or used by people who belong to a high social class or h
wholesale n the price at which goods are sold to shops by the people who produc
artificial adj not natural or real, but made by people
automatic adj an automatic machine can work by itself without being operated by p
complicated adj difficult to do, deal with, or understand
decrease v to become less
decrease n the amount by which something is less
digital adj storing information such as sound or pictures as numbers or electron
discover v to find something that was hidden or that no one knew about before
effect n a change that is produced in one person or thing by another
equipment n the tools, machines, or other things that you need for a particular job
 estimate v to guess or calculate an amount or value by using available informati
exact adj done, made, or described with all the details correct
experiment v to perform scientific tests in order to find out what happens to someo
experiment n a scientific test to find out what happens to someone or something in
gadget n a small tool or piece of equipment that does something that is useful
hardware n computer equipment
invent v computer equipment
involve v to include something as part of an activity, event, or situation
laboratory n a building or large room where people do scientific research
lack v to not have something, or to not have enough of something
lack n a situation in which you do not have something, or do not have enou
laptop n a small computer that you can carry with you
maximum adj the largest in amount, size, or number that is allowed or possible
minimum adj the smallest in amount, size, or number that is allowed or possible
operate v if equipment operates, or if you operate it, you use or control it and i
plastic n a very common light, strong substance that is produced by a chemica
plastic adj made of plastic
Inventions program v to make a computer or other piece of equipment do something
18 and program n a series of instructions that makes a computer do something
discoveries research n the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts
run v if you run a computer programm or if it runs, you start it or use it
screen n the flat surface on a computer, television, or piece of electronic equip
software n the programs used by computers for doing particular jobs
sudden adj happening very quickly and without any sign that it is going to happe
technology n advanced scientific knowledge that is used for practical purposes
unique adj not the same as anything or anyone else
access v the ability to approach, enter, or use something
bacteria n the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbe
breakthrough adj an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievem
compact adj smaller than is usual for things of the same kind
cutting-edge adj at the newest, most advanced stage in the development of something
envisage v to imagine what will happen in the future
explore v to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it
faulty adj not perfect; not working or made correctly
function n a part of a program, etc. that performs a basic operation
innovate v to introduce new things, ideas or ways of doing something
install v to put a new program onto a computer
monitor n a screen that shows information from a computer; a television screen
observe v to watch somebody/something carefully, especially to learn more abo
patent n an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product o
portable adj that is easy to carry or to move
predict v to say that something will happen in the future
speculate v to form an opinion about something without knowing all the details o
uncover v to discover something that was previously hidden or secret
virtual adj made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example
wireless adj not using wires
accent n a way of pronouncing words that shows what country, region, or soc
announcement n a public statement that gives people information about something
broadcast v to send out messages or programs to be received by radios or televisi
broadcast n a program that is broadcast
 channel n a television station and the programs that it broadcasts
clear adj easy to understand
click v to make a computer do something by pressing a button on the mouse
contact v to communicate with someone by phone, e-mail, letter, etc.
contact n communication between people, countries, or organizations
file n a set of information that is stored on a computer and that is given a p
formal adj suitable for serious situations or occasions
image n a picture, especially one in a mirror or on computer, television, or cin
informal adj suitable for relaxed friendly situations
Internet n a computer system that allows people in different parts of the world
interrupt v to say or to do something that stops someone when they are speaking
link v if people, things, or events are linked, they are related to each other i
link n a connection between two or more people, places, facts, or events
media n radio, television, newspapers, the Internet and magazines, considered
mobile phone n a small phone that you can carry around with you
online adj connected to or available through the Internet
online adv connected to the Internet
pause v to stop moving or doing something for a short time before starting ag
pause n a short time when someone stops moving or doing something before
persuade v to make someone agree to do something by giving them reasons why
pronounce v to say the sounds of words
publish v to produce many copies of a book, magazine, or newspaper for peop
report v to provide information about something, especially to people in auth
Sending report n a spoken or written description of a particular subject, situation, or e
21 and request v to ask for something, or to ask someone to do something, in a polite
receiving request n an act of asking for something in a polite or formal way
ring v to call someone on the telephone
signal n a movement or sound that is made by someone and has a special mea
swear v to use words that are deliberately offensive, for example because you
type v a group of people or things with similar qualities that make them diff
viewer n a group of people or things with similar qualities that make them diff
website n a place on the Internet where information is available about a particu
whisper v to speak very quietly to someone, so that other people cannot hear yo
whisper n a very quiet way of saying something to someone so that other peopl
accurate adj correct and true in every detail
abbreviation n a short form of a word, etc.
attachment n a document that you send to somebody using email
approve v to officially agree to a plan, request, etc.
communication n methods of sending information, especially phones, radio, computers
concept n an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract
conjecture n an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is form
clarify v to make something clearer or easier to understand
comprehend v to understand something fully
concise adj giving only the information that is necessary and important, using fe
confidential adj meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people
dialect n the form of a language that is spoken in one area with grammar, wor
express v to show or make known a feeling, an opinion, etc. by words, looks o
emotion n a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person’s cha
hesitate v to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervous
language n the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by p
 publicise v to make something known to the public; to advertise something
response n a spoken or written answer
specify v to state something, especially by giving an exact measurement, time,
admit v to say that you have done something wrong
arrest v if the police arrest someone, they take that person to a police station
charity n an organisation that gives money and help to people who need it; mo
commit v to do something that is illegal
community n the people who live in an area
court n a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided
criminal n someone who has committed a crime
criminal adj relating to illegal acts
culture n a society that has its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of behaving
familiar adj well known to you, or easily recognized by you
government n the people who control a country or area and make decisions about it
habit n something that you do often
identity card n phr an official document that shows who are you
illegal adj not allowed by the law
politics n the ideas and activities that are involved in getting power in an area o
population n the number of people who live in a particular area
prison n an institution where people are kept as a punishment for committing
protest v to show publicly that you oppose something
protest n an occasion when people show strong public opposition to something
resident n someone who lives in a particular place
responsible adj if you are responsible for something that has happened, you can caus
rob v to take money or property from someone illegally
routine n your usual way of doing things
routine adj ordinary and not interesting or special
schedule n a plan of activities or events and when they will happen
situation n the set of conditions that exist at a particular time in a particular plac
People and social adj relating to society and to people’s lives in general
24
daily life society n people in general living together in organized communities, with law
steal v to take something that belongs to someone else without permission
tradition n a very old custom, belief, or story
typical adj like most things of the same type
vote v to decide something, or to choose a representative or winner, by offic
vote n an official choice you make between two or more issues, people, etc,
youth club n phr a place where young people can go to meet and take part in activities
abolish v to officially end a law, a system or an institution
bully v a person who uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker
convict v to decide and state officially in court that somebody is guilty of a cri
deterrent n something that makes somebody less likely to do something
enforce v to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule
fraud n the crime of cheating somebody in order to get money or goods illeg
guilty adj feeling ashamed because you have done something that you know is
inequality n the unfair difference between groups of people in society, when som
intentional adj done deliberately
innocent adj not guilty of a crime, etc.; not having done something wrong
issue n an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about
offence n an illegal act
pleasure n a state of feeling or being happy or satisfied
 prevent v to stop somebody from doing something; to stop something from hap
punish v to make somebody suffer because they have broken the law or done
resent v to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel i
respect v a strong feeling of approval of somebody/something because of their
strict adj that must be obeyed exactly
victim n a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a cr
violate v to go against or refuse to obey a law, an agreement, etc.
ambition n something that you very much want to achieve
application n a formal request to do something or have something, for example a j
bank account n phr an arrangement with a bank that allows you to keep your money ther
boss n the person who is in charge of you at work
career n a job or profession that you work at for some time
colleague n someone who works in the same organization or department as you
company n an organization that sells services or goods
contract n a written legal agreement between two people or organizations
department n a section in a government, organization, or business that deals with a
deserve v if you deserve something, it is right that you get it, because of the wa
earn v to receive money for work that you do
fame n the state of being famous
goal n the action of putting a ball into a goal in a game such as football
impress v if someone or something impresses you, you admire them
income n money that someone gets from working or from investing money
industry n all the businesses involved in producing a particular type of goods or
interview v to ask someone, especially someone famous, questions about themse
interview n a meeting in which someone asks another person, especially a famou
leader n someone who is in charge of a group, organization, or country
manager n someone whose job is to organize and control the work of a business
pension n an amount of money that someone receives regularly when they no l
poverty n a situation in which someone does not have enough money to pay fo
pressure n attempts to persuade or force someone to do something
previous adj a previous event, period, or thing happened or existed before the one
profession n a job that you need special skills and qualifications to do
Working retire v to leave your job and stop working, especially because you have reac
27 and
salary n a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year from you
earning
staff n the people who work for a particular company, organization, or insti
strike n a period of time during which people refuse to work, as a protest
tax v to make someone pay money to the government
tax n an amount of money that you have to pay to the government
wealthy adj rich
anticipate v to expect something
apprentice n a young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time
candidate n a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job
client n a person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or
credibility n the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe o
endorse v to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product
goods n things that are produced to be sold
initiative n a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a p
labour n work, especially physical work
niche n work, especially physical work
overtime n time that you spend working at your job after you have worked the n
 perk n something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular jo
productive adj doing or achieving a lot
role n the function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in
redundant adj (of a person) without a job because there is no more work available f
recruit v to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed for
retain v to keep something; to continue to have something
skilled adj having enough ability, experience and knowledge to be able to do so
suffer v to experience something unpleasant, such as injury, defeat or loss
undertake v to make yourself responsible for something and start doing it
affect v to change or influence something, often of the election
balance v to create or preserve a good or correct balance between different feat
balance n a situation in which different aspects or features are treated equally o
benefit v to get an advantage, or to give someone an advantage
benefit n an advantage that you get from a situation
breathe v to take air into your lungs through your nose or mouth and let it out a
chew v to use your teeth to bite food in your mouth into small pieces
chop v to cut something such as food or wood into pieces
contain v to have something inside
cough v to force air up through your throat with a sudden noise, especially wh
cough n the action of coughing, or the sound that you make when you cough;
cure v to stop someone from being affected by an illness
cure n a medicine or treatment that makes someone who is ill become healt
exercise v to do a physical activity in order to stay healthy and to make your bo
exercise n physical activity that you do in order to stay healthy and to make you
flu n a very common infectious disease that lasts for a short time and mak
have an operation v phr the process of cutting into someone’s body for medical reasons
healthy adj physically strong and not ill
ignore v to not consider something, or to not let it influence you
infection n a disease that is caused by bacteria or by a virus
ingredient n one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal
injury n physical harm
limit v to prevent a number, amount or effect from increasing past a particul
limit n the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed
meal n an occasion when you eat, such as breakfast or lunch, or the food tha
pill n a small piece of solid medicine that you swallow with water
recover v to become fit and healthy again after an illness or injury
salty adj containing salt, or tasting like salt
Body and slice v to cut something into flat pieces
30
lifestyle slice n a flat piece of food that has been cut from something larger
sour adj with a taste like a lemon
spicy adj with a strong hot flavour
stir v to move food or a liquid around using a spoon or other object
suffer v to feel pain in your body or your mind; to have a particular illness or
taste v to have a particular flavour; to eat or drink something and experience
taste n the flavour that something creates in your mouth when you eat or dri
treatment n the process of providing medical care, or a particular type of medica
vitamin n a natural substance in food that is necessary to keep your body health
anxiety n the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to
asset n a person or thing that is valuable or useful to somebody/something
diagnosis n the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a
 inhale v to take air, smoke, gas, etc. into your lungs as you breathe
exhale v to breathe out the air or smoke, etc. in your lungs
nutrient n a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it t
bleed v to lose blood, especially from a wound or an injury
acute adj very serious or severe
moderate adj that is neither very good, large, hot, etc. nor very bad, small, cold, et
persistent adj continuing for a long period of time, or repeated frequently, especial
vital adj necessary or essential for something to succeed or exist; or (of a pers
harm v to hurt or injure somebody or to damage something
chronic adj (of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure
curb v to control or limit something, especially something bad
stimulate v (specialist) to make a part of the body function
trigger v a specific factor or condition that causes or exacerbates a health issue
sedentary adj (of work, activities, etc.) in which you spend a lot of time sitting dow
aid v to help somebody/something to do something, especially by making
symptom n a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy
exposure n the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection
ancient adj very old
checked adj printed or woven in a pattern of squares
cotton n cloth made from the white fibers of a plant called a cotton plant
create v to make something new exist or happen
design v to decide how something will be made, how it will work, or what it w
design n the way that something is made so that it works and looks a certain w
fix v to repair something
fold v to bend a piece of paper or cloth and press one part of it over another
gallery n a public building where you can look at paintings and other works o
improvement n the state of being better than before, or the process of making someth
loose adj loose clothes are large and do not fit your body tightly
maintain v to make regular repairs to something, so that it stays in good conditio
match v if one thing matches another, or they match, they form an attractive c
material n cloth
notice v to become conscious of someone or something by seeing, hearing, or
notice n a written sign or announcement that gives information or that warns
pattern n a set of lines, shapes, or colors that are repeated regularly
pile n a number of things that are put on top of each other in an untidy way
practical adj involving, or relating to, real situations rather than theories or ideas a
rough adj with a surface that is not smooth
shape n the form of something
silk n a thin smooth cloth made from the fibers produced by insects called
sleeve n the part of a piece of clothing that covers your arm
smooth adj completely even with no rough areas
stretch v if you stretch something, or if it stretches, it becomes longer or wide
striped adj with a pattern of colored lines
Creating style n the way that something is made or done that is typical of a particular
33 and
suit v if a style or something you wear suits you, it makes you look good
building
suit n a set of clothes made from the same cloth, usually a jacket with trous
suitable adj right for a particular purpose, person, or situation
tear v to pull something so that it separates into pieces or gets a hole in it, o
tear n a hole in something where it has been torn
tight adj fitting closely around your body or part of your body
 tool n a piece of equipment that you hold to do a particular type of work
excavate v to make a hole, etc. in the ground by digging
decade n a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910–1
consecutive adj following one after another in a continuous series
immanent adj present as a natural part of something; present everywhere
historical adj connected with the past
erode v to gradually destroy the surface of something through the action of w
span v to stretch right across something, from one side to the other
shelter n a structure built to give protection, especially from the weather or fro
premise n the building and land near to it that a business owns or uses
surround v to be all around something/somebody
internal adj connected with the inside of something
external adj connected with or located on the outside of
consist v to be formed from the people or things mentioned
demolish v to pull or knock down a building; to destroy something
remove v to take somebody/something away from a place
frame n the supporting structure of a piece of furniture, a building, a vehicle,
airy adj with plenty of fresh air because there is a lot of space
adjacent adj next to something
assemble v to fit together all the separate parts of something, for example a piec
functional adj practical and useful; with little or no decoration
amazing adj very good, surprising, or impressive
climate n the climate of a country or region is the type of weather it has
countryside n areas away from towns and cities, with farms, fields and trees
environment n the natural world, including the land, water, air, plants and animals
extinct adj if something such as a type of a type of animal or plant
forecast v to make a statement about what is likely to happen, often relating to
forecast n a statement about what is likely to happen, often relating to the weat
freezing adj very cold; the temperature at which water freezes and becomes ice
global adj including or affecting the whole world
heatwave n a continuous period of very hot weather
insect n a small animal that has six legs and often has wings
lightning n the bright flashes of light that you see in the sky during a storm
litter v to drop litter
litter n things that people have dropped on the ground in a public place, mak
local adj in or related to a particular area, especially the place where you live
locate v to find out the exact place where someone or something is; be locate
mammal n an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and d
mild adj mild weather is warm and pleasant
name v to know and say what the name of someone or something is; to give
name n a word or set of words used for referring to a person or thing
origin n the place or moment at which something begins to exist
planet n a very large round object that moves around the Sun or around anoth
preserve v to take care of something in order to prevent it from being harmed or
recycle v to treat waste materials so that they can be used again
reptile n a type of animal such as snake or lizard that lay eggs, and whose bod
rescue v to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation
Nature rescue n an act of saving someone or something from danger or from an unple
36 and the
satellite n an object that is sent into space to travel round the Earth in order to r
universe
shower n a short period when it rains
 Nature
36 and the
universe
solar system n phr the sun and the group of planets that move around it
species n a plant or animal group whose members all have similar general feat
thunder n the loud noise that you sometimes hear in the sky during a storm
wild adj a wild animal or plant lives or grows on its own in natural conditions
wildlife n animals, birds and plants that live in natural conditions
disaster n an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, th
ecology n the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their e
predator n an animal that kills and eats other animals
prey n an animal, a bird, etc. that is hunted, killed and eaten by another
vermin n wild animals or birds that destroy plants or food, or attack farm anim
arid adj (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; very dry
catastrophic adj (of a natural event) causing many people to suffer
endangered adj (used especially about groups of animals, plants, etc.) at risk of no lo
domesticated adj (of a wild animal) used to living with or working for humans
cultivate v to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops
eradicate v to destroy or get rid of something completely, especially something b
humidity n the amount of water in the air
emission n the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.
threaten v to be a danger to something
exist v to be real; to be present in a place or situation
hamper v to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something
sustain v to provide enough of what somebody/something needs to live or exis
vulnerable adj weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
prolong v to make something last longer
devastate v to destroy completely a place or an area
amusing adj funny or entertaining
annoy v to make someone feel slightly angry or impatient
attitude n opinions or feelings that you show by your behavior
bad-tempered adj made annoyed or angry very easily
behave v to do things in a particular way
bully v to frighten or hurt someone who is smaller or weaker than you
bully n someone who uses their strength or status to threaten or frighten peo
calm adj not affected by strong emotions
celebrate v to do something enjoyable in order to show that an occasion or event
character n the qualities that make up someone’s personality
depressed adj very unhappy and without any feelings of hope or enthusiasm
embarrassing n making you feel nervous, ashamed, or stupid
emotion n a feeling that you experience, for example love, fear, or anger
enthusiastic adj very interested in something, or excited by it
feeling n an emotional state, for example anger or happiness
glad adj happy and pleased about something
hurt v to feel pain somewhere in your body
hurt adj injured, or feeling physical pain
miserable adj extremely unhappy
naughty adj a naughty child behaves badly
noisy adj making a lot of noise, or full of noise
polite adj behaving towards other people in a pleasant way that follows all the
react v to behave in a particular way because of things that are happening ar
regret v to feel sorry or sad about something that has happened, or about som
regret n a feeling of sadness about something that has happened, or about som

Laughing
39
and crying
 ridiculous adj silly or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at
Laughing romantic adj involving love, or making you have feelings of love
39
and crying rude adj not polite
sense of humour n phr the ability to laugh at things and recognize when they are funny
shy adj nervous and embarrassed in the company of other people, especially
stress n a worried or nervous feeling that makes you unable to relax, or a situ
tell a joke v phr say a short story with a funny ending to make people laugh
upset v to make someone feel sad, worried, or angry
upset adj sad, worried, or angry about something
relieve v to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain
astonish v injured, or feeling physical pain
empathy n the ability to understand another person’s feelings, experience, etc.
impressive adj making you admire them, because they are very large, good, skillful,
elated adj very happy and excited because of something good that has happene
frightened adj afraid; feeling fear
phobia n a strong unreasonable fear of something
agressive adj angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack
offend v to make somebody feel upset because of something you say or do tha
confess v to admit something that you feel ashamed or embarrassed about
desire v a strong wish to have or do something
enthusiasm n a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something and a desire
fatigue n a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or e
glare v to look at somebody/something in an angry way
gratitude n the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks
sensation n the ability to feel through your sense of touch
sentiment n a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions
resent v to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel i
affection n the feeling of liking or loving somebody/something very much and c
mood n the way you are feeling at a particular time
accident n something that happens without being planned
assume v to believe that something happens, usually something bad
cause v to make something happen, usually something bad
cause n an event, thing, or person that makes something happen
claim v to say that something is true, even though there is no definite proof
complain v to say that you are not happy about something
convince v to make someone believe that something is true; to persuade someon
criticise v to say what you think is wrong or bad about something or someone
deny v to say that something is not true
discussion n a conversation about something important
doubt v to think that something is probably not true, probably does not exist,
doubt n a feeling of not being certain about something
encourage v to give someone confidence or hope
get rid of v phr to throw away, give away, or sell something that you no longer want
gossip v to talk about other people or about things that are not important
gossip n talk or a conversation about things that are not important or about pe
ideal adj perfect
insult v to say or do something that is offensive
insult n an offensive remark
investigate v to try to find out all the facts about something in order to learn the tr
negative adj harmful or bad
 positive adj a positive experience, situation, result, etc. is a good one
praise v to express strong approval or admiration for someone or something
praise n an expression of strong approval or admiration
pretend v to behave in a particular way because you want someone to believe t
purpose n an aim or use
refuse v to say that you will not do or accept something, or will not let someo
Problems result v to cause or produce something
42 and result n something that is caused directly by something else
solutions rumour n something that people are saying that may or may not be true
sensible adj reasonable and practica
serious adj bad or dangerous enough to make you worried
spare adj kept in addition to other similar things, so that you can use it if you n
theory n kept in addition to other similar things, so that you can use it if you n
thought n an idea, or image that comes into your mind
warn v to tell someone about a possible problem or danger, so that they can
accelerate v to happen faster or earlier; to make something happen faster or earlie
consequent n happening as a result of something
contribute v to give something, especially money or goods, to help achieve or pro
ensue v to make sure that something happens or is definite
direct adj going in the straightest line between two places without stopping or c
provocative adj intended to make people angry or upset; intended to make people arg
responsible adj having the job or duty of doing something or taking care of somebod
induce v to cause something
obstacle n a situation, an event, etc. that makes it difficult for you to do or achie
strategy n a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose
approach v to start dealing with a problem, task, etc. in a particular way
approach n a way of dealing with somebody/something; a way of doing or think
remedy n a way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situatio
intervene v to become involved in a situation in order to improve or help it
collaborate v to work together with somebody in order to produce or achieve some
resolve v to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty
propose v to suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide o
implement v to make something that has been officially decided start to happen or
alleviate v to make something less severe
severe adj extremely bad or serious
consent v to agree to something or give your permission for something
 Meaning Vietnamese Meaning
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is applying for a job
ce of a professional person or organization
has that makes people believe or trust them
e and like a particular product so that other people will want to

r problem or for achieving a particular purpose

ob after you have worked the normal hours

 wages for doing a particular job

y has or is expected to have in an organization, in society or in

ere is no more work available for you in a company
an organization, the armed forces, etc.
e something
knowledge to be able to do something well
uch as injury, defeat or loss
thing and start doing it
n of the election
balance between different features or aspects
r features are treated equally or exist in the correct relationshi
e an advantage
tion
r nose or mouth and let it out again
mouth into small pieces
d into pieces

h a sudden noise, especially when you have a cold or when you

at you make when you cough; an illness in which you cough a l
y an illness
meone who is ill become healthy
y healthy and to make your body stronger
o stay healthy and to make your body stronger
lasts for a short time and makes you feel weak and tired
body for medical reasons

t it influence you
by a virus
e in making a particular meal

from increasing past a particular point

is possible or allowed
akfast or lunch, or the food that you eat at that time
u swallow with water
n illness or injury

om something larger

a spoon or other object

; to have a particular illness or physical problem
rink something and experience its flavour
our mouth when you eat or drink it
or a particular type of medical care
essary to keep your body healthy
that something bad is going to happen
eful to somebody/something
e exact cause of an illness or a problem
 ungs as you breathe
your lungs
ving thing alive and to help it to grow
d or an injury

c. nor very bad, small, cold, etc.

r repeated frequently, especially in a way that is annoying and
o succeed or exist; or (of a person) full of energy and enthusiasm
ge something
difficult to cure
ly something bad
function
es or exacerbates a health issue or behavior
spend a lot of time sitting down
mething, especially by making it easier
ows that you are not healthy
n where there is no protection from something harmful or unpl

es
plant called a cotton plant
n
, how it will work, or what it will look like, and often to make
t it works and looks a certain way, or a drawing that shows what

ress one part of it over another part

at paintings and other works of art
r the process of making something better than it was before
our body tightly
so that it stays in good condition
match, they form an attractive combination

mething by seeing, hearing, or feeling them

ves information or that warns people about something
e repeated regularly
of each other in an untidy way
s rather than theories or ideas alone

ers produced by insects called silkworms

ers your arm

hes, it becomes longer or wider when you pull it

ne that is typical of a particular group, time, or place

you, it makes you look good
oth, usually a jacket with trousers or a skirt
or situation
nto pieces or gets a hole in it, or to become damaged in this wa
torn
rt of your body
do a particular type of work
igging
inuous period, such as 1910–1919 or 2000–2009
uous series
present everywhere

mething through the action of wind, rain, etc.; to be gradually d

one side to the other
ecially from the weather or from attack
business owns or uses

g
de of
s mentioned
estroy something
m a place
urniture, a building, a vehicle, etc. that gives it its shape
s a lot of space

something, for example a piece of furniture

ecoration

e type of weather it has

h farms, fields and trees
water, air, plants and animals
f animal or plant
ly to happen, often relating to the weather
pen, often relating to the weather
ater freezes and becomes ice

er
ten has wings
in the sky during a storm

e ground in a public place, making it untidy

ially the place where you live
one or something is; be located: to exist in a particular place
’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a bab

meone or something is; to give someone or something a name

ng to a person or thing
ng begins to exist
round the Sun or around another star
revent it from being harmed or destroyed
n be used again
d that lay eggs, and whose body is covered in scales
unpleasant situation
g from danger or from an unpleasant situation
el round the Earth in order to receive and send information; a
move around it
rs all have similar general features and are able to produce you
r in the sky during a storm
n its own in natural conditions and is not raised by humans
atural conditions
ad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes
res to each other and to their environment; the study of this
mals
illed and eaten by another
ts or food, or attack farm animals and bird
o rain; very dry
ple to suffer
als, plants, etc.) at risk of no longer existing
or working for humans
ants or crops
pletely, especially something bad

heat, gas, etc.

ituation
g or achieving something
something needs to live or exist
otionally

ea

r impatient
your behavior

aller or weaker than you

atus to threaten or frighten people

show that an occasion or event is special

personality
s of hope or enthusiasm
stupid
mple love, fear, or anger
d by it
or happiness

easant way that follows all the usual rules of society

of things that are happening around you or things that other pe
at has happened, or about something that you have done
hat has happened, or about something that you have done
 be laughed at
elings of love

nize when they are funny

any of other people, especially people who you do not know
es you unable to relax, or a situation that makes you feel like th
o make people laugh
angry
g
ling or pain

n’s feelings, experience, etc.

y are very large, good, skillful, etc.
mething good that has happened, or will happen

ng
way; ready to attack
of something you say or do that is rude or embarrassing
med or embarrassed about

rest in something and a desire to become involved in it

ally because of hard work or exercise
angry way
ng to express your thanks
f touch
based on emotions
, especially because you feel it is unfair
dy/something very much and caring about them
time
planned
ually something bad
mething bad
omething happen
ugh there is no definite proof
mething
ng is true; to persuade someone to do something
about something or someone

tant
t true, probably does not exist, or probably will not happen
mething

ething that you no longer want or need

ngs that are not important
t are not important or about people’s private lives

mething in order to learn the truth about it

 etc. is a good one
on for someone or something
miration
you want someone to believe that something is true when it is n

omething, or will not let someone do something

omething else
may or may not be true

worried
, so that you can use it if you need it
, so that you can use it if you need it
mind
em or danger, so that they can avoid it or deal with it
mething happen faster or earlier

r goods, to help achieve or provide something

or is definite
wo places without stopping or changing direction
et; intended to make people argue about something
hing or taking care of somebody/something, so that you may b

difficult for you to do or achieve something

ticular purpose
tc. in a particular way
thing; a way of doing or thinking about something such as a pr
unpleasant or difficult situation
der to improve or help it
der to produce or achieve something
blem or difficulty
ple to think about and decide on
ially decided start to happen or be used

mission for something

Example
thought or training