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246 Fin Prac

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10 views

246 Fin Prac

Uploaded by

agha abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 246 FINAL PRACTISE

(1) [20] Find an explicit solution to each of the following initial-value problems. Identify
their intervals of definition.
4t
(a) [10] x0 = 2
, x(0) = 2 .
(t + 1)x
et
(b) [10] (1 + t) v 0 + 4 v = , v(0) = 3 .
(1 + t)3
(2) [10] Consider the following Matlab commands.
[t,y] = ode45(@(t,y) y.*(y+4), [2,6], 2.0:4.0:2.0);
plot(t,y)
The following questions need not be answered in Matlab format!
(a) [2] What di↵erential equation is being solved numerically?
(b) [1] Over what time interval are the solutions being approximated?
(c) [3] Give the initial condition for each solution being approximated.
(d) [4] Sketch each of these solutions over this time interval on a single graph.
Label the initial value of each solution clearly.

(3) [20] Give an explicit real general solution to each of the following equations.
(a) [10] u00 11u0 + 24u = 12e2t .
(b) [10] x0000 + 18x00 + 81x = 24 cos(3t) .

(4) [10] Given that t2 and t4 solve the associated homogeneous di↵erential equation, solve
the initial-value problem
8t5
t2 v 00 5t v 0 + 8v = , v(1) = 0 , v 0 (1) = 0 .
1 + t2
Evaluate any definite integrals that arise.

1
2

(5) [20] Let x(t) be the solution of the initial-value problem


x00 + 8x0 + 20x = f (t) , x(0) = 3, x0 (0) = 5 ,
where the forcing f (t) is given by
(
t2 for 0  t < 2 ,
f (t) =
0, 2t<1.
(a) [5] Find the Laplace transform F (s) o f t h e f o r c i n g f(t).
(b) [10] Find the Laplace transform X(s) of the solution x(t).
(c) [5] Find the solution x(t)

5s
e (s + 9)
(6) [10] Find the function y(t) whose Laplace transform is Y (s) = .
s2 4s 21

(7) [20] Solve the initial-value problem x0 = Bx, x(0) = xI for the following B and xI .
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
2 1 3
(a) [10] B = , xI = .
1 4 0
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
2 5 I 2
(b) [10] B = , x = .
1 4 1

(8) [20] Two masses are connected by springs and slide along a frictionless horizontal
track as illustrated by the following schematic diagram.
././././././ ././././././ ././././././
m m
\ \ / \ /
h1 h2
Their motion is governed by the second-order system
ḧ1 = 4h1 6(h1 h2 ) , ḧ2 = 6(h2 h1 ) 4h2 ,
where h1 and h2 are the horizontal displacements of the masses from their respective
equilibrium positions.
(a) [4] Recast this system as a first-order system in the form ẋ = Ax where

(b) [8] Show that A has the eigenpairs


0 0 11 0 0 11 0 0 11 0 0
11
1 1 1 1
B B 1 CC B B CC B B CC B B CC
Bi2 , B CC , B i2 , B 1 CC , Bi4 , B 1 CC , B i4 , B 1 CC .
@ @i2AA @ @ i2AA @ @ i4 AA @ @ i4AA
i2 i2 i4 i4
(c) [8] Give a fundamental set of real solutions for the system ẋ = Ax.
3

(9) [10] Compute etC for 0 1


0 3 0
C = @3 0 4A ,
0 4 0
given that
• the characteristic polynomal of C is p(z) = z 3 + 25z,
1
• the Green function for D3 + 25D is g(t) = 25 1 cos(5t) .
(10) [20] A real 2⇥2 matrix B has the eigenpairs
✓ ✓ ◆◆ ✓ ✓ ◆◆
2 3
1, and 2, .
3 2
(a) [4] Give a general solution to the linear planar system x0 = Bx.
(b) [2] Give an invertible matrix V and a diagonal matrix D that diagonalize B.
(c) [8] Compute etB .
(d) [6] Sketch a phase-plane portrait for this system and identify its type. Classify
the stability of the origin. (Carefully mark all sketched orbits with arrows!)
(11) [20] Consider the system
x0 = y 4x + x2 , y 0 = 4y 2xy .
(a) [10] Find a nonconstant function H(x, y) such that every orbit of the system
satisfies H(x, y) = c for some constant c.
(b) [10] The stationary points are (0, 0), (4, 0), and (2, 4). In the phase-plane sketch
these stationary points plus the level set H(x, y) = c for each value of c that
corresponds to a stationary point that is a saddle. (No arrows are required!)
(12) [20] Consider the system
u̇ = 4u v, v̇ = 2u v 3u2 .
(a) [3] This system has two stationary points. Find them.
(b) [3] Find the Jacobian matrix at each stationary point.
(c) [6] Classify the type and stability of each stationary point.
(d) [8] Sketch a phase-plane portrait of the system that shows its behavior near each
stationary point. (Carefully mark all sketched orbits with arrows!)

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